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26. Jane, daughter of James Young, Esq. of Rotterdam, some time Provost of Aberdeen, in her 15th year. This amiable young lady, while on an afternoon visit to a friend who had bathing quarters a few miles south of Aberdeen, was, with some of her companions, amusing herself among the rocks on the sea side, when, by her foot slipping, she was unfortunately precipitated into a pool of water, which had been deposited by the flowing tide. Some little time elapsed before assistance could be given, when the body was taken out lifeless.

27. At Southerton Cottage, near Kirkaldy, Mrs Rintoul.

28. At Calder Manse, the Rev. Alex. Grant, in the 85th year of his age. Mr Grant was 48 years minister of Calder.

-Lady Banks, relict of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart.

At Edinburgh, William, infant son of Robert Dunlop, Esq. writer to the signet.

30. At Blackness, John Rankine, studert of law in Edinburgh, son of John Rankine of Loanrig, bookseller, Falkirk. Having gone there on a visit to his father's family, he was unfortunately drowned while bathing in the river Forth.

-At Padstow, Cornwall, aged 28, after a protracted illness, Charlotte, daughter of the late Thomas Rowlings, Esq. of Saunders Hill, in the same country.

- At Banff, Mrs James Duff, aged 81 years. Zorayda, youngest daughter of the late Thomas Newton, Esq. of Clapham Common, Surrey, Warwick Square, London.

July 1. At Rankeillour, General the Hon. Charles Hope of Craighall.

-At Rothsay, Isle of Bute, Miss Caroline Engelhart.

2. At Minto Street, Newington, aged 15, Jessie, youngest daughter of Alexander Lawric, Esq. deputy-inspector of army hospitals.

-At Paris, Captain Thomas Hay, on half-pay of the 43d Regiment of Light Infantry.

3. At Twickenham, Eleanora Countess of Uxbridge. Her Ladyship was the second daughter of Colonel and Lady Charlotte Campbell, and niece to the Duke of Argyll.

4. At Camberwell Grove, Anne, the youngest child of William Scott, Esq. of the Stock Exchange, London.

-At London, Lieut.-Gen. John Richardson. 5. At Wellington Street, North Leith, Captain Alfred Thomson, Royal Artillery.

-At No. 8, Scotland Street, Mary, youngest daughter of the late William Callender, Esq.

6. At Bogner, in Sussex, Lieut.-General John Macintyre, late of the Hon. East India Company's Service.

7. At Currie, Mr John Thomson, many years parochial schoolmaster there.

-At Cromarty House, Colonel Colin D. Graham, K.W.O. Lieut.-Governor of St Maws. - At Glenkin, Argyllshire, David Harkness, Esq. of Clarhaig.

At St John's, New Brunswick, North America, Mrs Hannah K. Burn, wife of Mr Macintosh, general merchant, Frederickton, and eldest daughter of Mr James Burn, Mint, Edinburgh.

- At Toftscombs, near Biggar, James Gladstone, Esq.

8. At Biggar, Mrs Margaret Carmichael, relict of Dr Brydon, minister of Dalton.

-At Edinburgh, John Young, Esq. W. S. 9. At London, Charlotte, Countess Dowager of Suffolk and Berkshire, in her 75th year.

-At London, Duncan Forbes Duff, younger of Muirtoun.

10. At Edenbank, Canaan, aged 74, Miss Elizabeth Drummond, daughter of the late Mr Ralph Drummond, minister of Cranshaws, Berwickshire.

-At Joppa, near Portobello, Mrs Lillias Cross, relict of A. Carmichael, Esq. writer, Edinburgh.

At Portobello, James Tait, Esq. royal navy. 13. At No. 11, Queen street, the infant son of Mr M. Fletcher, advocate.

At Edinburgh, Mr G. B. Morton, late accountant of excise.

-At Arbuthnot House, the Hon. Isabella Arbuthnot, daughter of the Viscount of Arbuth

not.

14. At his father's house, Perth, Thos. Graham Sidey, Esq. aged 27 years.

-At Newmarket, the Right Hon. C. Wyndham, brother to the Earl of Egremont.

15. At Belfast, the Rev. W. D. H. M'Ewan, minister of the Second Presbyterian Congregation of Belfast, Lecturer on Elocution in the Institution, &c.

-At No. 1 Great Stuart Street, West, Edinburgh, Mrs John Muir, jun.

16. At Gills Cottage, near Coleraine, aged 55, Mrs Christian Boswell, widow of Mr Alexander Walker, S.S.C. Edinburgh.

17. In Saville Row, London, Sir Patrick Macgregor, Bart. Sergeant Surgeon to the King, VicePresident of the Royal College of Surgeons, &c.

19. At his apartments. Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Mr William Caddell Macdonald, surgeon, and for upwards of twenty years apothecary to that institution.

20. At Paris House, Perthshire, Miss Hay of Paris.

- At Derwent Lodge, Keswick, Sir Frederick Trise Morshead, of Tranent Park, Cornwall, and Derwent Lodge, Cumberland.

21. At the Palace at Lambeth, his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury. His Grace, who was in his seventy-sixth year, had been indisposed for some time past, but had only been confined to the house for the last ten days. Immediately after the decease of his Grace, his son, the Speaker of the House of Commons, was sent for, and arrived very shortly. His Grace, besides being Primate of all England, and Metropolitan, was a Lord of Trade and Plantations, and official Trustee of the British Museum, a Governor of the Charter House, and Visitor of All Souls and Merton Colleges, Oxford. He was cousin to the Duke of Rutland and brother to Lord Manners.

22. At his house in London, at the advanced age of 88, Lord Viscount Melburne. He is succeeded in his title and estates by his eldest son the Right Hon. William Lamb, late Secretary for Ireland.

At No. 8, Pitt Street, Mrs Margaret Morrison, aged 80 years.

At Brompton, near London, Colonel Davidson, late of the 15th regiment of foot.

24. At his house in Heriot Row, LieutenantColonel George Hutchison, late of the Hon. East India Company's Service.

-At Clifton, Grace, third daughter of the Very Reverend Dr Jack, Principal of the University and King's College of Aberdeen.

25. At Greenock, Mr W. Begg, late surgeon in Edinburgh.

28. At Peebles, Mrs Margaret Bookless, wife of Mr James Spalding, nurseryman there.

- At Edinburgh, Miss Janet Wood, daughter of the late Thomas Wood, Esq. surgeon, Edinburgh.

29. James Cuff, of Deal Castle, Esq. M. P. 30. Mr Alexander Colston, painter, Edinburgh. Aug. 1. At her house, Doune Terrace, Miss Magdalene Erskine, the youngest daughter of the late John Erskine, Esq. of Dun.

28. At her house, George Square, Miss Christian Scott, daughter of the deceased Hugh Scott, Esq. of Gala, in her 93d year.

Lately. At Paris, of aneurism of the heart, the Duke de San Carlos, Ambassador from Spain to France.

-At Rownhams, Hants, the Hon. Mrs Colt, widow of Oliver Colt, Esq. of Auldhame, in the 97th year of her age.

At Glasgow, the Rev. John Campbell, minister of the United Secession Church in Nicholson Street, Laurieston, of Glasgow.

At his seat, Kirtlington Park, Oxfordshire, Sir Henry Watkin Dashwood, Bart. in his 834 year. Sir Henry sat in eight successive Parliaments, as one of the representatives for the borough of New Woodstock, but retired on account of his advanced age, at the general election in 1820.

Lately. Near Torgau, of an apoplectic fit, the Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar. He was born September 3, 1757, and cominenced his reign Sep. tember 3, 1775.

- At Windsor, of apoplexy, Lieut.-General George Lewis, of the Royal Artillery.

Lately. At Leghorn, Mrs Colonel Colquhit, widow of Colonel Colquhit of the Guards, and youngest sister of Mr Wallace of Kelly.

-In Park Street, London, in her 87th year, the Hon. Anne Robertson, sister of the late Lord Grantham.

-In Weymouth Street, London, Margaret, wife of James Walker, Esq. collector of Customs at Berbice, formerly of Edinburgh.

- At Bath, in the 91st year of her age, Mrs

Ricketts, widow of William Ricketts, Esq. mother of the Viscount St Vincent and Countess of Northesk.

Lately. At Oldham Common, Birton, aged 108, Samuel Haynes. He has left a widow two years older than himself; also four daughters, all widows, and 22 grand-children, 29 great-grand-children, and two great-great-grand-children.

-At 12 Dundas Street, George Macgachen, Esq. advocate.

PROFESSOR DUGALD STEWART.

June 10. At No. 5, Ainslie Place, where he had been residing for some time past, Dugald Stewart, Esq. formerly Professor of Moral Philosophy in the College of Edinburgh. In announcing the death of so illustrious an individual, though it may seem to be some alleviation that he has filled up the term of human existence, yet when we consider his character, moral as well as intellectual, his private worth, his amiable qualities, his splendid talents, the mind is overborne by the sudden impression of o great a calamity, and yields to emotions which could have no place under the ordinary dispensations of humanity. For a period of more than 30 or 40 years the name of Mr Stewart has adorned the literature of his country; and it is pleasing to remark, as a striking evidence of the influence of private worth, to what a high de gree of distinction he attained in society, though he lived in academical retirement, without official influence or dignity of any sort. It is well known that he devoted his life to the prosecution of that science of which Dr Reid was the founder, but which was little known or attended to, until its great doctrines were expounded by Mr Stewart in that strain of copious and flowing eloquence for which he was distinguished, and which, by divesting it of every thing abstruse and repulsive, rendered it popular, and recommended it to the attention of ordinary readers. But greatly as he distinguished himself in his works, he was even more eminent as a public teacher. He was fluent, animated, and impressive; in his manner there was both grace and dignity. In some of his finest passages he kindled into all the fervour of extemporaneous eloquence, and we believe, indeed, that

these were frequently the unpremeditated effusions of his mind. His success corresponded to his merits. He commanded in an uncommon degree the interest and attention of his numerous class; and no teacher, we believe, ever before completely succeeded in awakening in the minds of his admiring pupils, that deep and ardent love of science, which in many cases, was never afterwards effaced. Mr Stewart's life was devoted to literature and science. He had acquired the most extensive information, as profound as it was exact, and he was, like many, or we may rather say like all, great philosophers, distinguished by the faculty of memory to a surprising degree, by which we do rot, of course, mean that sort of mechanical memory frequently to be seen in weak minds, which remembers every thing indiscriminately, what is trifling as well as what is important, but that higher faculty, which is connected with, and depends on a strong and comprehensive judgment, which, looking abroad from its elevation on the various field of knowledge, sees the exact position and relation of every fact, to the great whole of which it forms a part; and exactly estimating its importance, retains all that is worth retaining, and throws away what is useless. For this great quality of a philosophical mind, Mr Stewart was remarkable; and he dispensed his stores of knowledge either for instruction or amusement, as suited the occasion, in the most agreeable manner. He was of a most companionable disposition, and was endeared to the social circle of his friends as much by his mild and beneficent character, which was entirely free from every taint of jealousy or envy, as he was admired for his talents.

DR ANDREW

July 5. At Edinburgh, Dr Andrew Duncan, senior, aged 83, Professor of Theory of Medicine in the University of Edinburgh, and first Physician to his Majesty for Scotland.

Dr Duncan was a native of this city, and an alumnus of the University of St Andrews, where he was a contemporary of several eminent persons, who afterwards made a distinguished figure in society, and whose friendship formed one of the chief pleasures of his life. Both there and in the course of his subsequent medical studies in Edinburgh, he displayed a degree of energy and zeal, which afforded a promise of future eminence, and he joined to an ardour in his professional pursuits a sincere love of classical literature, which he retained unimpaired to the latest period of his life.

On the death of Dr John Gregory, Professor of the Theory of Medicine, in 1773, a gentleman having been appointed to succeed him, who was absent from the country, Dr Duncan was chosen to supply the temporary vacancy, and he accordingly taught the class, and delivered, at the same time, the usual course of clinical lectures, till the end of the summer session 1776, when Dr James Gregory having been finally appointed to the chair formerly held by his father, Dr Duncan's connexion with the University was for the time suspended.

After his temporary connexion with the University, Dr Duncan continued for 14 years to deliver private courses of lectures on the theory and

DUNCAN.

practice of medicine, with increasing reputation and success; and in 1790, on the accession of Dr James Gregory to the chair of the Practice, he was appointed joint Professor of the Theory or Institutions of Medicine, along with Dr Cullen, who had resigned the Practice.

In 1807, he brought forward a scheme for the erection and endowment of an hospital for lunatics in Edinburgh. After many delays, an establishment was commenced at Morningside, under the sanction of a Royal Charter, which, although not perhaps equal to some others instituted under more favourable circumstances, is at least infinitely superior to any institution of the kind previously existing in Edinburgh or its neighbourhood.

In 1809, Dr Duncan projected, and by his indefatigable exertions, soon succeeded in establishing the Horticultural Society of Edinburgh.

To his latest days he retained all the desire of promoting every useful object, together with an energy and a firmness of purpose not exceeded by that of many in the meridian of life. There is hardly an institution projected for the benefit of our city and country to which his name will not be found as a contributor. It is not our object here to speak of him in the private relations of life; but in regard to these it is sufficient to say, that those who had the best opportunities of knowing and observing his conduct, will entertain the highest opinion of his character, and the most exalted respect for his memory.

EDINBURGH

PRINTED BY BALLANTYNE AND COMPANY, PAUL'S WORK, CANONGATE.

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THE Catholic Question has assumed an aspect which compels us once more to give it detailed discussion. We submit to the compulsion with reluctance and sorrow. The question is rendered, by its staleness and various personal matters, which it now involves, the most repulsive and painful one that could well be conceived.

The system, which a few years ago was adopted in respect of Ireland, could not, in the nature of things, produce other than the appalling fruits which are before the eyes of all. A people, to be properly and beneficially governed, must be governed on the principles of strict right, and impartial justice; they must not only possess wise and righteous laws, but they must be compelled to obey them; they must not only feel that they have an upright government, but they must feel likewise that they have one equally powerful, determined, and active in exacting obedience. The very words concession and conciliation, in the mouth of a ruler, imply abuse of trust and violation of duty. He has as little to do with concession and conciliation, as with usurpation and exasperation. If his system be tyrannical and unjust, he must reform and correct, but not concede and conciliate: if he make sacrifices merely to satisfy clamour and appease animosity, he will only feed both, to the ruin of himself and those whom he governs. VOL. XXIV.

When it was announced that Ireland was to be governed by a new system of conciliation, plain people were mightily puzzled to know what conduct was to be exhibited by such a system. They had been taught that Ireland was governed with as much mildness as was compatible with law and right. Mr Peel assured them in Parliament, that, in the sister island, the laws were administered with the utmost impartiality, and public trusts were bestowed on the principle of qualification, without any reference to difference of religion; they were aware that, if the existing laws needed amendment, or if new ones were called for, or if abuses existed, or if complaints were made, the old system was perfectly competent to do all that was necessary. They, therefore, could not conjecture what conciliation could do, beyond what had been done, particularly as it was not to connect itself with the removal of the Catholic disabilities.

The ignorance of such people was, however, soon dissipated. It was, with all imaginable solemnity, asserted, that the conduct of the Protestants, and the party strife between them and the Catholics, formed the cause why the latter were turbulent and ungovernable. How any thing so monstrously at variance with glaring fact, could be not only put forth as truth, but acted on by Government, is a mat

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ter not to be accounted for by ourselves. The Catholics, by their words and actions, demonstrated to every man living who would take the trouble of attending to them, that they were turbulent and ungovernable, because various changes were not made in the constitution and laws. They made it perfectly unquestionable, that it was because they struggled for these changes, and in addition sought what the Protestants possessed, and hated their religion, that they were involved in party war with the latter. It ranked amidst the most obvious and indisputable of truths, that if the Protestants opposed to them were wholly destroyed, such destruction would leave their leading demands unsatisfied, and the things which they made their chief grounds of lawlessness and disaffection untouched. Of course, it was clear to all men that the conduct of the Protestants was caused by, and did not cause their conduct; and that the party strife tended much more to repress their misdeeds on the one hand, than to produce them on the other.

Nevertheless, it was asserted, as we have stated; and in conformity therewith, the new system was to separate the government from the party of Protestants which opposed the Catholics, and to put it down in power, word, and act. By the annihilation of the Protestants as a party, peace and harmony were to be established between them and the Catholics; and by this, and pardoning, in dulging, and petting the Catholics in every thing, the latter were to be rendered excessively orderly and loyal.

The system, of course, went to work vigorously, not in removing corrupt partiality, terminating oppressive proceedings, and making other legitimate concessions, for no such employment for it existed it went to work in sacrificing impartiality, law, and justice. To "conciliate" the people of Ireland, it began to exasperate the Protestant part of them to the utmost. It denounced this part as a baleful faction, covered it with every conceivable slander, and made it the object of furious war. The Protestant societies, which were of the most loyal character, which were strictly defensive ones, and which had no other object than the defence of the constitution and church, were not only classed in turpitude with,

but they were declared to be the parents of, the most disloyal and guilty of the Catholic Associations. To put them down, frowns and menace in the first place, and then law, were resorted to. It was made a grave offence, which was vigilantly punished, for the Protestants to associate, to drink toasts, to wear ribbons, to attend public dinners, &c. if their object was to manifest opposition to the changes of constitution and law clamoured for by the Catholics.

When the display of the most pure and laudable sentiments was thus made criminal, was it proved to be criminal in its nature? No: it was merely charged with being offensive to the Catholics. Was it proved that the Protestant societies entertained pernicious principles and objects? No: they were avowedly attacked because pernicious Catholic ones existed. Because guilt was committed, innocence was to be punished; because baleful associations were in being, meritorious ones were to be suppressed. Catholic crime and disaffection were to be put down by the inflicting of pains and penalties on Protestant religion and loyalty.

For a considerable period the Protestants, or, to speak more correctly, such of the Protestants as were opposed to the Catholics, were so treated, expressly for the purpose of "conciliating" the Catholics; while the most flagitious conduct of the latter met with indulgence and kindness. At length the scandalous injustice awakened public indignation in England, and then it was deemed expedient to make an appearance of bringing down Catholic turbulence and disaffection, in respect of punishment, to the level of Protestant loyalty. The laws, however, were not enforced against the former, unless they could at the same time be brought to bear against the latter: legal punishments were called into operation, not by the guilt of offenders, but by the display of praiseworthy feelings in the innocent; if the well-disposed made a secret of their principles, there was no law against demagogues and traitors.

A new law was enacted, the declared object of which was, to put down all Associations in Ireland, Protestant and Catholic, without any reference to principle and object. We doubt whether the world ever before heard

of such an abominable confounding of virtue and merit with iniquity and crime. Detestable, however, as the law was in this respect, the use that was made of it was still more detestable. The Protestant Associations obeyed it at once, and dissolved them selves. The Catholic ones set it at defiance, trampled on it, filled Ireland with convulsion, and ostentatiously placed themselves above all constituted authorities; yet not a single effort was made to enforce it against them. In so far as this law had any effect, it was one to destroy the Protestant Associations, for the benefit of those of the Catholics-to coerce affection for the constitution, and give all possible indulgence and latitude to turbulence and sedition.

In time the system had its intended effects on the Protestants. They no longer gave criminal offence to the Catholics, by manifesting hostility to their unjust and destructive demands -they abandoned the guilt of displaying attachment to the constitution and their religion-their union was destroyed-they lost their power and influence and they ceased to exist as a party. The Government and Catholics had no longer the Orangemen, or any body of Protestants worthy the name of party, to contend with.

What did this splendid triumph of "conciliation" produce amidst the Catholics? Did it establish harmony between them and the Protestants; and make them peaceable, obedient, and contented? No. The sacrifice of the Protestants left all the causes of their turbulence and disaffection in full operation. It did not remove the disabilities-it did not expel Protestants from the Magistracy-it did not despoil and overthrow the Church-in a word, it granted nothing that they clamoured for. It removed a potent enemy, and thereby increased their power, audacity, and guilt.

The Catholics saw that the new system, in principle, confounded innocence and merit with crime and profligacy; and in practice punished the former, and fostered the latter. They saw that instead of being one of impartial protection and coercion, acting on the established definitions of right and wrong, without regarding persons and parties, it was one to sacrifice their opponents to them, merely becaus hey were tumultuous and ungovern

able. They saw that submission to the laws was not exacted from them

that conciliation was a license to do any thing that their own good conduct would preserve to their opponents their power, while perseverance in bad would destroy it-and that they had every thing to lose by becoming peaceable and orderly, and every thing to gain by redoubling their efforts in insubordination and crime. They found every discouragement and loss on the side of virtue; and every immunity and bribe on that of depravity. As the Protestants fell, the misdeeds of the Catholics multiplied; and when the former lost party being, the rancour, fury, turbulence, guilt, disobedience, treasonable efforts and power of the latter, reached a height wholly without example.

And what did the Government gain from its triumph? It destroyed the only moral support against, and check upon, the Catholics, which it possess ed in Ireland. How could the ignor ant Catholics do otherwise than de spise and hate the Church and Protestantism, when the display of at tachment to them was made by the Government matter of punishment? How could such Catholics be expected to obey the laws, and respect the Magistracy, when the latter were under the ban against the Protestant party which the Government sanctioned? How could the Catholic tenant vote for his landlord, when this landlord belonged to that party which the Government stigmatized as the bane of Ireland? How could the Aristocracy retain its influence, when the Government held it up to public detestation and stripped it of power? Not only was the weight of the Protestants ta ken out of the scale against the Catholics, but it was to a very great extent given to the latter by the Government. Through the extinction of the Protestants as a party, the Catholics gained the ascendency at elections, the power of dictating to many Irish Members, and of rendering others neutral, and the means of ranking a large part of the Aristocracy amidst their active supporters. The Government found that it had thus strengthened the Catholics, and freed them from opponents, only to enable them to direct their undivided fury against itself, to trample upon the laws, to scoff at its authority, and to dictate to it;

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