The largest group, the Clericals or Centre, represents mainly the. Rhine districts and South Germany. The Conservatives, though sometimes in opposition, especially on agrarian questions, are regarded as the ministerial party, and with them are allied the National Liberals and some smaller groups, insuring the Government a majority. THE ARMY. The Commander-in-Chief is the Emperor. Field- Marshal-Generals-Grand Duke Frederick of Baden, Baron von Loë, von Hahnke, Prince Leopold of Bavaria, Count von Haeseler. General Staff, Chief-Count von Schlieffen. Corps Commanders-First Corps, Eastern Prussia, Königsberg, General Baron von der Goltz; Second Corps, Pomerania, Stettin, Lieutenant-General von Heeringen; Third Corps, Berlin, General von Buelow: Fourth Corps, Magdeburg, General von Beueckendorff u. von Hindenburg; Fifth Corps, Posen, General Kluck; Sixth Corps, Breslau, General von Woyrsch; Seventh Corps, Münster, General Baron von Bissing; Eighth Corps, Coblenz, General von Deines; Ninth Corps, Altona, Lieutenant-General von Bock und Polach; Tenth Corps, Hanover, General von Stünzner; Eleventh Corps, Cassel, General Duke Albert von Württemberg; Twelfth Corps, Dresden, General von Broizem; Thirteenth Corps, Stuttgart, General von Hugo: Fourteenth Corps, Carlsruhe, General von Bock und Polach; Fifteenth Corps, Strassburg, General Ritter Hentschel von Gilgenheimb; Sixteenth Corps, Metz, General von Prittevitz und Gaffron; Seventeenth Corps, Dantzic, General von Braunschweig; Eighteenth Corps, Frankfort-on-Main, General von Eichhorn: Nineteenth Corps, Leipsic, General Count Bitzthum von Eckstadt; First Bavarian Army Corps, Munich, General Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria; Second Bavarian Army Corps, Würzburg, General Reichlin von Meldegg; Third Bavarian, General Baron von Tanu-Rathsamhausen. Commander of the Guards-General von Kessel. President........ The French Government, (For the Ministry, see page 374.) ARMAND FALLIERES. The annual allowance to the President of the Republic is 600,000 francs, with a further allowance of 600,000 francs for his expenses. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. SENATE.-President, Antonin Dubost; Vice-Presidents, MM. Guerin, Leydel, Monis, Lourties; Secretary-General, M. Duprez. CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES-President, M. Henri Brisson; Vice-Presidents, MM. Berteaux, Rabier, Cruppi, Caillaux: Secretary-General, M. Launay. The number of Senators is 300, and they are at present politically divided into about 270 Republicans and 30 representatives of the various shades of the opposition. The Deputies number 591, and are divided into the following groups: 246 Radicals, allied to the "Socialist-Radical" group; 79 Advanced Republicans, 8 Dissident Radicals, 23 Independent Socialists, 53 United Socialists, 64 Progressists (Moderate Republicans), 118 Members of Composite Opposition ("Right"; they include Royalists, Bonapartists, members of the Liberal Action Party" and 23 Nationalists. '') THE ARMY. Supreme Commander-General Hagron. Conseil Superieur de la Guerre, Generals Duchesne, Metzinger, Hagron, Voyron, Dodds, Michal, Burnez, Ceigne, Desbordes, Langlois. Military Governor of Paris-General Dalstein. Commanders of Corps d' Armee-First Corps, Lille, General Lebon; Second Corps, Amiens, General Michel; Third Corps, Rouen, General de Torcy; Fourth Corps, Le Mans, General Oudri; Fifth Corps, Orleans, General Millet; Sixth Corps, Chalons-sur-Marne, General Treineau; Seventh Corps, Besançon, General Deckherr; Eighth Corps, Bourges, General d'Armagnac; Ninth Corps, Tours, General Blancq; Tenth Corps, Rennes, General Lefort: Eleventh Corps, Nantes, General Peloux; Twelfth Corps, Limoges, General Altmayer; Thirteenth Corps, Clermont-Ferrand, General Bazaine-Hayter; Fourteenth Corps, Lyons, General Gallieni; Fifteenth Corps, Marseilles, General Mathis; Sixteenth Corps, Montpellier, General Pau; Seventeenth Corps, Toulouse, General Rouvray; Eighteenth Corps, Bordeaux, General Lelorrain; Nineteenth Corps, Algiers, General Servière; Twentieth Corps, Nancy, General Baillaud. Commander-General of Colonial Corps d' Armee, General Archinard (Paris). THE NAVY. Commanders of Squadrons and Divisions of Squadrons.-Squadrons of the Western Mediterranean and Levant. Vice- Admiral Touchard (flagship Suffren), Commander-in-Chief; Northern Squadron, Vice- Admiral Gigon (flagship Massena), Commander-in-Chief; Squadron of Extreme Orient, ViceAdmiral Richard (flagship Montcalm). Commander-in-Chief; Naval Division of the Atlantic, RearAdmiral Thierry, (flagship Kléber); Naval Division of the Pacific, Captain Hautefeuille; Naval Division of the Indian Ocean, Commander Lòrmier. President.. The Russian Government. (For the Ministry, see page 374.) COUNCIL OF THE EMPIRE. His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Michael Nicolaevitch. The Commander-in-Chief is the Emperor. The above were the army corps commanders prior to the present (January, 1906) insurrectionary movement. Nothing definite relative to changes is known at this time. THE NAVY. Commander-in-Chief, Vice-Admiral Birilew. The Italian Government. (For the Ministry, see page 346.) President of the Senate-Signor Canonico. President of the Chamber of Deputies-Signor Biancheri. THE ARMY. Chief of Staff-General Saletta. Corps Commanders-Turin, Lieutenant-General Pedotti; Alessandria, Lieutenant-General Riva Palazzi; Milan, Lieutenant-General Mainoni; Genoa, Lieutenant-General Del Mayno; Verona, Lieutenant-General Gobbo; Bologna, Lieutenant-General Ponza di S. Martino; Ancona, LieutenantGeneral Pistoia; Florence, Lieutenant-General Baldissera; Rome, Lieutenant-General Fecia di Cossato; Naples, Lieutenant-General Duke of Aosta; Bari, Lieutenant-General Lamberti; Palermo, Lieutenant-General Mazza. COMMANDERS OF MILITARY DIVISIONS. 1. Turin, Lieutenant-General Ponza di San Martino; 2. Novara, Lieutenant-General Valcamonica; 3. Alessandria, Lieutenant-General Girola; 4. Cuneo, Lieutenant-General Radicati; 5. Milan, Lieutenant-General Avogadro; 6. Brescia, Lieutenant-General Constantini; 7. Piacenza, LieutenantGeneral Lazari; 8. Genoa, Lieutenant-General Vigano; 9. Verona, Lieutenant-General Bisesti; 10. Padua, Lieutenant-General Incisa; 11. Bologna, Lieutenant-General Asinari; 12. Ravenna, Lieutenant-General Brusati; 13. Ancona, Lieutenant-General Cadorna; 14. Chieti, Lieutenant-General Sapelli di Capriglio; 15. Florence, Lieutenant-General Della Noce; 16. Livorno, Lieutenant-General Goiran; 17, Rome, Lieutenant-General Mazzitelli; 18. Perugia, Lieutenant-General Moni; 19. Naples, Lieutenant-General Tarditi; 20. Salerno, Lieutenant-General Canera; 21. Bari, Lieutenant-General Vacquer-Paderi; 22. Catanzaro, Lieutenant-General Gastinelli; 23. Palermo, Lieutenant-General di Boccard; 24. Messina, Lieutenant-General Vicino- Pallavicino; 25. Caglain, Lieutenant-General Bertoldo. THE NAVY. Admiral-H. R. H. Prince Thomas, Duke of Genoa. Admiral Morin; Instruction, Rear-Admiral Grenet. Commanders of Squadrons-Active, Vice The Austrian-Hungarian Government. (For the Ministry, see page 374.) THE AUSTRIAN REICHSRATH. Vice-Presidents-Prince Karl President of the House of Lords-Prince Alfred Windischgrätz. Auersperg and Prince Schoenburg. President of the House of Deputies-Count Moritz Vetter von der Lilie. Vice-Presidents-Professor August Kaiser and Johann Zacek. THE HUNGARIAN REICHSTAG. President of the House of Magnates-Count Albin Csaky. Dr. Julius V. Justh. THE ARMY. President of the House of Representatives The Commander-in-Chief is the Emperor. Corps Commanders-First Corps, Cracow, F. Z. M., Adolf Horsetzky v. Fornthal; Second Corps, Vienna, F. Z. M., Ferd. Fiedler; Third Corps, Graz, L. F. M., E. von Sukovatti; Fourth Corps, BudaPesth, F. Z., M., Count Uxküll-Gyltenband; Fifth Corps, Presburg, F. Z. M., Baron v. Steininger; Sixth Corps, Kaschau, F. Z. M., Eduard Pucherna; Seventh Corps, Temesvar, L. F. M., Schwitzer von Bayersheim; Eighth Corps, Prague, L. F. M., Hubert Czibulka; Ninth Corps, Josefstadt, F. M. L., Moritz v. Sternsberg; Tenth Corps, Przemysl, F. Z. M., Arthur v. Pino; Eleventh Corps, Lemberg, F. M. L., Count Karl Aueroperg; Twelfth Corps, Hermannstadt, F. M. L., Joseph v. Gaudernak; Thirteenth Corps, Agram, F. M. L., Rudolph v. Chavanne; Fourteenth Corps, Innsbrück, F. M. L., Archduke Eugene; Fifteenth Corps, Sarajewo, F. L. M., Baron Eugene v. Albori. Dalmatia, Zara, F. L. M. Marian v. Wareschanin. Inspector-General of Cavalry-F. M. L., v. Bruderniann. Inspector of Artillery-Archduke Leopold Salvator. Inspector of Engineering-F. Z. M., Count GeldernEgmond. Inspector of Military Instruction-F. M. L. Giegler v. Eberswald. Inspector-General of Troops-I Archduke Frederick. Inspector-General of Troops-II. Count Uxküll-Gyllenband. Inspecfor-General of Troops-III. F. Z. M., Ant. Galcoczy. Dominion of Canada. Governor-General (Salary, $50, 000) ... MINISTRY. .....EARL GREY. The salary of each member of the Dominion Cabinet holding a portfolio is $7,000 per annum, except the Premier, who receives $12,000. The leader of the Opposition, Mr. R. L. Borden, receives $7,000. The present ministry was sworn into office July 11, 1896. It is liberal in politics. Premier and President of the Privy Council-Rt. Minister of Trade and Commerce-Rt. Hon. Sir Minister of Justice-Hon. A. B. A ylesworth, K. C. Minister of Militia and Defence-Hon. Sir Fred. Postmaster-General-Hon. Rodolphe Lemieux. Minister of Finance-Hon. William S. Fielding. Minister of the Interior-Hon. Frank Oliver. The Senate (Dominion Parliament) is composed of 87 members, Hon. Raoul Dandurand, Speaker, whose salary is $4,000. Each Senator receives a sessional indemnity of $2,500 and mileage. The House of Commons is composed of 214 members, Hon. Robert Franklin Sutherland, Speaker, whose salary is $4,000. Each member of the House receives a sessional indemnity of $2,500. The members of the House of Commons are elected under the several Provincial Franchises, in accordance with a Federal act passed in 1898. The Senators are appointed for life by the Crown on the nomination of the Governor-in-Council. AREA, POPULATION, AND SEATS OF GOVERNMENT, AND LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS OF THE PROVINCES. *Land and water included in area. Alberta and Saskatchewan were erected into provinces in 1905. Mackenzie, Ungava, Franklin, Keewatin, and Northwest Territories are territorial districts. Included in Mackenzie, Ungava, and Franklin. High Commissioner in London, England, Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G. C. M. G. Salary, $10,000. The Dominion of Canada has an area of 3, 729, 665 (excluding the Hudson Bay, the Gulf of St. Lawrence and all tidal waters) square miles, and comprises one-sixteenth of the land surface of the globe. It is the largest of all the British possessions, Australia, the next in size, containing 2, 946, 691 square miles. The Government of Canada is Federal. centred at Ottawa, which city is the capital of the Dominion, while the provinces have their respective local Legislatures. The head of the Federal Government is the Governor-General, appointed by the King of Great Britain, and holding office for five years, his salary being paid by the Dominion Government. The Lieutenant-Governors of the several provinces are appointed by the Federal Government for a term of five years. The Legislatures are elected by the people of each province. The highest Court in the Dominion is the Supreme Court, composed of a Chief Justice and five Judges, each of whom receives a salary of $9,000 per annum, except the Chief Justice, who is paid an additional $1,000. From the decisions of this Court the only tribunal to which appeal can be made is to the Judicial Committee of the Imperial Privy Council of Great Britain. The only other Federal Court is the Exchequer Court, presided over by a single Judge, for trying cases connected with the revenue. Salary $8,000. All others are of a provincial character, limited to jurisdiction in their respective provinces only. FINANCES. Revenue (financial year ending June 30, 1905), $71, 182, 773, of which $41, 433, 648 was from customs; $12, 586, 475 from excise; $5, 125, 373 from post-office; $7.317, 368 from public works, including government railways; miscellaneous, $4.719, 908. The revenue in 1904 amounted to $70,669,817, and in 1906 the revenue was $80, 139,360, of which $60,074,818 was from customs and excise, DOMINION OF CANADA-Continued. The expenditure on account of consolidated fund was $63,319, 683, of which $10,630, 115 was for interest; $1,797, 060 for civil government; $997, 718 for administration of justice; $1,713, 172 for legislation; $2,507, 307 for light-house and coast service; $1,027,074 for mail subsidies and steamship subventions; $1,173, 864 for Indians; $979, 889 for fisheries; $275, 680 for geological survey and observatories; $1,000, 969 for arts, agriculture, quarantine, and statistics; $2,650, 700 for militia and defence; $6,765, 446 for public works; $4,516, 038 for subsidies to provinces; $4,634, 528 for post-office; $9,803, 912 for railways and canals; $1, 468, 093 for collecting customs revenue; $1,052, 677 for ocean and river service; $972, 357 for immigration; $1,011,309 for mounted police. NATIONAL DEBT. The gross public debt of Canada on June 30, 1905, amounted to $377,678, 580. The total assets counted against gross public debt amounted to $111, 454, 413. MILITIA. Under the new establishments the total strength of the Canadian militia, June 30, 1904, was as follows: Attached to military schools and colleges there are 1,066 men, who constitute the permanent force of Canada. TRADE. Exports (domestic and foreign) fiscal year (1905-1906): To British Empire, $144, 305, 760; United States, $88, 001, 309; Germany, $1,872, 557; France and possessions, $2,145, 328; Belgium, $1,565, 166; China, $855, 758; Japan, $493, 952; Holland, $1,824, 768. Total exports, $246, 657, 802, of which goods not the produce of Canada, $21, 102, 674. Imports fiscal year (1905-1906): From British Empire, $83, 466, 805; United States, $180,726, 111; Germany, $7,040, 091; France and possessions, $7,712, 945; Belgium, $2,323, 062; Japan, $1,662, 929; China, $540, 752; Cuba, $445, 100; South America, $2, 188, 625; Italy, $580.964; Switzerland, $2,032, 056; Holland, $1, 162, 141. Total imports, $294, 286, 015. Of the merchandise imported, $176, 790, 332 was dutiable, and $117, 495, 683 free. Imports of coin and bullion, $7,078, 603, and the exports, $9,928,828. BANKS. Chartered banks (December 31, 1905): Capital paid up, $82, 655, 828; reserve fund, $56,474, 124; making total banking capital, $139, 129, 952; circulation redemption fund, $3,328, 771. Total assets, $767, 499, 183; total liabilities, $616, 678.633; notes in circulation, $64,025, 643; deposits, $531, 243, 476; loans and discounts, $559, 814, 918. Deposits in savings banks" (1905): Government, $62, 017, 457; special, $25,050, 966. Total, $87,068, 423. RAILWAYS. Canada has a network of steam railways, the total mileage of which at the end of June, 1905, was 20, 601 miles. Post-offices (year ended June 30, 1905), 10, 879; number of letters and post-cards mailed, 315,482, 000. In 1906 tonnage of sea-going vessels entered and cleared, 15, 588, 455 tons register; tonnage of shipping engaged in the coasting trade, 44, 377, 361 tons; tonnage of shipping engaged in the Great Lakes carrying between Canada and the United States, 16, 689, 365 tons registered; vessels built and registered, 335; tonnage, 27,583; light-houses, 963. POPULATION OF CITIES, CENSUS OF 1901. Montreal, 267, 730; Toronto, 208, 040; Quebec, 68, 840; Ottawa, 59, 928; Hamilton, 52, 634; Winnipeg, 90, 204; Halifax, 40, 832; St. John, 40, 711; London, 37,981; Vancouver, 26, 133; Victoria, 20, 816; Kingston, 17, 961; Brantford, 16, 619; Hull, 13, 993; Charlottetown, 12,080; Valleyfield, 11,055; Sherbrooke, 11, 765; Sydney, 9, 909; Moncton, 9,026. In 1906 Brandon, 10, 411; Calgarry, 11, 967; Edmonton, 11, 163; Winnipeg, 90, 204; Regina, 6, 169; Moosejaw, 6, 251. These pages of Canadian statistics were revised for THE WORLD ALMANAC for 1906 in the office of Census and Statistics of the Department of Agriculture, Dominion of Canada. Mexico. President (Salary, $50,000)... MINISTRY. GENERAL PORFIRIO DIAZ. The salary of each member of the Cabinet is $15,000. Secretary of Foreign Affairs-Señor Don Ignacio | Secretary of Finances-Señor Don José Ives LimMariscal. Secretary of the Interior-Señor Don Ramon Cor- Secretary of Justice and Public Instruction-Señor Secretary of Improvements-Señor General Don antour. Secretary of War and Navy-Señor General Don Secretary of Communications and Public Works *The area and population of the newly created Territory of Quintana Roo is included in Yucatan in the table. The present Constitution of Mexico bears date February 5, 1857, with subsequent amendments. By its terms Mexico is considered a Federative Republic, divided into States, nineteen at the outset, but at present twenty-seven in number, with three Territories and one Federal District, each having a right to manage its own local affairs, while the whole are bound together in one body politic by fundamental and constitutional laws. The powers of the Federal Government are divided into three branches--the legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative power is vested in a Congress, consisting of a House of Representatives and a Senate; the executive in a President, and the judicial in Federal Courts. Representatives elected by the suffrage of all male adults. at the rate of one member for 40,000 inhabitants, hold their places for two years. The qualifications requisite are to be twenty-five years of age and a resident in the State. The Senate consists of two members from each State, of at least thirty years of age, who hold their places for four years. Senators are elected indirectly, half of them being renewed every two years. The members of both Houses receive salaries of $3,000 each a year. The President is elected by electors popularly chosen in a general election, holds office for four years, and, according to the last Amendment of the Constitution, there will be no prohibition to his re-election. In case of his sudden disability, the Secretary of Foreign Affairs officiates in his place; in case of leave, death, or permanent disability, Congress elects a pro tempore President, who acts until, in either of the two last cases, a President is elected by the people. Congress has to meet annually from September 16 to December 15, and from April 1 to May 31, and a permanent committee of both Houses sits during the recesses. FINANCE AND COMMERCE. The Federal revenues collected during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1904, were $86,473, 800.94: disbursements were $76, 381, 643. 22; value of imports year ended June 30, 1903 (gold valuation), $85, 861, 084; value of exports, $96, 927, 358. ARMY AND NAVY. The army consists of infantry, 22, 964; engineers, 766; artillery, 2, 304; cavalry, 8,454; rural guards of police, 2, 365;. gendarmerie, 250; total, 37, 103. There are over 3,000 officers. There is a fleet of two unarmored gun- vessels, each of 450 tons and 600 horse- power, and armed with 20-pounders, one training-ship of 1,221 tons armed with four 4.72-guns, two 57-mm. guns, and two 32-mm. guns, and three small gunboats. Two new gunboats are being built at Elizabeth, N. J. NATIONAL DEBT. The national debt is $138, 866, 100.00 gold, and $143, 694, 340. 42 payable in silver. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. Miles of railway in operation, 18, 197; miles of telegraph line, 43, 675; post-offices, 2, 207. This information about Mexico was compiled mainly from the bulletins of the Bureau of American Republics, Washington, D. C., was corrected to date for the WORLD ALMANAC at the Office of the Mexican Embassy at Washington. |