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$800, and found that the "said administrator should be permitted to correct and amend the same (the item in question) in his said account so as to conform to the facts as proven at the hearing on appeal."

[1] From the record, it appears that the issue tried in the district court was materially different from that tried in the probate court, and that the court permitted the issue to be amended in the district court. Upon as the district an appeal from the probate court in a matter of probate, the matter must be tried de novo, and in trying the matter de novo, the district court acts in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction and not in the exercise of its original jurisdiction.

The following appears court's fourth conclusion of law:

"That said administrator should have leave and he is hereby granted leave to correct and amend said item of his account, by striking out the words: 'Paid A. M. Colwell, for performance of annual labor in Tormey group for 1916,' and inserting in the place thereof the words: "To moneys laid out and expended and

paid to A. M. Colwell for protecting the title to and possession of the estate of, in, and to the Tormey group of mining claims, such correction and amendment being proper and conformable to the facts proved at the hearing on this appeal.'"

[2] This court held in Estate of McVay, 14 Idaho, 64, 93 Pac. 31 (on rehearing), that— "Amendments should not be allowed in the

district court on appeal from the probate court in a probate matter."

In that case, the court further said:

"In other words, the statute, under the Constitution, grants to the district court appellate jurisdiction to retry only the same issues The judgment of the district court is in of law and fact as were heard and determined part as follows: by the probate court."

Upon the authority of this court's statement of the law in the opinion on rehearing

"That all that part of the order or judgment of said probate court of Lemhi county, state of Idaho, made and entered February 8, A. D. 1921, from which this appeal was taken, reject-in Estate of McVay, supra, relative to the ing in part the item of $800 claimed as a credit amendment of a pleading in the district - in the account of said administrator for moneys court in a probate matter on appeal from paid to A. M. Colwell for performance of an- the probate court, that portion of the judgnual labor and assessment work on the said ment of the district court appealed from, alTormey group of mining claims, and reducing lowing the full sum of $800 claimed by the the same from $800 to $400, be and the same administrator in the item in question in the is hereby reversed and set aside, and the word-place of the allowance of $400 by the probate ing of said item in said account be amended to court, is reversed. Costs to appellants.

conform to the facts so proved at the hearing on appeal, and that when so amended, as aforesaid, said item be and the same is allowed for the full amount claimed, to wit, $800."

BUDGE, C. J., and McCARTHY, DUNN, and WILLIAM A. LEE, JJ., concur.

(220 P.)

JOHNSON v. GIBSON et al.

F. Gibson, and Annie B. Gibson and Harry Perdue, are defendants in error, and is consolidated with case No. 11439, being case

SAME v. FIRST NAT. BANK OF BROKEN No. 3682 in the lower court, wherein S. L.

ARROW et al.

(Nos. 11438, 11439.)

(Supreme Court of Oklahoma. July 17, 1923. Rehearing Denied Nov. 13, 1923.)

(Syllabus by the Court.)

1. Estoppel 68 (2)—Litigant successfully assuming a certain position not permitted to change to prejudice of one who has acquiesced therein.

Where one voluntarily assumes a certain position in a legal proceeding, and succeeds in maintaining that position, he will not thereafter, because his interests have changed, be permitted to assume a contrary position, to the prejudice of a party who acquiesced in the position formerly taken by him. 2. Appeal and error

154(1)—Recognition by appellant of validity of judgment a waiver of right to appeal.

Any act on the part of the appellant, by which he recognizes the validity of a judgment against him, either expressed or implied, operates as a waiver to appeal therefrom or to bring error to reverse it.

3. Estoppel 92 (2)-Judgment

744-One cannot deny validity of a contract under which he claimed and received benefits; judgment creditor held not entitled to deny validity of judgment after having accepted benefits thereof.

Johnson was plaintiff and Kelly F. Gibson and First National Bank were defendants, and in this court S. L. Johnson is plaintiff in error and Kelly F. Gibson and First National Bank of Broken Arrow, Okl., defendants in error.

It seems to be conceded that the opinion in case No. 11439 will be governed by the opinion in case No. 11438; and in 11439 there was a suit instituted by the plaintiff in error, Johnson, against Kelly F. Gibson and the First National Bank of Broken Arrow, defendants, in which the plaintiff in error, Johnson, alleges that he and the defendant Gibson entered into a contract to handle a certain piece of real property upon the condition that they would sell the oil rights in the property for $22,000, and that they would buy the property for $20,000. and thus make, as a profit the fee-simple title to the property and $2,000 in cash. Pursuant to this contract and agreement the deal was consummated and the title to the property was taken in the name of Kelly F. Gibson, and the papers were all placed in his name, and payments were made to the First National Bank of Broken Arrow. Gibson and Johnson also consummated the deal whereby they sold to one Freeman the mineral interest in and to said lands for $22,000, and then they

One cannot claim under and receive the paid the owner of the land, Anderson, the

benefits of a contract, and then be heard to deny the validity of the same.

Commissioners' Opinion, Division No. 3. Appeal from District Court, Wagoner County; Benjamin B. Wheeler, Judge.

Separate actions by the First National Bank of Broken Arrow against S. L. Johnson and others and by S. L. Johnson against Kelly F. Gibson and another. Judgment for plaintiff in the first-mentioned case, and defendant S. L. Johnson appeals, and from a judgment for plaintiff in the latter case he appeals. Cases consolidated on appeal. Judgment affirmed in the first-mentioned case, and appeal dismissed in the latter case. J. S. Severson, of Tulsa, for plaintiff in

error.

Z. I. J. Holt, of Ada, and John C. Graves, of Wagoner, for defendants in error.

sum of $20,000, as agreed upon. Thereafter the plaintiff, Johnson, requested Gibson to give him a deed to his one-half interest in the property, and to pay him his $1,000 in money, which was profit over and above the $20,000. The defendant Gibson in his answer denies that the agreement had been made, as set forth in the petition, denies that the plaintiff had any interest in the proposition at all, but admits that the transaction, as set forth in the petition, did occur.

This suit was instituted on the 21st day of October, 1918, and subsequent thereto, on the 2d day of May, 1919, the matter came on to be heard, and, after the introduction of evidence, the matter being tried to the court, the court found for the plaintiff for one-half of the tract of land and for $1,000, his one-half interest in the $2,000 profit, and in addition thereto found that the defendant Gibson had collected $380 rents on the property, and that he had borrowed $3,000 on JONES, C. In this opinion case No. 11438, said land, and executed a mortgage covering being case No. 3899 in the lower court, same to secure the payment of the said $3,wherein the First National Bank of Broken 000 and the defendant Gibson had made a Arrow, Okl., was plaintiff and Kelly F. Gib-contract of sale with one Perdue, by which son, S. L. Johnson, Harry Perdue, and Annie he was to receive the sum of $4,500 for the B. Gibson were defendants, and in this court fee-simple title to said land, and received S. L. Johnson is plaintiff in error, First $500 cash payment on said contract, to which National Bank of Broken Arrow, Okl., Kelly judgment of the court the defendant Gibson

For other cases see same topic and KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests and Indexes

excepted, filed a motion for new trial, which I terest in and to said premises; the said was overruled, and from which order of court Johnson claims an individual one-half inhe prayed an appeal, but failed to perfect the same. Thereafter, on the 16th day of January, 1920, the plaintiff in error, S. L. Johnson, filed a motion in the district court to correct the journal entry entered on the 2d day of May, 1919, and on hearing of the motion the court denied the same, but the court, on its own motion, entered a nunc pro tunc as of the 2d day of May, 1919, correcting the journal entry in the case of that date. And, so far as we are able to determine, the only difference in the original journal entry and the corrected journal entry, so far as any contention is made, is the insertion of the following provision:

“Plaintiff is hereby given and awarded joint possession of said premises with defendant Kelly F. Gibson, and joint control of same. The title, possession and control of the plaintiff Johnson, is subject to whatever liens were created by the transaction hereinabove set out."

And the corrected judgment carries the same judgment as the original judgment, the substance of which is found in the following paragraph, which is contained in both judgments:

"The court further finds that the defendant has collected the $2,000 paid to the defendant the First National Bank, and said bank's connection with said transaction as escrow holder therein has terminated; that defendant Gibson has mortgaged said land for $3,000, and collected the rents for the year 1919, the sum of $350, and has executed a contract of sale of said land, and has collected the sum of $500 on said contract; there is due to plaintiff one-half of all said sums so realized by the defendant, to wit, $2,925."

The court evidently felt that, having rendered judgment in behalf of the plaintiff Johnson for one-half of all moneys received by the defendant Gibson in his dealings and transactions pertaining to said land, if the plaintiff Johnson should take and receive such benefits he likewise would assume his one-half of the liability of the incumbrance placed upon said land by the defendant Gib

son.

terest therein, under the judgment secured
by him in a civil action in the district court
of Wagoner county, Okl., against the de-
fendant Gibson, wherein he also secured a
money judgment, which was made a lien
against the interest of the defendant Gibson
in and to said lands, and the defendant Per-
due claims an interest by reason of a quit-
claim deed of conveyance from Kelly F.
Gibson and wife. And plaintiff alleges that
all the claims, interest, and rights of the
various defendants are junior, inferior, and
subject to the rights and interest of this
plaintiff, and prays for judgment on said
note and foreclosure of the mortgage se-
Johnson, plaintiff in error herein, filed his
curing same, to which petition the defendant
separate answer, and denies all the allega-
tions of plaintiff's petition, except such as
are admitted, and states that he is not ad-
vised as to whether or not the defendant
Kelly F. Gibson executed the note sued up-
on, and therefore can neither affirm nor deny
the said act of the said Kelly F. Gibson,
denies that same was executed for value, but
alleges that, if same was made, it was made
for the purpose of covering up and keeping
the fact from the general public; that the
said Gibson owned the land described in
said petition. And for further answer and
cross-petition against the plaintiff the de-
fendant Johnson alleges all of the facts re-
lating to his connection with the said Kelly
F. Gibson in the sale and purchase of the
Anderson land, and avers that he is entitled
to a one-half interest in and to said prop-
erties, and a one-half interest in the profits
derived by reason of the conveyance of the
mineral rights to said Freeman for $22,000.
And he further alleges that all of the papers
were delivered to the plaintiff bank, and
that said bank was familiar with all the ne-
gotiations and transactions pertaining to
said matters, and therefore had knowledge
of all of said transactions and of the in-
terest of the defendant S. L. Johnson in
and to said land and the profits derived
therefrom, and further alleges that he filed
suit in the district court of Wagoner coun-
ty for the purpose of enforcing his rights
under said contract, said suit being No.
3682, styled "S. L. Johnson v. Kelly F. Gib-
son and the First National Bank of Broken
Arrow, defendants," same being case No.
11439, heretofore referred to, now pending
in this court and consolidated with this case,
and that at the trial of said case he was

Case No. 11438, consolidated with this case, is one wherein the First National Bank of Broken Arrow sues the defendant Kelly F. Gibson, and makes S. L. Johnson, J. H. Perdue, and Annie B. Gibson codefendants, on a note secured by mortgage covering the lands in controversy for $3.000, together with interest and attorney's fee, said note and mortgage being executed on the 17th day of Oc-awarded an undivided one-half interest in tober, 1918, to one S. L. Hurd, who had prior and to the lands in controversy and in adto the institution of this suit assigned said dition thereto judgment for the sum of $2,note and mortgage to the plaintiff bank, and 925 and the costs of said case, and was given further alleges in his petition that the other a lien on the one-half interest awarded to defendants, S. L. Johnson and J. H. Perdue, Kelly F. Gibson, in order to make certain are each claiming some right, title, and in-payment on the judgment, as aforesaid, said

(220 P.)

The only contention urged by the plaintiff in error is that the trial court committed error in rendering judgment for a greater amount than asked for in plaintiff's petition, and because it passed on issues not raised by the pleadings, in that it rendered judgment for the plaintiff Johnson for one-half of the $3,000 secured by the defendant in error Gibson under the mortgage, and for one-half of the rents and for one-half of the $500 received by the said Gibson under contract of sale to Perdue, items which were not raised under the pleadings, and cites the case of Rogers v. Bass & Harbour Co., 47 Okl. 786, 150 Pac. 706, and numerous other authorities laying down the rule that

judgment being filed in said court on the placed upon the lands in controversy by said 17th day of October, 1918, and prior to the Gibson; and judgment was rendered in case making of the note and mortgage herein No. 11438, being case No. 3899 in the lower sued upon, and attached a copy of the judg-court, on January 16, 1920, the same day on ment referred to, and makes it a part of which the corrected judgment was filed for his answer and cross-petition. The defend-record. ant S. L. Johnson further states that in said cause of action the defendant First National Bank of Broken Arrow, Okl., who is plaintiff in this case filed its answer in which it specifically set out that it claimed no right, title, or interest in and to the matters in controversy; that the said court had jurisdiction of all matters in controversy in said case, as well as matters admitted or which could be adjudicated in said case; and that said plaintiff, First National Bank, did not at said time claim any interest under said mortgage as against the defendant S. L. Johnson, the same should have been disclosed to the court, and said plaintiff is therefore barred from claiming or asserting any interest or right adverse to this defendant as to any interest the defendant Johnson had at that time, or any interest he obtained by said judgment, in or to the land in controversy in this case. He further states that if the plaintiff bank has any claim or interest against the defendant Kelly F. Gibson it is junior and inferior to the rights of the de

fendant Johnson.

The plaintiff in error, Johnson, further alleges in his answer, in substance:

"That the bank of Broken Arrow is the trustee of the defendant in error Gibson, and, he verily believes, holds and controls large sums of money and property belonging to the said Gibson, and prays that the court require the bank to make an accounting for the purpose of showing the financial condition of the said Gibson,"

and further avers that:

"He verily believes that the said Gibson has funds and assets in and under the control of said bank to the extent of more than $40,000, and prays that, upon final adjudication of this matter, should it be found that the bank is the trustee, and has funds under its control belonging to said Gibson, it be required to pay into this court the sum of $2,925, and $50 addition al as costs in settlement of the judgment heretofore pleaded in this case held by the said Johnson against Kelly F. Gibson."

This is a substantial statement of the facts as disclosed by the pleadings, and we find little, if any, conflict in the testimony as to the facts in this case. The record discloses that the judgment in case No. 11439, which was case No. 3682 in the lower court, and the first one filed and tried-that judgment was rendered in same on May 2, 1919, and on January 16, 1920, the judgment referred to as a correction of former judgment was filed, correcting same to the extent that the plaintiff Johnson was charged with the liability incurred by reason of the incumbrance 220 P.-4

"A judgment which is entirely outside of any issue made by the pleadings * * is a nullity."

error

This is a correct rule of law, but, from an examination of many of the authorities cited, we find that it is applied in cases where the judgment has been rendered, including issues not raised by the pleadings, to which the complaining party objected to at the time of the rendition of the judgment, and objected to the introduction of the evidence on the issues, which was outside of the pleadings, and in such cases we think the rule should apply. But in this case the plaintiff in error, Johnson, is complaining of an which he himself led the court into, and is complaining of a judgment in his own behalf, from which he gave no notice of appeal, and in fact took no appeal from, at the time of its rendition, and in the appeal taken from the order of the court, when entering the nunc pro tunc order, when correcting or modifying the judgment, he only complains of a portion of the judgment, and, furthermore, he relied upon the judgment, and accepts the same, in that he pleads it as a valid subsisting judgment in case No. 11439 in this court, and in his prayer for relief asks that the defendant in error, the bank of Broken Arrow, be required to pay same, and, in view of these facts and conditions, we are of the opinion that the authorities cited and the rule contended for are not applicable, and find that the plaintiff in error is now estopped from further urging his appeal, for the reason that he has accepted the benefits of the judgment and acquiesced in same, is correct. And in support of this contention numerous authorities are cited.

[1] In the case of Territory v. Cooper, 11 Okl. 699, 69 Pac. 813; the court said:

"Where one voluntarily assumes a certain position in a legal proceeding, and succeeds in maintaining that position, he will not there

after, because his interests have changed, be permitted to assume a contrary position, to the prejudice of a party who acquiesced in the position formerly taken by him."

[2] And in Elliott v. Urton (Okl. Sup.) 171 Pac. 1110, L. R. A. 1918E, 103, the court states:

"A party who voluntarily acquiesces in or ratifies, either partially or in toto, a judgment against him, cannot appeal from it. Any act on the part of the appellants by which they impliedly recognize the validity of the judgment below against them operates as a waiver of the appeal therefrom or to bring error to reverse it, * and thereupon motion to dismiss such * * * appeal on account of such action, being timely filed, should as to such appellants be sustained and their appeal dismissed."

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The same rule is laid down in the case of Lohr & Trapnell v. H. W. Johns-Manville Co., 64 Okl. 79, 166 Pac. 124; and in the case of City of Lawton v. Ayres, 40 Okl. 524, 139 Pac. 963; the following rule is laid down, which is taken from 2 Cyc. 656f:

"The rule is, 'that any act on the part of the defendant by which he impliedly recognizes the validity of a judgment against him operates as a waiver to appeal therefrom, or to bring error to reverse it."

In the case of Barnes v. Lynch, 9 Okl. 11, 59 Pac. 995, the court says:

"No rule is better settled than that the right to appeal may be waived by acts of the party which are inconsistent with the assertion of that right. A party who voluntarily acquiesces in or ratifies, either partially or in toto, a judgment against him, cannot appeal from it."

[3] The plaintiff in error in this case accepted the judgment at the time it was entered, and raised no question as to the validity of same, or any part thereof, until eight months later, at which time he filed a motion in which he moves for judgment nunc pro tunc, in which he asks for the modification of same, and offers to make a remittitur of a portion of the judgment rendered in his favor. This was a ratification of a portion of the judgment, and he had formerly pleaded the same in case No. 11438, and asked that the moneys be paid into court for the purpose of settling the judgment. This certainly was a ratification, and we think, under all the facts and circumstances surrounding this case, the plaintiff in error is now estopped from questioning the validity of the judgment. We therefore dismiss the appeal of plaintiff in error, in case No. 11439. And, in view of the dismissal of plaintiff in error's appeal, which leaves the judgment of the trial court in full force and effect, this disposes, we think, of the question raised in case No. 11438. The court having sustained the judgment of the lower court, which found

that the plaintiff in error, Johnson, and the
defendant in error Gibson were partners in
their joint efforts and in their connections
and associations in the matter here in con-
troversy, and the judgment finding that John-
son was entitled to participate in one-half
of all revenues and funds received by the
said Gibson in connection with the lands in
controversy, and further finding that plain-
tiff in error, Johnson, should take his inter-
est in the lands subject to whatever incum-
brance that may have been placed thereon
by his partner, Gibson, and the plaintiff in
error, Johnson, having received the benefits
of the transaction had by Gibson, and there-
by recognizing the mortgage given by Gibson,
would now be estopped from raising the ques-
tion of the validity of same. And conse-
quently it would follow that the judgment of
the trial court in rendering judgment in
favor of the bank of Broken Arrow, and
against Gibson, Johnson, and Perdue, in
which it rendered judgment for the face of
the note, together with interest and attor-
ney's fee, as provided therefor, and foreclos-
ing the mortgage, is a correct adjudication
of the issues raised in that case. The same
is therefore affirmed.

HALL v. BLACK. (No. 11377.) (Supreme Court of Oklahoma. June 19, 1923. Rehearing Denied Nov. 6, 1923.) (Syllabus by the Court.)

1. Statutory provisions.

Section 3982, Compiled Oklahoma Statutes 1921: "Any person employed in feeding, grazing or herding any domestic animals, whether in pasture or otherwise, shall have a lien on said animals for the amount due for such feeding, grazing or herding."

2. Animals 26(5)-Replevin lies to enforce lien for pasturing cattle.

Where A. contracts with B. for the pasturing of certain cattle at a stipulated sum set forth in the written contract, and B. drives off the cattle and refuses to pay, A. may bring replevin for the amount due under the contract and to enforce his lien.

3. Animals 26 (1)—Statutory lien for feeding not dependent on possession.

The lien provided for by our statute is not designated as the possessory lien, nor is it by the terms of the statute dependent upon possession, but is remedial in its nature, and should be construed in favor of the class for whose protection it was enacted.

4. Liens 16-Intention to waive lien not presumed in absence of evidence tending to show such intention.

An intention to waive a lien will not be presumed in the absence of evidence tending to show such intention, and whether or not a particular transaction amounts to release of

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