Elements of economics of industry, the first vol. of Elements of economics1899 |
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Сторінка 30
... particular they did not see that the poverty of the poor is the chief cause of that weakness and inefficiency which are the causes of their poverty : they had not the faith that modern economists have in the possibility of a vast ...
... particular they did not see that the poverty of the poor is the chief cause of that weakness and inefficiency which are the causes of their poverty : they had not the faith that modern economists have in the possibility of a vast ...
Сторінка 37
... particular action before he enters on it . It is that side of his life in which , when he does follow habit and custom , and proceed for the moment without calculation , the habits and customs themselves are most nearly sure to have ...
... particular action before he enters on it . It is that side of his life in which , when he does follow habit and custom , and proceed for the moment without calculation , the habits and customs themselves are most nearly sure to have ...
Сторінка 40
... particular trade or industrial group ; but it is also true , as German writers have well urged , that economics has a great and an increasing concern in motives connected with the collective ownership of property and the collective ...
... particular trade or industrial group ; but it is also true , as German writers have well urged , that economics has a great and an increasing concern in motives connected with the collective ownership of property and the collective ...
Сторінка 41
... particular worker is earning , by merely observing how far his is a skilled occupation and what strain it involves on his physical , mental and moral faculties . And , starting from simple considerations of this kind , they can go on to ...
... particular worker is earning , by merely observing how far his is a skilled occupation and what strain it involves on his physical , mental and moral faculties . And , starting from simple considerations of this kind , they can go on to ...
Сторінка 42
... particular facts to general principles is called induction ; the reasoning from general principles to particular facts is called deduction . Prof. Schmoller , an.
... particular facts to general principles is called induction ; the reasoning from general principles to particular facts is called deduction . Prof. Schmoller , an.
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Загальні терміни та фрази
ability action Adam Smith advantages agents of production aggregate agriculture amount arities average capital and labour causes CHAPTER chief chiefly classes commodity consumption cultivation demand and supply derived Diminishing Return division of labour dose duction Earnings of Management economic economists efficiency employers employment England English equal equilibrium evil exertion expenses of production fact factors of production factory give governed grade greater growth higher important income increase industry influence instance kind land less lower machinery manual labour manufacturer marginal utility measure ment modern national dividend nature necessary normal person population Principles Principles VI Producer's Surplus purchase Quasi-rent raise rate of interest rate of profits raw produce regard rent rise skill social sumers supply of labour supply price surplus tend things tion trade true Unions wages wants wealth workers
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Сторінка 259 - The liberal reward of labour, as it encourages the propagation, so it increases the industry of the common people. The wages of labour are the encouragement of industry, which, like every other human quality, improves in proportion to the encouragement it receives. A plentiful subsistence increases the bodily strength of the labourer, and the comfortable hope of bettering his condition, and of ending his days perhaps in ease and plenty, animates him to exert that strength to the utmost.
Сторінка 175 - That the master manufacturer, by dividing the work to be executed into different processes, each requiring different degrees of skill or of force, can purchase exactly that precise quantity of both which is necessary for each process; whereas, if the whole work were executed by one workman, that person must possess sufficient skill to perform the most ~~ difficult, and sufficient strength to execute the most laborious, of the operations into which the art is divided...
Сторінка 227 - We might as reasonably dispute whether it is the upper or the under blade of a pair of scissors that cuts a piece of paper, as whether value is governed by utility or cost of production. It is true that when one blade is held still, and the cutting is effected by moving the other, we may say with careless brevity that the cutting is done by the second; but the statement is not strictly accurate, and is to be excused only so long as it claims to be merely a popular and not a strictly scientific account...
Сторінка 275 - Wages tend to equal the net product of labour; its marginal productivity rules the demand- price for it; and, on the other side, wages tend to retain a close though indirect and intricate relation with the cost of rearing, training and sustaining the energy of efficient labour.
Сторінка 178 - Good work is rightly appreciated, inventions and improvements in machinery, in processes and the general organization of business have their merits promptly discussed: if one man starts a new idea, it is taken up by others and combined with suggestions of their own; and thus it becomes the source of further new ideas.
Сторінка 48 - Every age and every country has its own problems: and every change in social conditions is likely to require a new development of economic doctrines": also the letter written in 1915 to Mr.
Сторінка 152 - So complete, indeed, has hitherto been the separation, so strongly marked the line of demarcation, between the different grades of labourers, as to be almost equivalent to fin hereditary distinction of caste; each employment being chiefly recruited from the children of those already employed in it...
Сторінка 65 - England, in this generation, may be said to consist of a well-drained dwelling with several rooms, warm clothing, with some changes of underclothing, pure water, a plentiful supply of cereal food, with a moderate allowance of meat and milk, and a little tea, etc., some education, and some recreation, and lastly, sufficient freedom for his wife from other work to enable her to perform properly her maternal and her household duties.
Сторінка 269 - The labour and capital of the country, acting on its natural resources, produce annually a certain net aggregate of commodities, material and immaterial, including services of all kinds. This is the true net annual income or revenue of the country, or the national dividend".
Сторінка 174 - Workmen, on the contrary, when they are liberally paid by the piece, are very apt to over-work themselves, and to ruin their health and constitution in a few years.