cowards, caprice! why should so obscure a man (his | Nor is this peace, the nurse of drones and voyage is not mentioned in history) give name to New France!"- Summary of the British Settlements in North America. w [Preaching of Immortality to the Indians.] THOMAS STORY and his companion went to a town of the Chickahomine Indians, and spake to them concerning the Immortality of the Soul, and told them "that God hath placed a Witness in the heart of every man, which approves that which is good, and reproves that which is evil. "The Sagamor then pointed to his head, and said, that was treacherous; but pointing to his breast, said it was true and sweet there. And then he sent forth his breath, as if he had poured out his soul unto death; and signing up towards Heaven with his hand, raised a bold, chearful, and loud Hey, as if the Soul ascended thither in a triumphant manner; and then pointing to his body, from thence put his hand towards the earth, to demonstrate his opinion that the Body remains there when the soul is departed and ascended." - Journal of the Life of THOMAS STORY, p. 162. 66 [Ruin of Maritime Cities.] SPEAKING of cities that are left desolate, "by reason of wars, fires, plagues, inundations, wild beasts, decay of trades, barred havens, and the sea's violence," BURTON says, -as Antwerp may witness of late, Syracuse of old, Brundusium in Italy, Rye and Dover with us, and many that at this day suspect the sea's fury and rage, and labour against it, as the Venetians to their inestimable charge." - Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 47. [Character of an insular and warlike State.] "I MUST tell you, Sir, Virtue, if not in action, is a vice; And when we move not forward, we go backward: Our health, but a disease. - Consider Where your command lies: 'tis not, Sir, in France, Spain, Germany, Portugal, but in Sicily, An island, Sir. Here are no mines of gold Or silver to enrich you: no worm spins Silk in her womb, to make distinction Between you and a peasant in your habits: No fish lives near our shores, whose blood can dye Scarlet or purple: all that we possess, With beasts we have in common. Nature did Design us to be warriors, and to break through Our ring, the sea, by which we are environ'd; And we by force must fetch in what is wanting Can yield our numerous fry bread: we must starve, Or eat up one another. - Let not our nerves Shrink up with sloth: nor, for want of employment, Make younger brothers thieves; it is their swords, Sir, Must sow and reap their harvest. If examples May move you more than arguments, look to England, The empress of the European isles ;When did she flourish so, as when she was The mistress of the ocean, her navies Putting a girdle round about the world? When the Iberian quaked, her worthies named ; And the fair flower-de-luce grew pale, set by The red rose and the white? Let not our armour Hung up, or our unrigg'd armada, make us BURTON - HEMMERLEIN-WALLIUS-SIR JOHN HAWKINS. 247 [Water through Leaden Pipes.] "ALTHOUGH Galen hath taken exception at such waters which run through leaden pipes, ob cerussam quæ in iis generatur, for that unctuous ceruse, which causeth dysenteries and fluxes; yet, as Alsarius Crucius of Genoa well answers, it is opposite to common experience. If that were true, most of our Italian cities, Montpelier in France, with infinite others, would find this inconvenience; but there is no such matter."BURTON'S Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 233. [Sheltered Sites of English Country "OUR gentry in England live most part in the country (except it be some few castles), building still in bottoms, saith Jovius, or near woods, coronâ arborum virentium; you shall know a village by a tuft of trees at or about it, to avoid those strong winds wherewith the island is infested, and cold winter blasts."-BURTON's Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 260. 66 [Rustic Genealogy.] - Ав utroque parente fui ruricola; et avus meus fuit bubulcus, proavus meus agazo, abavus meus villicus; et attavus fuit mulio, et tritavus fuit gorgicus, quartavus meus fuit calator, quintavus agricola: germani vero subulci; et filii mei sunt agellarii; et alumni glebones; et nepotes mei sunt sulcones; et pronepotes mei sunt agricultores; et fratrueles sunt pastinatores; sobrini sunt stinarii; et consobrini sunt abigei: avunculi autem sunt armentarii; et soceri sunt agrestes; patrueles vero tyri sunt; et cognati sunt eroici; et agnati sunt mandrici; et uxor mea filia fuit opilionis; et ego verus et indubitatus rusticus ab omnibus progenitoribus meis, in rure procreatus."- FELIX HEMMERLEIN, De Nobilitate et Rusticitate, fol. 5. [English Music at the end of the Sixteenth Century.] ROSSETER, the lutenist, in the Preface to his Book of Airs, 1601, expresses his dislike of those "who to appear the more deep and singular in their judgement, will admit of no music but that which is long, intricate, bated with fugue, chained with syncopation, and where the nature of the word is precisely expressed in the note; like the old exploded action in comedies; when, if they | it; and yet, not only many, that have tried did pronounce memini, they would point to the hinder part of their heads; if video, put their finger in their eye."-SIR JOHN HAWKINS, History of Music, vol. 4, p. 29. it, have not found it answer expectation; but we ourselves trying some of our own preparing on ourselves, have found it ineffectual, and unable to stop so much as a bleeding at the nose; though upon application of it a little before, we had seen such a bleeding, though violent, suddenly stopped in a person, who was so far from contributing by his imagination to the effect of the powder, that he derided those whom he saw apply it to some of the drops of his blood. Wherefore that the Sympathetic Powder, and the Weapon Salve, are never of any [Effect of Climate upon Timber Trees.] "THOUGH in the western parts it have been observed, that generally the inside, or heart as they call it, of trees, is harder than the outward parts, yet (Fournier) an author very well versed in such matters, gives it us for a very important advertisement touch-efficacy at all, I dare not affirm: but that ing that matter, that they have observed at Marseilles, and all along the Levantine shores, that that part of the wood that is next the bark, is stronger than that which makes the heart of the tree."-BOYLE, vol. 1, p. 226. [Uncertainty of Medical Experiments.] "AND indeed in physic it is much more difficult than most men can imagine, to make an accurate experiment: for oftentimes the same disease proceeding in several persons from quite differing causes, will be increased in one by the same remedy by which it has been cured in another. And not only the constitutions of patients may as much alter the effects of remedies, as the causes of diseases; but even in the same patient, and the same disease, the single circumstance of time may have almost as great an operation upon the success of a medicine, as either of the two former particulars."-Boyle, vol. 1, p. 222. "BESIDES the general uncertainty to which most remedies are subject, there are some few that seem obnoxious to contingencies of a peculiar nature; such is the Sympathetic Powder, of which not only divers physicians and other sober persons have assured me they had successfully made trial, but we ourselves have thought that we were eye-witnesses of the operation of they constantly perform what is promised of them, I must leave others to believe."BOYLE (Of Unsucceeding Experiments), vol. 1, p. 222. [Petrifaction versus Mineral Vegetation.] "PERHAPS it might seem rash to deny a petrifaction of animals and vegetables, so many instances being alleged on all hands by judicious persons attesting it; though I cannot say, that my own observations have ever yet presented me with an ocular evidence of the thing: I only find, that the thing supposed to be petrified, becomes first crusted over with a stony concretion, and afterwards, as that rots away inwardly, the lapidescent juice insinuates itself by degrees into its room, and makes at last a firm stone, resembling the thing in shape; which may lead some to believe it really petrified. But though a real petrifaction were allowed in some cases, it would not be rational to plead this in all the figured stones we see, on account of the many grounds we have for the contrary. But I take these to be the chief reasons which make some so ready to embrace so generally this conceit of petrifaction; because they are prepossessed with an opinion against the vegetation of all stones, and for that they think it impossible for nature to express the shapes of plants and animals where the vegetative life is wanting, this being a faculty peculiarly be longing to that soul; whereas they seem to err in both; for, as what has been said concerning our stone-plants may suffice to prove their vegetation, so it will be as easy to show that nature can and does work the shapes of plants and animals without the help of a vegetative soul, at least as it is shut up in common seeds and organs. To be satisfied of this, let them view the figurations in snow; let them view those delicate landscapes which are very frequently found depicted on stones, carrying the resemblance of whole groves of trees, mountains, and valleys, &c.: let them descend into coalmines, where generally with us the clifts near the coal are all wrought with curious representations of several sorts of herbs, some exactly resembling fern-branches, and therefore by our miners called the fernbranch cleft; some resembling the leaves of sorrel, and several strange herbs, which perhaps the known vegetable kingdom cannot parallel; and though it could, here can be no colour for a petrifaction, it being only a superficial delineation. The like may be said of animals, which are often found depicted on stones; as all mineral histories will sufficiently inform them. Now since here is no place for petrifaction, or a vegetative soul, we can only say, that here is that seminal root, though hindered by the unaptness of the place to proceed to give these things a principle of life in themselves, which in the first generation of things made all plants, and I may say animals, rise up in their distinct species, God commanding the earth and waters to produce both, as some plants and animals rise up still in certain places without any common seed. "It seems to be a thing of a very difficult search, to find what this seminal root is, which is the efficient cause of these figures. Many of the ancients thought it to be some outward mover which wrought the figures in things for some end; the Peripatetics rather judged it to be some virtue implanted in the seed, and in substances having an analogous nature with the seed, &c. &c.”Philosophical Transactions, vol. 2, p. 351. [Music in Speech.] "SITTING in some company, and having been but a little before musical, I chanced to take notice that in ordinary discourse words were spoken in perfect notes; and that some of the company used eighths, some fifths, some thirds; and that those were most pleasing, whose words, as to their tone, consisted most of concords; and where of discords, of such as constituted harmony; and the same person was the most affable, pleasant, and the best-natured in the company. And this suggests a reason why many discourses which one hears with much pleasure, when they come to be read scarcely seem the same things. "From this difference of music in speech, we may also conjecture that of tempers. We know the Doric mood sounds gravity and sobriety; the Lydian, freedom; the Eolic, sweet stillness and composure; the Phrygian, jollity and youthful levity; the Ionic sooths the storms and disturbances arising from passion. And why may we not reasonably suppose that those whose speech naturally runs into the notes peculiar to any of these moods, are likewise in disposition ? "So also from the cliff: as he that speaks in gamut, to be manly; C Fa Ut may show one to be of an ordinary capacity, though good disposition; G Sol Re Ut, to be peevish and effeminate, and of a weak and timorous spirit; sharps, an effeminate sadness; flats, a manly or melancholic sadness. He who has a voice in some measure agreeing with all cliffs, seems to be of good parts and fit for variety of employments, yet somewhat of an inconstant nature. Likewise from the times: so semibriefs may bespeak a temper dull and phlegmatic; minims, grave and serious; crochets, a prompt wit; quavers, vehemency of passion, and used by scolds. Semibrief-rest may denote one either stupid, or fuller of thoughts than he can utter; minim-rest, one that deliberates; crochet-rest, one in a passion. So that from the natural use of mood, note, and 250 SIR JOHN SINCLAIR - SIR JOHN HAWKINS. time, we may collect dispositions."-Philosophical Transactions, vol. 2, p. 441. [Public Exercising Grounds necessary to the Health of Cities.] "In all large and well regulated cities, there ought to be play-grounds or places for public exercise, where labourers, and people who work at particular trades, might assemble at certain hours for recreation, and amuse themselves with walking or other healthful exercises, in order to prevent those diseases which may arise from the usual posture required in their business, if continued without remission, or any relaxation or change. "The general decay of those manly and spirited exercises which formerly were practised in the metropolis and its vicinity, has not arisen from any want of inclination in the people, but from the want of places for that purpose. Such as in times past had been allotted to them, are now covered with buildings or shut up by enclosures; so that, if it were not for skittles, and the like pastimes, they would have no amusements connected with the exercise of the body; and such amusements are only to be met with in places belonging to common drinking-houses; for which reason their play is seldom productive of much benefit, but more frequently becomes the prelude to drunkenness and debauchery. Honest Stow, in his Survey of London, laments the retrenchments of the grounds appropriated for martial pastimes, which had begun to take place even in his day.". SIR JOHN SINCLAIR'S Code of Health and Longevity, p. 292. [Power of Music to inspire Devotion.] “THAT there is a tendency in music,” says SIR JOHN HAWKINS, " to excite grave and even devout as well as lively and mirthful affections, no one can doubt who is not an absolute stranger to its efficacy and though it may perhaps be said that the | effects of music are mechanical, and that there can be nothing pleasing to God in that devotion which follows the involuntary operation of sound on the human mind; this is more than can be proved, and the scripture seems to indicate the contrary." - History of Music, vol. 4, p. 42. [Intelligible versus Obscure Philosophy.] WRITING to Mersennus concerning his controversy with Fludd, Gassendi says, “He will have one great advantage over you; namely, that whereas your philosophy is of a plain, open, intelligible kind; his, on the contrary, is so very obscure and mysterious, that he can at any time conceal himself, and by diffusing a darkness round him, hinder you from discerning him so far as to lay hold of him, much less to drag him forth to conviction."-SIR JOHN HAWKINS, History of Music, vol. 4, p. 167. [Organ Music.] SIR JOHN HAWKINS says, Frescobaldi may be deemed "the father of that organ-style which has prevailed not less in England than in other countries for more than a hundred years past; and which consists in a prompt and ready discussion of some premeditated subject, in a quicker succession of notes than is required in the accompaniment of choral harmony. Exercises of this kind on the organ are usually called Toccatas, from the Italian toccare, to touch; and for want of a better word to express them, they are here in England called Voluntaries."History of Music, vol. 4, p. 175. [Metrical Hair-dressing.] "GAUDENT complures membrorum frictione et pectinatione capillorum; verùm hæc ipsa multò magis juvant si balnearii et tonsores adeo in arte suâ fuerint periti, ut quosvis etiam numeros suis possint explicare |
