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LONDON:
Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES,
Stamford-street.
CONTENTS.
BOOK III.
OF THE THEORY OF THE SUPERFECUNDITY OF HUMAN BEINGS:
ITS NUMERICAL ERRORS STATED AND DISPROVED.
CHAP.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Table XVI. Shewing the Prolificness required in order to double
a Population in 12 Years.
XVII. In which the preceding one is divided into Sections
of Eight Years, shewing the Annual Proportions of the Mar-
riages, Births, and Deaths, to the existing Population
throughout.
XVIII. Exhibiting the Mean Proportions in a Population
doubling every 12 Years, in which the Births are as about
1 to 12, and the Deaths as 1 to 36.
XIX. Shewing the Progress of a Population doubling
between every 14 and 15 Years.
Of the possible Periods of Human Duplication,
continued
Table XX. Shewing the Progress of a Population in which the
Marriages take place at 20, and all the Married have 8
Children, 4 of whom survive to Marry at the same age, and
become equally prolific: the Infant and unprolific Deaths
omitted throughout, as having no effect on the Rate of
Increase. The Mean Duration of Life being 65 years, and the
proportion of effete Population to the Two Couples with which
the Table commences, 3.
concluded
Table XXI. Shewing the Progress of a Population in which the
Marriages take place at 23; each having, out of 5,265 Births,
Three which live to Marry, One in the First, and the remainder
in the Fifth and Eighth Years after Marriage; all such sur-
viving to the age of 65; the existing Progenitors of the Two
First Couples being, therefore, 2 Individuals.
XXII. Exhibiting the results of preceding one divided, to
the Year 200, into Sections of 20 Years each, and containing
the presumed Proportion of Unprolific Births throughout,
28
47
V.
VI.
Page
68
Of the Impossibility of the Geometrical Duplication
of Human Beings; demonstrated by the Law of
Mortality
Of the Effects of Emigration on the Increase of
Population
Table XXIII. Exhibiting the Effect of Emigration on the Natural
Increase of Population, according to different Methods of
Calculation.
Of the possible Proportion of Marriages in different
Communities
VII.
78
98
VIII.
Of the Method of calculating the Prevalence of
the Preventive Check
108
IX.
Of the Method of calculating the comparative Pre-
valence of the Preventive Check in different
Times and Countries
126
Table XXIV. France.
X.
Of the Proportion of Second and Third Marriages,
and of Illegitimate Children, in different Coun-
tries, and of their Effects on Population
141
XI.
Table XXV. Shewing the Proportion of the First and subsequent
Marriages in 14,654 Weddings in Prussia, and the Sexes and
Ages of the Parties respectively.
XXVI. and XXVII. Shewing the First and subsequent
Marriages in Paris, in the Years 1826 and 1827.
XXVIII. Exemplifying the Method of directly determining
the relative Proportion of First and subsequent Marriages in an
increasing Population.
XXIX. Shewing the supposed Proportions in 10,000 Mar-
riages of those of Single Persons, Widowers and Widows, and
the presumed average Prolificness of each.
Of the Prolificness of Marriages, and of the Propor-
tion of the born who live to Marry; as deducible
from Registers
. 161
Table XXX. Exemplifying the usual Method of estimating the Pro-
lificness of Marriages from actual Registers.
XII.
وو
XXXI. Shewing that the Marriage of Emigrants in the
Places to which they repair, does not affect the accuracy of the
Registers, as expressing the Prolificness of Marriages.
Of the Effects of Mortalities on the Number of
Marriages
Table XXXII.
184
Table XXXIII. Exhibiting the Marriages in the most mortal and
most healthful Year of each of the Sections in the foregoing
Table, from Sussmilch.
XIII. Of the Effect of Mortalities on the Number of
Table XXXIV. Shewing the Effect of Mortalities on the Number
of Marriages in Sweden.
XIV.
XV.
XXXV. Shewing the Effect of Mortalities on the Number
of Marriages in France.
XXXVI. Shewing the Effect of Mortalities on the Number
of Marriages in England.
209
236
Of the Effect of Scarcities on Human Prolificness 224
Of the Effect of Scarcities on Human Prolificness
Table XXXVII. Shewing, from the Registers of England, the
Effect of Scarcities on the Prolificness of Marriages.
XVI.
XXXVIII. Shewing, from the Registers of England, the
" Effect of Scarcities on the Prolificness of Marriages.
دو
XXXIX. Shewing, by another Method, from the Registers
of England, the Effect of Scarcities on the Prolificness of
Marriages.
XL. Shewing, by a further Method, from the Registers of
England, the Effect of Scarcities on the Prolificness of
Of the Effect of Scarcities on Human Prolificness 256
Table XLI. Shewing the Effect of Crops on the Prolificness of the
Marriages of Sweden.
XLII. Shewing the Price of Corn, and the Mortality of
Sweden, from the Years 1821 to 1825, inclusive.
XVII. Of the Effect of the Preventive Check, or the Post-
ponement of Marriages, on their Prolificness
Table XLIII. Shewing the Effect the Postponement of the Mar-
riages of Females has upon their Annual Prolificness.
"
XLIV. Shewing the Effect the Postponement of the Mar-
riages of Females has upon the Mortality of their Offspring.
XLV. Shewing the Effect of the Postponement of the Mar-
riages of the Peeresses on their Prolificness, and on the Mor-
tality of their Offspring.
XLVI. Shewing the Effect of the Postponement of the Mar-
riages of the Peeresses on both their Prolificness and the
Preservation of their Offspring.
XLVII. Shewing the Effect of the "Preventive Check"
on the Fecundity of Marriages in England, both in Towns and
the Country at large: also in France, Prussia, and the
Kingdom of the Netherlands.
XVIII. Of the comparative Correctness of Registers, and
on the Continuation of that Increase in Population
which they at present indicate
265
284
Table XLVIII. In which the Population of England, as given in
the Census of 1821, is calculated on a Radix of 20,000; exhi-
biting the Proportion of both Sexes, and of the different Ages,
in that Number.
XLIX. In which the Population of Wales, as given in the
Census of 1821, is calculated on a Radix of 20,000, exhibiting
the Proportion of both Sexes, and of the different Ages, in that
Number.
L. In which the Population of other parts of the United
Kingdom, as given in the Census of 1821, is calculated on a
Radix of 20,000; exhibiting the Proportions of both Sexes, and
of the different Ages, in that Number.
LI. In which the Population of the United States, as given
in the Census of 1821, is calculated on a Radix of 20,000;
exhibiting the Proportions existing of both Sexes, and of every
Age, in that Number.
LII. In which the free coloured Population of the United
States is calculated on a Radix of 20,000, according to the
Census of 1821.
BOOK IV.
OF THE LAW OF POPULATION: ITS PRINCIPLE STATED AND Proved.
INTRODUCTORY
Of the Law of Population: Anticipatory Com-
putations of Nature in reference thereto
putations of Nature, especially in reference to the
Proportion of the Sexes
Table LIII.
LIV. Exhibiting the Ages of 1027 Peers at their Marriage,
and the Number and Sex of their Children.
LV. Exhibiting the Ages of 471 Peeresses at their Mar-
riage, and the Number and Sex of their Children.
LVI. Shewing the Influence which the Difference in the
Ages of the Parents, respectively, has in regulating the Pro-
portion of the Sexes of their Children. Taken from the Re-
gisters of the Peerage.
LVII. Shewing that the Difference in the Proportion of the
Sexes at Birth, which is governed by the Difference in the
Ages of the Parents, respectively, is adjusted to the Law of
Mortality.
LVIII. Shewing, from the Registers of the Peerage, that
the Marriages of Widowers are attended by an Excess of Fe-
male Children.
307
. 317
332
Of the Law of Population: the Principle Defined 352
Of the Law of Population; its Proofs Enumerated 358