(1) City Manager Akron, Ohio.... Geo. J. Harter, D., H. A. Weichh't, N-P. C. R. Schwanenberg, C. M. Mayors and City Managers of Chief American Municipalities Source: World Almanac Questionnaire 1944, Jan.Duluth, Minn.. E. H. Hatch, N-P. W. F. Carr, N-P Chas. A. Carran, C. M. E. Orange, N. J. Chas. H. Martens, R. E. St. Louis, III.J. T. Connors, N-P. Easton, Pa.. Joseph Morrison, D.. Elgin, Ill... Term 1945, Apr. 1943, May City 1944, Jan. 1944, Jan. Jas. A. Jenkins, N-P. A. P. Hancock, C. M. 1943, Apr. 1941, Sept. 1944, Jan. 1944, Jan. 1943, May 1946, Jan. 1945, Apr. 1933, Nov. 1943, June 1943, May 1943, May 1944, Jan. 1942, Apr. 1943, 1943, May 1943, May 1940, June Albuquerque, N. M.. Alhambra, Cal.. Alameda, Calif. Amster'm N, Y.. Arthur Carter, D.. Asheville, N. C. Ashland, Ky. H. D. Shanklin, D. Jas. M. Woodall, D.. Frank S. Gains, N-P. Camden, N. J.. Geo. E. Brunner D.. Cedar Rapids, Ia Frank K. Hahn, N-P. Charlotte, N. C. Chat'nooga, T.. Chester, Pa. Chicago, I Cincinnati, O.. Cleveland, O... Clevel. Hgts., O. Clifton, N. J... Colo.Spgs., Colo. Columbus, Ga.. Columbus, O. Council Blfs, Ia. Covington, Ky Cranston, R. 1. Cumberland, Md Dallas, Texas... E. D. Bass, D. H. H. Canfield, C. M. Wm. Beuttel, Jr., N-P Jack Maynard, C. M. Ernest L. Sprague, R. Harry Irvine, R. W. Rodgers, N-P E. L. Schaible, R. Wm. J. Goss, D. E. A. Ingham, C. M. Geo. W. Welsh, N-P. P. A. Kammeraad, C. M. Alex. Blemenet, N-P... Huger S. King, N-P. C. W. Smedb'g, C. M. F. V. Ferber, R.. C. W. Wright, C. M.. R. H. Sweeney, D.. R. P. Price, C. M. Hammond, Ind. F. R. Martin, D.. 1946, Jan.H'tr'mek, Mich. Walter Kanar, N-P Harrisburg, Pa. H. E. Milliken, R. Hartford, Conn Thos. J. Spellacy, D. Haverhill, Mass. A. W. Glynn, R 1944, Apr. 1943, Ju.y 1940, Mar. 1945, Apr. 1942, Apr. 1945, Nov. Hack'sack, N. J. Hag'stown, Md. Hamilton, Ohio. 1944, Jan. 1943, Apr. 1937, June 1943, Nov. 1946, Jan. 1922 1942, May 1934, July Kno'ville, Tenn. W. W. Mynatt, C. M.. 1943, Apr. Kokomo, Ind... H. G. Freeland, R 1930 La Crosse, Wisc. J. J. Verchota, N-P. 1933, MayLakewood, O... A. I. Kauffman, R. 1944, Jan. Lansing, Mich.. Sam S. Hughes, N-P. 1942, Apr. 1944, Jan. 1940, Jan. 1943, Jan. 1942, Apr. 1943, May 1941, May 1943, May 1944, Sept. 1942, Apr. 1946, Jan. 1943, May 1943, June 1942, Apr. Mark L. Conklin, N-P. T. Ward Havely, D.. William White, C. M. R. O. Johnson, N-P. Chas. E. Moyer, D. F. H. Gentry, D.. C. R. Erickson, C. M. Fletcher Bowron, N-P. Lexington, Ky., Bd. of Commissioners L. E. Lichford, N-P. 1937, June 1942, Sept. 1926 1941, Jan. 1942, Apr. 1944, Jan. 1943, June 1942, Oct. Evanston, Ill. S. G. Ingraham, N-P... 1945, Apr. Evansville, Ind. Wm. H. Dress, D.. 1944, Jan. 1944, Jan. 1944, Jan. 1945, Apr. 1944, Jan. F'nddu Lac, Wis. Leo J. Promen, N-P. Ft. Wayne, Ind. H. W. Baals, R. 1945. Apr. 1943, Jan. 1943, Apr. High'dPk., Mich B. T. Colman, N-P. Hoboken, N. J. 1942, Apr. Houston, Texas. C. A. Pickett, R.. Hunt'ton, W. V. C. V. Swann, N-P. Hu'ton Pk., Cal. Elmer E. Cox, R. Indi'apolis, Ind. R. H. Sullivan, D Inglewood, Cal Raymond V. Darby, Irvington, N. J. H. Kruttschnitt, R. Jackson, Mich.. C. P. Ismon, C. M. Jackson, Miss.. Walter A. Scott, D Dec.Jacks'ville, Fla. John T. Alsop, Jr.. Jame't'wn, N. Y. S. A. Stroth, Prog Jersey Cy., N. J.Frank Hague, D. Johnstown, Pa. John A. Conway, D.. Joliet, Ill.. G. T. Jones, N-P. Monroe, La A. Henry Arp, D H. H. Benoit, N-P. Montclair, N. J. W. E. Speers R.. Nashua, N. H.. N'wburgh, N. Y. N. Castle, Pa... New L'ndon, Ct. New Orle'ns, La. Newport, Ky.. Newport, R. I.. Newp'tNews, V. N.R'chelle, N.Y. New York, N. Y. Niag. Falls, N. Y. Norfolk, Va.... Norwalk, Conn. J. W. Sheedy, C. M... L. G. Broering, N-P. J. C. Biggins, C. M. Oak Park, Ill... R. F. McMaster (Pres.) Ogden, Utah... Okla. City, Okla. R. A. Hefner, D. H. E. Bailey, C. M. Omaha, Nebr.. Dan B. Butler, D Orange, N. J... Ovid C. Bianchi, R. Orlando, Fla. Wm. Beardall, D. Oshkosh, Wisc.. Geo. F. Oaks, N-P Owensboro, Ky. Paducah, Ky... Pierce E. Lackey, D. Pasadena, Cal.. C. W. Koiner, C. M. T. J. Kennedy, D. Passaic, N. J Thos. P. McCoy, D. L. C. Hagler, D Phoenix, Ariz.. Pt. Arthur, Tex. Pt.Huron, Mich.) Portland, Me... Geo. W. Booth, N-P. Portland, Ore..R. E. Riley, N-P. P'rtsmouth, Va. i Providence, R. 1. D. J. Roberts, D Poughkeepsie.. Quincy, Ill. Pueblo, Colo.. B. L. Beaty, Pres. Coun., E. J. Schneidman, R.. T. G. Morris, N-P. Raleigh, N. C.. G. H. Andrews, D. Reading, Pa H. F. Menges, D Racine Wise.. Revere, Mass.. R. E. Carey, N-P. James S. Dean, C. M. 1930, Mar. W. J. Brydges, N-P.. 1943, Apr. C. H. Peterson, C. M. 1940, June 1943, Oct. St. Joseph, Mo. Phil J. Welch, D. 1942, Apr. 1944, Jan. St. Louis, Mo. Wm. Dee Becker, R. 1945, Apr. 1943, Jan. St. Paul, Minn J. J. McDonough, N-P. 1942, June 1943, Jan. St. Pet'sb'g, Fla. 1R.J.McCutcheon,Jr. 1943, July 1940, June Salem, Ore. W. W. Chadwick, N-P.. 1943, Jan. 1944, Jan. S. L. City, Utah Abe Jenkins, R.. 1944, Jan. 1942, June San Antonio, T. C. K. Quin, N-P. 1943, June 1945, May ||San Bernardino. W. C. Secombe, N-P.. 1943, May 1943, Jan. P. J. Benbough N-P. 1943, May {W. W. Cooper, C. M. 1940 Angelo Rossi, N-P. C. B. Goodwin, C. M. P. W. Brunx, N-P. P. J. Maher, N-P C. C. Crawford, N-P. Thomas Gamble, D.. 1942, Apr. San Diego, Cal. San Francisco.. San Jose, Cal... Santa Ana, Cal. Santa Barbara.. Santa Monica. Savannah, Ga. Schenectady. 1944, Jan. Scranton, Pa. 1938, Jan. Seattle, Wash 1943, Jan. Sheboygan, Wis. 1942, Sept. Sioux City, Ia. 1925, JulySioux Falls, S. D. 1944, Jan. Somerville, Mas. 1940, Sept. South Bend, Ind. 1946, Jan.South Gate, Cal. Earl L. Fike, N-P. 1944, Jan. Spartanb'g, S.C. J. L. Thompson, N-P 1924 Spokane, Wash. F. G. Sutherlin, N-P.. 1942, Sept. Springfield, Ill. John W. Kapp, N-P. 1938, Sept. Springf'd, Mass. Roger L. Putnam, D.. 1943, July Springfield, Mo. Harry B. Carr, D 1933, Nov. 1945, Apr. Springfield, O.. Stamford, Ct. Steubenville, O. Superior, Wisc. Syracuse, N. Y Tacoma, Wash. Tampa, Fla... Teaneck, N. J.. Terre Ha'te, Ind. Toledo, Ohio...]{ 1942, Apr. 1944, May 1945, June 1942, Apr. 1944, Jan. 1944, Apr. John H. Voller, N-P. 1944, Jan. A. J. Dillon, C. M... 1940, Jan. Ed. A. Gonnoud, D. 1942, Nov. James T. Welch, D 1944, Jan. F. R. Buechner, C. M. 1941, June Thomas E. Kennedy, R. 1946, Jan. Harry P. Cain, N-P... 1942, June R. E. L. Chancey, D...1943, Nov. Milton G. Votee, N-P 1942. May P. A. Volcker, C. M. 1930, Nov. Jos. P. Duffy, D. 1944, Jan. D. T. Hicks, N-P. C. L. Wood, C. M.. Wheel'g, W. Va. White PI's, N. Y. Wichita, Kan.. W. H. Hitt, D. 1943, June 1941, Apr. 1944, Jan. 1942, Apr. F. B. McGarry, C. M. J. J. Mathison, D. R. L. Plummen, C. M. C. T. S. Fish, R. JJ. I. Dotson, N-P R. E. McClure, C. M. 1941, July W. E. Fitzgeraid, N-P 1942, Apr. Wichita Falls, T. J. B. Miller, C. M...1936, May Williamsp't, Pa. L. C. Williamson, R... 1944, Jan. Wilm'gton, Del. A. W. James, R. Harg. Bellamy, N-P. 1943, July 1943, Jan. Wilm'ton, N. C. J. G. Wallace, C. M.. Winston-Salem R. J. Reynolds, D.. Wdbridge, N. J. Wm. A. Bennett, R.. Wo'ns'cket, R. I. H. A. Roberge, D. 1941, Aug. 1943, May 1944, Jan. 1943, Jan. Worc'ter, Mass. 1944, Jan. 1945, Apr. J. Q. Robinson, D. 1943, May Wy'dott, Mich. L. W. Behm, N-P Yakima, Wash.E. B. Riley, R York, Pa. 1942, Apr. 1944, Jan. H. B. Anstine, R. 1944, Jan. 1929, July 1941, Jan. Youngstown, O. Wm. B. Spagnola, D.. Zanesville, O... Tom V. Moorehead. 1944, Jan. 1946, Jan. ¡S. S. King, C. M. 1940, May 1943. May (1) C. M.-City Manager. Date given is that of appointment. City Financial Statistics of United States Cities Source: World Almanac questionnaires and (*) latest available statistics Akron, Ohio. 20,303 270,000 Alameda, Calif. 2,136 Easton, Pa.*. 1,930 42,790 1,056 Albany, N. Y.. 5,671 Elizabeth, N. J. Albuquerque, N. M 719 Elkhart, Ind.. 363 Alhambra, Calif.. 509 Elmira, N. Y. 1,310 Allentown, Pa. 1,709 El Paso, Tex. 5,864 76,885 1,101 Alton, Ill.*. 363 Elyria, Ohio. 42,280 673 Altoona, Pa.* 1,126 Enid, Okla. 193 Amarillo, Texas. 790 Erie, Pa. 1,902 Amsterdam, N. Y. 2,326 Evanston, Ill. 778 51,090 1,421 Anderson, Ind.. 531 Evansville, Ind. 1,306 Arlington, Mass.. 2,351 Everett, Mass. Asheville, N. C. 807 Everett, Wash. 2,872 10,542 1,132 16,200 463 Fall River, Mass." 5,558 83,301 6,139 Atlanta, Ga. 11,806 248,938 28,918 435 Atlantic City, N. J. 7,394 Fitchburg, Mass. 1,972 40,434 2,560 Auburn, N. Y 1,880 Flint, Mich 5,246 167,935 4,519 30.143 1,717 Fond du Lac, Wisc.. Aurora, Ill. 529 27,037 825 Ft. Smith, Ark. 1,244 Austin, Texas. 5,998 68,327 2,489 Ft. Wayne, Ind. 440 122,650 1,043 Bakersfield, Calif. 164,104 3.379 Baltimore, Md. 1,516 Bangor, Me. 1,090 23,150 1,091 Gadsden, Ala Baton Rouge, La.* 7,020 Battle Creek, Mich. 3,644 17,743 1,447 Bay City, Mich.* 469 35,795 844 Gary, Ind. Bayonne, N. J.* 7,418 Glendale, Calif. Beaumont, Texas. 2,418 Grand Rapids, Mich. 8,439 Belleville, Ill... 16,283 493 Green Bay, Wisc.. 1,283 Belleville, N. J. 1,939 Greensboro, N. C.. 6,455 Bellingham, Wash. Belmont, Mass.. 950 Greenville, S. C.. 1,660 Hackensack, N. J. 762 5,573 544 1,706 Belvedere, Calif.. 19 Hagerstown, Md. 1,331 Berkeley, Calif. 386 Hamilton, Ohio. Berwyn, Ill.. 818 Bethlehem, Pa.*. 4,256 47.483 1,720 Beverly Hills, Calif.. 66,275 939 Harrisburg, Pa.. 1,722 Binghamton, N. Y 5,597 Hartford, Conn. 13,501 Birmingham, Ala.. 2,958 Bloomfield, N. J.. 4,568 58,640 1,416 Hazelton, Pa. 523 Bloomington, Ill.* 2,075 Boston, Mass. 127,744 1,341,137 78,987 Highland Park, Mich. 1,729 Bridgeport, Conn 1,301 Holyoke, Mass." 1,942 3,995 Houston, Texas.. 26,214 255,000 6,768 1,350 136,254 114,673 1,114 240 9,147 569 Burbank, Calif.. 553 Indianapolis, Ind.*. Burlington, Vt.. 878 Inglewood, Calif. 293 7,604 562 Butte, Mont.. 904 47,078 837 Irvington, N. J.. 6,446 68,000 3,997 Camden, N. J. Cambridge, Mass.* 58,984 1,412 23,815 136,500 45,288 1.954 Canton, Ohio. Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Charleston, S. C. Charleston, W. Va.* Charlotte, N. C. Chattanooga, Tenn.. 14.881 112,087 Chelsea, Mass. Chester, Pa.* 2,429 Cheyenne, Wyo.. 1,396 Chicago, Ill. 54.788 18,854 71,451 1,995,828 Chicopee, Mass. 951 Cicero, Ill. 1,700 34,802 36.000 749,886 Cleveland, Ohio.. 84,805 1,210,904 Cleveland Hghts., O.. Lakewood, Ohio. Clifton, N. J. Colo. Spgs., Colo.. 1,699 28.435 2,374 Lansing, Mich 561 89,025 2,073 Columbus, Ga. 2,299 39,400 1,146 Lawrence, Mass.. 4,575 Columbus, Ohio*. 27,208 321,515 3,091 Lexington, Ky Council Bluffs, Ia. 850 Lima, Ohio. 2.807 52,216 1,050 74,368 3,709 Cranston, R. I.. 4,392 67,847 1,663 Little Rock, Ark. Cumberland, Md. 4,362 47.400 Dallas, Texas... Danville, Ill. 52 15,055 412 Los Angeles, Calif. 1,380 Louisville, Ky 131,327 1,281,633 20,635 32,957 308,482 9,395 Davenport, Iowa. 2,004 54,587 926 Lowell, Mass. 3.979 85,550 5,692 Dayton, Ohio. 91,792 995 Dearborn, Mich. 3,715 Lynchburg, Va.. 4,499 Decatur, II. 119,924 6,107 Denver, Colo. 10,139 260,360 8,009 Macon, Ga. 8481 33,000 943 133.856 3,450 Madison, Wise.. Detroit, Mich. 328,886 1,894,196 148,223 Malden, Mass Dubuque, Iowa. 1,078 Duluth, Minn 3.802 34.639 3,645 87,359 3,687 East Chicago, Ind.. 856 86,269 East Cleveland, Ohio East Orange, N. J... E. St. Louis, Ill.*. 341 1,909 55,039 1,292 1,475 The White House Source: An Executive Mansion Official The White House is located on the south side of Pennsylvania Avenue between the Treasury and the State Department Buildings. The buildings and grounds cover an area of about 16 acres. The buildings consist of the mansion, the east and west terraces, and the Executive Office. The main building is about 170 feet long by 85 feet wide. It has four floors. The east and west terraces are one-story structures. The east terrace is about 35 feet wide and 215 feet long extending on the east side of the main building. It is used as an entrance and cloak room for large receptions. The west terrace is about 35 feet wide and 165 feet long extending from the west side of the building. It contains the President's swimming pool and a few small offices for members of the household staff. The Executive Office is a three-story structure about 140 feet long by 100 feet wide at the west end of the west terrace. It was not part of the original design but was added in 1902 to accommodate the office force of the President. In May, 1937. an electric alarm system whereby any of the President's secretaries could call an armed guard at an instant's notice was installed in the Executive Office. The design of the White House proper and the terraces is said to have been suggested by that of the Duke of Leinster's palace in Dublin. It is of the classic style of architecture, and has been much admired by architects. The exterior walls of the building are constructed of light gray sandstone from quarries on Aquia Creek, Virginia, and were painted white in the course of the reconstruction after the fire in 1815. The White House was the first public building erected in Washington, the corner-stone having been laid on October 13, 1792, in the presence of a distinguished company of citizens and officials. which did not, however, include President Washington. The site was selected by Major L'Enfant. the French engineer who prepared the plan for the city, and was approved by Washington. The architect was James Hoban, a native of Ireland who had resided for some years in Charleston, South Carolina. Hoban superintended the original construction, the reconstruction after the burning by the British, and the later construction of the south and north porticos. The White House was first occupied by President and Mrs. John Adams in November, 1800, although some of the interior construction, notably the finish of the East Room, had not been completed at that time. The east and west terraces were constructed during Jefferson's administration. On August 24, 1814. the building was burned by the British forces which had captured Washington, the fire destroying the interior and part of the walls. The work of reconstruction was commenced in the spring of 1815, and President Monroe moved in during December, 1817. The south portico was completed in 1824, and the north portico in 1829. In 1869 the east terrace was entirely removed, but no other important structural changes were made until 1902. except greenhouses on the west terrace. Entrance lobby and main corridor-These rooms have marble floors, and are painted buff and white. Six classic columns mark the separation between the lobby and the corridor. The window hangings are red and a red rug. 70 feet in length. is on the corridor floor. On the east and west walls of the lobby are mirrors reaching from the floor to the ceiling, and in the center of the floor appears the President's seal, in yellow bronze, inlaid in the stone. The East Room-The walls of this room are covered with wood panelling, enameled: the ornamental ceiling is done in stucco; and set in the walls are twelve low relief panels by Piccirilli Brothers. sculptors, the subjects being taken from Aesop's fables. On both the east and west sides of the room are two mantels of colored marble, with mirrors over them. The room is lighted by three crystal chandeliers, and by four bronze standards bearing electric lights, which are placed at the four corners of the room. The window draperies are of heavy crimson silk damask. The floor is oak. The Green Room-The wall covering and curtains in this room are of green silk damask. The white marble mantel, together with that in the Red Room, was originally in the State Dining Room, having been purchased in England when the White House was reconstructed after the fire in 1814. The Blue Room is elliptical in shape and is considered to be rarely beautiful in its proportions. The wall covering above the white enameled wainscoting is of heavy corded blue silk, and the curtains are of the same material. The mantel is of white marble, and the floor is of oak. In this room the President receives foreign diplomats presenting their credentials, and guests at State dinners and receptions. wall covering and hangings of dark red silk damask. The Red Room has a white enameled wainscoting, and an oak floor. The white marble mantel is a duplicate of that in the Green Room. dinners and luncheons, and can seat comfortably The State Dining Room is used for all large 100 guests. The walls from floor to ceiling are of paneled and carved oak, and the window curtains are of green velvet. The ceiling. in stucco. is elaborately decorated. The chimney piece is of stone, and the chandelier and wall branches are silver. The Private Dining Room has a vaulted ceiling, white enameled wainscoting, and walls paneled in plaster. The mantel is of marble, with a mirror over it copied from one belonging to the White House period. The second and third floors are devoted to the family and guests of the President. Restoration of Colonial Williamsburg Source: Colonial Williamsburg, Incorporated can Revolution; the reconstructed Raleigh Tavern where the House of Burgesses met after being dissolved by the Royal Governors and where many other political and social events of historical im The restoration of Williamsburg, the eighteenth century capital of the Virginia colony, by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., was undertaken more than ten years ago as an endeavor to restore accurately and to preserve for all time the most significant por-portance occurred; the Public Gaol, a restored tions of an historic and important city of America's colonial period. The main street of the city, Duke of Gloucester Street (which extends seven-eighths of a mile from the grounds of the College of William & Mary to the reconstructed colonial Capitol) and the greens and square bordering this historic thoroughfare comprise the area of restoration. The restored area includes the original grounds of the college, which, next to Harvard is the oldest in the country; also the Court House Green, Market Square, Palace Green and Capitol Square. In recreating the colonial capital, 572 buildings of modern construction have been razed, 77 colonial buildings have been repaired or restored, 188 have been reconstructed, 39 buildings designed for commercial uses have been erected and more than two-score of old gardens have been restored or reconstructed. Among the important exhibition buildings of the Restoration which are open to the public are: The Governor's Palace, with its rare collection of antique furniture and furnishings and its extensive eighteenth century English type gardens; the Capitol, a duplicate of the original structure erected in 1699-1705, which was the scene of dramatic legislative struggles preceding the Ameri prison erected in 1701-1704; the restored Court House of 1770 which contains an unique archaeological exhibit of colonial glass, china, hardware, utensils and building materials recovered in excavating more than one hundred foundations in Williamsburg; the restored Ludwell-Paradise House, 1717-1719, one of the notable houses in the city which now contains Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s collection of American Folk Art; the restored Market Square Tavern and the Travis House. The George Wythe House, with its extensive gardens and outbuildings, has recently been restored and furnished in contemporary antiques, and is one of the Restoration exhibition buildings. Originally the home of George Wythe, signer of the Declaration of Independence and professor of the first American law course, the house was used Washington's headquarters prior to the siege of Yorktown. The Craft House, adjoining the Williamsburg Inn, is the display headquarters of the official craft program developed by the Restoration, and also houses the information office. Five Craft Shops, the Ayscough Shop, the Deane Shop and Forge, the Sign of the Golden Ball, the Wigmaker's Shop and the Bootmaker's Shop-in all of which costumed artisans work at eighteenth century hand trades are now open to the public. as |