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white, rose of this group, is really worthy of attention, both from its origin and quality. It is said to have been originated from a sporting branch of the Crimson Perpetual; its flowers are well shaped, very durable, and highly fragrant.

Culture and Pruning.

As the culture of this class of roses is at present but imperfectly understood, I shall give the result of my experience as to their cultivation, with suggestions to be acted upon according to circumstances. One peculiar feature they nearly all possess a reluctance to root when layered; consequently, Perpetual Damask Roses, on their own roots, will always be scarce: when it is possible to procure them, they will be found to flourish much better on dry poor soils than when budded, as at present. These roses require a superabundant quantity of food: it is therefore perfectly ridiculous to plant them on dry lawns, to suffer the grass to grow close up to their stems, and not to give them a particle of manure for years. Under these circumstances, the best varieties, even the Rose du Roi, will scarcely ever give a second series of flowers. To remedy the inimical nature of dry soils to this class of roses, an annual application of manure on the surface of the soil is quite necessary. The ground must not be dug, but lightly pricked over with a fork in November;

after which, some manure must be laid on, about two or three inches in depth, which ought not to be disturbed, except to clean with the hoe and rake, till the following autumn. This, in some situations, in the spring months, will be unsightly: in such cases, cover with some nice green moss, as directed in the culture of Hybrid China Roses. I have said that this treatment is applicable to dry poor soils; but even in good rose soils it is almost necessary; for it will give such increased vigour, and such a prolongation of the flowering season, as amply to repay the labour bestowed. If the soil be prepared, as directed, they will twice in the year require pruning: in November, when the beds are dressed, and again in the beginning of June. In the November pruning, cut off from every shoot of the preceding summer's growth about two-thirds; if they are crowded, remove some of them entirely. If this autumnal pruning is attended to, there will be, early in June, the following summer, a vast number of luxuriant shoots, each crowned with a cluster of buds. Now, as June roses are always abundant, a little sacrifice must be made to ensure a fine autumnal bloom; therefore, leave only half the number of shoots to bring forth their summer flowers, the remainder shorten to about half their length. Each shortened branch will soon put forth buds ; and in August and September the plants will again be covered with flowers. In cultivating

Perpetual Roses of all classes, the faded flowers ought immediately to be removed; for in autumn the petals do not fall off readily, but lose their colour and remain on the plant, to the injury of the forthcoming buds. Though I have recommended them to be grown on their own roots, in dry soils, yet, on account of the autumnal rains dashing the dirt upon their flowers when close to the ground, wherever it is possible to make budded roses grow, they ought to be preferred; for, on stems from one to two feet in height, the flowers will not be soiled; they are also brought near to the eye, and the plant forms a neat and pretty object.

The Crimson, and, indeed, nearly all the Perpetuals, force admirably; for this purpose, it is better to graft or bud them on the Manetti Rose, as it is so easily excited. Those who wish for the luxury of forced roses, at a trifling cost, may have them by pursuing the following simple method:-Take a common garden frame, large or small, according to the number of roses wanted; raise it on some posts, so that the bottom edge will be about three feet from the ground at the back of the frame, and two feet in front, sloping to the south. If it is two feet deep, this will give a depth of five feet under the lights, at the back of the frame, which will admit roses on little stems as well as dwarfs. Grafted or budded plants of any of the Perpetual Roses

should be potted in October, in a rich compost of equal portions of rotten 'dung and loam, in pots about eight inehes deep, and seven inches over, and plunged in the soil at bottom. The air in the frame may be heated by linings of hot dung; but care must be taken that the dung be turned over two or three times before it is used, otherwise the rank and noxious steam will kill the young and tender shoots; but the hazard of this may be avoided, by building a wall of turf, three inches thick, from the ground to the bottom edge of the frame. This will admit the heat through it, and exclude the steam. The Perpetual Roses, thus made to bloom early, are really beautiful. They may also be forced in any description of forcinghouses with success. It will at once give an idea how desirable these roses are, when it is stated that, by retarding and forcing, they may be made to bloom for eight months in the year.

Perpetual Damask Roses do not bear seed in this country freely, but Mogador may be planted near and fertilized with the Common Bourbon. An attempt to obtain a mossy Crimson Perpetual might be made by planting and fertilizing the Crimson Perpetual with the Single Crimson Moss. In the cultivation of roses and many other gardening operations, we must never really despair.

THE HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSE.

(ROSIER HYBRIDE REMONTANTE.)

This class has now become rich in beautiful roses. In p. 29. is given the origin of Hybrid China Roses, which, it is well known, bloom but once in the season. Some of these hybrids or mules, unlike many plants of the same description, bear seed freely. These fertile varieties have been crossed with different varieties of China and Bourbon roses. From seed thus produced we have gained a new race of autumnal roses, bearing abundance of flowers, during the whole of the summer and autumn, and now called Hybrid Perpetuals. Certainly a more beautiful and interesting class of roses does not exist; their flowers are large, very double, most fragrant, and produced till the end of October. Their habit

is robust and vigorous in a remarkable degree; and, above all, they are perfectly hardy, and will grow well in any climate in Great Britain, however far north: but caution will be required in selecting varieties for cold and damp localities, as those only that open freely should be planted. Some are fine roses in a dry southern climate, and also when forced; that in a moist climate will seldom or never open their flowers.

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