 | Francis Bowen - 1870 - 512 стор.
...Smith's first canon is, " The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government as nearly as possible in proportion to...is called the equality or inequality of taxation." Secondly, " The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain, and not arbitrary. The... | |
 | William Lucas Sargant - 1870 - 356 стор.
...are well known.( 421 " I. The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to...respectively enjoy under the protection of the state. . . . "II. The tax which every individual is bound to pay ought to be certain, and not arbitrary "... | |
 | Hermann-Wilfried Bayer - 1997 - 872 стор.
...Leistungsfähigkeit in dessen Grundsatz der Gleichmäßigkeit ("The subjects ... ought to contribute ... in proportion to their respective abilities; that...respectively enjoy under the protection of the state") aus. 3. Die Leistungsfähigkeit in ihrer heutigen Gestalt ist ein Geschöpf der Gcrechtigkeitsvorstellungen... | |
 | John C. Winfrey - 1998 - 244 стор.
...argument that those with greater income or wealth should pay more taxes than those with less. ure. In the observation or neglect of this maxim consists...is called the equality or inequality of taxation.* He adroitly linked the benefit and the abüity-to-paу principles. An individual's ability to pay is... | |
 | James M. Buchanan, Richard A. Musgrave - 1999 - 294 стор.
...Focus, from Adam Smith on, has been on "ability to pay." As Smith put it, individuals should contribute "in proportion to their respective abilities; that...respectively enjoy under the protection of the state" (Smith [1776], 1937, 777). He thus offered an intriguing formulation that may be read as combining... | |
 | Cheng-chung Lai - 2000 - 486 стор.
...of equality, he argues: "The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to...respectively enjoy under the protection of the state. The expense of government to the individuals of a great nation is like the expense of management to... | |
 | 2000 - 224 стор.
...equality enjoins that the " subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to...respectively enjoy under the protection of the state." The second maxim is that of certainty. " The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be... | |
 | John Kenneth Galbraith - 2001 - 329 стор.
...Smith's fourth canon, that the "subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to...they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state,"12 could be taken as a prescription for a proportional (ie, fixed percentage) as distinct from... | |
 | Simon R. James - 2002 - 456 стор.
...to taxes in general. I. The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible in proportion to...respectively enjoy under the protection of the state. The expense of government to the individuals of a great nation, is like the expense of management to... | |
 | Jack Rabin - 2001 - 824 стор.
...revenue system (Papke 1993). The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to...respectively enjoy under the protection of the state. Table 1 The Largest Tax Incentive Packages, 1986-1996 Dollars (in millions) Company State Jobs created... | |
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The subjects of every State ought to contribute to the support of the Government as nearly as possible in proportion to their respective abilities; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the State. 
