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multarum quod fuit, unus habes." Cf. Hor. C. ii. 15. 13. It belongs chiefly to epigrams, or playful poetry.

4. Apostrophe; by which persons, or inanimate ob

jects, are addressed in order to add force or
pathos. See Aids vi. Part I. Exercises V. LI
LII. CVII. &c. Cf. Virg. Æn. ii. 59.
Met. x. 41; Fasti iv. 439.

Ov.

5. Aposiopēsis; by which the latter part of a sentence is passionately and abruptly broken off. Virg. En. i. 135, "Quos ego-sed motos præstat," &c. &c. Ov. Her. xii. 207, "Quos equidem actutum!-sed quid," &c. 6. Apposition; by which a subordinate definition is added to a substantive, not necessarily forming one idea with it, but serving to define or characterize it more closely: e. g. “Tarquinius, rex Romanorum." "Effodiuntur opes, irritamenta malorum," Ov. M. i. 140. Cf. Part I. Exercises V. 1; LVI. 1. 4; XCI. 4.

7. Asyndĕton; by which conjunctions are omitted: Virg. Æn. i. 602, "Urbe, domo socias." Ov. Fast. i. 126, "It, redit officio Jupiter ipse suo." Cf. Part I. Exercise IV. 16; XXXIX. 6; LXXVIII. 4. Part II. LVI. 6.

8. Attraction; by which (a) the Relative is drawn into the case of the Antecedent: e. g. Hor. Sat. i. 6. 15, "Judice quo nôsti, populo." This however is rare. Cf. Terence. Heaut. i. 1. 35. "Hâc quidem causâ quâ dixi tibi.”—Cicero, Ep. ad Div. v. 14.-Or (b) the Antecedent is drawn into the Relative clause. E. g. Hor. Epod. ii. 37. "Quis non malarum quas amor curas habet Hæc inter obliviscitur?" Cf. Sat. ii. 2. 59. Virg. Æn. i, 573,—Ov. Met. xiv. 350.—Terence

Eun. iv. 3. 11: Andr. Prol. 3 and 26.-Cæsar.
B. G. iv. 21. Ov. Her. iv. 174. "Sic tibi dent
Nymphæ . . . quæ levet unda sitim." See Part
I. Exercise LIV. 6. 8.

9. Ellipsis; by which a word easily supplied is omitted. Ellipses of verbs, prepositions, and conjunctions are most common.

Exercises CXVI. 11. 1; CXI. 1. 1.

See Part I.

10. Epanalepsis; by which the word in the beginning of the first clause in a sentence closes the

second clause: e. g. Virg. Æn. i. 754, "Multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa." Cf. Propert. ii. 1. 12. (See Poet. Orn. (.) 11. Epizeuxis; by which the same word is repeated with emphasis: e. g. Hor. Epist. i. 1. 53, “O cives, cives, quærenda pecunia primum." Virg. iii. 264. (Poet. Orn. .)

Cf.

12. Hendiadys; by which two nouns are used to convey one notion: e. g Virg. G. ii. 192, “ Pateris libamus et auro," i. e. "aureis pateris." Cf. Ecl. ii. 8; and see Part I. Exercise XXXIII. 5, note; LXVI. 6.

13. Hypallage; by which the proper and natural relations of words to one another seem to be mutually altered-frequently the attraction of an adjective to a substantive with which it does not properly agree (as in Part I. Exercise XVII. 6. Part II. Exercise X. 2); or sometimes a change of case, as Virg. Æn. iii. 61; i. 199. 14. Litotes; by which a strong notion is conveyed under a weak form of speech: e. g. Virg. G. iii. 5,"Illaudati Busiridis aras.' See Aids II.

N.B.-Ironia and Meiosis may be referred to

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15. Oxymoron; by which opposite words are placed in juxta-position: e. g. Catull. lxiv. 83,“ Funera nefunera." Lucr. i. 99, " Casta inceste." Hor. C. i. 34. 2. Cf. Part II. Exercise XXXV. II. 1.

16. Parenthesis; by which a clause is inserted. This figure may often be used with very good effect: "Occupat hunc-vires insania fecerat-Ino," Ov. M. iv. 527. "Cantabam, memini (meminerunt omnia amantes)," Ov. Heroid. xv. 43 Cf. Part II. Exercises III. 3; LV. 11. 3.

17. Paronomasia; by which words of similar sound are placed in juxta-position. It is not out of place in Epigrams and playful compositions.

18. Periphrasis; by which an idea is circuitously expressed. Periphrasis, or circumlocution, may be of two kinds; of the word, or of the thing. Instances of the former are such expressions as error Herculis," "Catonis virtus,"

66

66 nitor Hebri," "decus innuptarum," "rigor ferri," ruborem dare." Cf. Poet.

66

non unquam,"

99 66

Aids I. Instances of the latter are

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Orn. e.
such expressions as "Jocosa montis imago
Echo, Hor. C. i. 12. 4. Cf. Part I. Exercises
XXXIII. 4, and LXXIII. 10.

19. Pleonasm; by which apparently superfluous words.

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are used: e. g. ore loqui," "animo reminisci,"

&c. Cf. Aids III. Part I. Exercise XCII. 2; LXX. 12.

20. Polyptoton; by which the same word is repeated in a different case or tense: e. g. "Una salus victis nullam sperare salutem," Virg. Æn. ii. 354. "Spectantem specta-ridenti mollia ride," Ov. R. A. 279.

21. Polysyndĕton; by which conjunctions are repeated e. g. "Una Eurusque Notusque ruunt,

creberque procellis Africus," Virg. Æn. i. 89. Cf. Aids III.

22. Prolepsis; see Part I. Exercises LXIII. note; CXI. note; CXXV. 2.

23. Synecdoche; by which the whole is put for a part,

a part for the whole; the genus for the species. and vice versâ. See Part I. Exercises V. note; LVI. note; CXXIII. note; CXXXVII. 7. 24. Zeugma; by which two nouns are joined to a verb which only suits one of them, but suggests the other verb. Occasionally the same verb is applied to different nouns in a different sense.

THE END.

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