by rule. The time of regular trains must be cleared. When it is desired that a work extra should not protect against other extras, the words "Not protecting against extras" may be added to the order. When a work extra has been instructed by order to not protect against extra trains and afterwards it is desired to have it clear the track for, or protect itself after a certain hour against, a designated extra, an order may be given in the following form: "Work extra 292 clears (or protects against) extra 76 East between D and E after 2:10 P.M." When such an order has been issued extra 76 East must not enter the working limits before 2:10 P.M. and will then run expecting to find the work extra clear of the main track or protecting itself as the order may require. When it is desired that a work extra be permitted to work on the time of a regular train under the protection of a flag, the following form may be used: "Work extra 292 protects against No. 55 between D and E." The regular train receiving this order will run expecting to find the work extra under the protection of a flag.. Whenever extra trains are run over working

limits they must be given a copy of the order sent to the work extra. Should the working order instruct a work extra to not protect against extra trains in one or both directions, then extra trains must protect against the work extra as prescribed by Rule 99. When the work-train order indicates that the work extra is protecting itself against other trains, they will run expecting to find the work extra protecting itself.

Form J is an order for holding trains. It will only be used when necessary to hold trains until orders can be given or in case of emergency.

Form K is for annulling a schedule or a section. When a schedule or a section has been annulled it cannot be restored between the points named.

Form L is for annulling a train order.

Form M is for annulling part of a train order.

Form T is for superseding an order or part of an order. When an order or part of an order is superseded the words "instead of" must always be used.

Train Order Combinations

Wait Order.-In case No. 1 is directed by train order to wait at C until 10:45 A.M. for extra 15 east, some trainmen think that the order permits the extra to use up to 10:45 A.M. to get clear at C, notwithstanding the fact that they know perfectly well that the extra must clear the schedule time of No. I at least five minutes. They figure that in some manner the train order permits them to use up to the time named in the order. The fact is that when a wait order is used the explanation to the order governs the movement. In this case the third example of Form E is used and the explanation states that the first named train must not pass the designated point before the time given, unless the other train has arrived. The extra is required to run with respect to the time specified, at the designated point or any intermediate station where the schedule time is earlier than the time specified in the order, as before required to run with respect to the schedule time of No. 1. This explanation makes it clear that extra 15 must consider the schedule time of No.

I at C, or any intermediate station where No. 1's schedule time is earlier than the time stated in the order, as being 10:45 A.M. The explanation further directs that extra 15 must run with respect to the time stated in the order as before required to run with respect to the regular schedule time. By referring to rule 87, the rule which governs extra trains in their movements against regular trains, it will be found that an extra train must clear the time of a regular train 5 minutes unless otherwise provided; therefore extra 15 must clear the time stated in the order the same as it clears the regular schedule time of No. I.

Some dispatchers do not hesitate to send an order directing a superior train to take siding and wait at a certain station for an inferior train. This I regard as bad practice, for the reason that no explanation is given for such an order. That is, trainmen do not all understand the order alike. For example, No. 1 is directed to take siding and wait at F until 7:35 A.M. for extra 123. Suppose that No. 1 does not arrive at F until 8 A.M., will No. I take siding? If not, will extra 123 understand that it is to get clear after

7:35 A.M. Such questions as these come up nearly every time this order is used and it is what can be called an improper order because it is one which is not authorized. My understanding of the order is that the wait at F is limited by the terms of the order to 7:35 A.M., but the provision in the order to take siding is not limited and cannot be fulfilled without No. I actually taking a siding at F for the extra. This it must do regardless of the time it may arrive at F. In my opinion a superior train should not be put on the siding at the meeting point unless conditions are such that it is necessary.

In case No. 2 is directed to run two hours late from A to D, would an inferior train at E have any right to use the time to make D against No. 2? This is a question which is often asked. The answer is: a run late order makes the schedule time of the train named between the stations mentioned as much later as stated in the order. A train receiving this time can use it only between the points named in the order. Under such an order, if no arriving time is shown at D, No. 2 may leave C 2 hours late and can arrive and leave D as soon as it can after leaving C 2 hours