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ropes from the dynamo shaft. They will be series-wound drum armature machines running at 800 revolutions per minute, and both alternators and exciters are fixed on sliding rails with tightening arrangement to allow of adjustment while running.

The public lighting plant will be driven by three vertical compound engines, each capable of realising 60 b.h.p. at a speed of 220 revolutions per minute with steam at 140lb., the high-pressure cylinder being 9in, diameter, the lowpressure 15in. diameter, and the stroke 10in.; the cylinders will be fitted with automatic and hand expansion gear adjustable while the engine is running, and the governor will be of a specially sensitive high-speed type. The flywheel will be 8ft. diameter, the face being grooved for rope driving, and the main shaft runs in three bearings The lubrication throughout will be from stationary lubricators of combined syphon and drop feed type, designed for continuous running.

The current is generated by three Brush arc lighting dynamos, each capable of an output of 10 amperes and 2,000 volts at 800 revolutions per minute. The armatures are of laminated iron, wound with coils in 12 recesses, the opposite coils being connected in series, the free ends of the coils being brought through the hollow shaft to the commutator, each machine being mounted on sliding rails with the necessary tightening arrangements. The current is kept constant at 10 amperes by means of a Brush-Geipel automatic regulator, consisting of a series of carbon plates interposed in the main circuit, the resistance of these being varied by lever pressure, actuated by solenoids connected as a shunt across the dynamo fields.

Two main ranges of wrought-iron steam-pipes 8in. diameter extend the entire length of the engine-room, and each range is so connected with the other, with the engines, and to the boilers, and fitted with stop-valves, that any section of the steam-pipe may be removed while under steam without interfering with the supply to any engine. The stop-valves used are of the "sluice valve" type with projecting spindles, and all joints are properly faced before being made. The main exhaust pipe is of mild steel, 12in. diameter, the branch exhaust pipes from the engines being suitably curved to connect with this to avoid any back pressure. It will be carried under the engine-room floor, and covered in with removable cast-iron grating. An overhead travelling crab, lifting eight tons, permits easy handling of any of the machinery in case of breakdown.

The output of the plant thus installed is equal to 120 arc lamps of 500 watts each, and 5,000 incandescent lamps of 60 watts each, being in use at one time, with one complete spare plant in reserve in each case.

reserve with the necessary appliances for recalibration. The current from the alternators is registered on ammeters on arrival on the switchboard, and the outgoing current is also registered on ammeters fixed on the mains where they leave the board, the standard ammeter being one of Sir William Thomson's.

The switchboard through which the current from the exciters passes to the alternators is provided with a switch on one side of each circuit, and a fusible safety junction on the other, ammeters are interposed in the circuits, and a Cardew voltmeter with large dial is connected to a six-way switch to enable the pressure in any circuit to be ascer tained. The switchboard for the public lighting plant is fitted with three main switches and three circuit switches, arranged so that any of the circuits and dynamos can be interchanged; the three circuits can also be placed in series. An ammeter is interposed in each circuit.

The test room, which is placed adjoining the switchroom, is fitted with a very complete set of instruments for testing the condition of the various circuits and machines, and recalibrating the numerous ammeters and voltmeters in use in the station; the adjustment of meters and testing transformers will also be carried out here. The Thomson reflecting galvanometer is mounted on a concrete pillar, carried some 12ft. below the ground-line to minimise vibration. The Wheatstone bridge and testing battery will be permanently connected on an insulated testing table in a convenient form.

Steam will be generated for the engines in four Babcock and Wilcox water tube boilers, each capable of evaporating 8,500lb. of water per hour at a pressure of 150lb. on the square inch, the coal consumption at full work being guaranteed not to exceed 1lb. of Welsh steam coal for every 9lb. of water evaporated. The total heating surface in each boiler is 2,530 square feet, of which 51 square feet is grate surface. They will be set in batteries of two, the brickwork being faced with white glazed brick bedded in fireclay, and each boiler will consist of 14 sections of eight lap-welded wrought-iron tubes 4in. diameter and 18ft. long, fitted in the usual way, and connected at each end with "uptakes" and "down-takes," to two steam and water drums 36in. diameter and 23ft. 7in. long, built of ĝin. steel plates, the longitudinal seams being double riveted. The boilers will be suspended from wrought-iron girders sup ported on cast-iron pillars and will be entirely independent of the brickwork; they will have the usual steam and water fittings for boilers of this class, and will be subjected to an hydraulic test of 250lb. on the square inch after erection. The boilers will be fed by three Worthington steam pumps, each one capable of supplying sufficient water to two of the boilers when fully loaded, and arranged so that any boiler can supply any pump with steam, entirely independent of the main steam-pipes.

Water-tanks capable of holding a supply for five hours at full load will be erected on brick piers over the coal store, and a direct connection will be made between the Corpora tion water main and the steam pumps, to be used in an emergency. The feed-water will be passed through three of Berryman's feed-water heaters, each heating a sufficient quantity for two of the boilers at full load; they will be placed at the foot of the chimney, and by means of suitable by-passes and valves the exhaust steam can be sent through any or all of the heaters, or past them direct into the chimneys. The main flue will be built of firebrick, sides and top set in fireclay, with a concrete bottom; the base of the chimney will be lined internally for 20ft. with a ring of firebrick with a 2in. air space between.

The switchroom, situated on the ground floor of the office building, is separated from the engine-room by a glazed partition, and will contain three complete sets of LowrieHall automatic regulating apparatus to maintain a constant E.M.F. at the terminals of the alternators; this is effected by placing a shunt of varying resistance across the field of the exciter. The main switchboard for the private lighting plant is also of Lowrie-Hall design, as used at West Brompton station, the base being entirely of slate; the metal sleeves which are connected to the dynamo leads and circuit mains are mounted in porcelain blocks, so arranged that the operators cannot accidentally come into contact with the high-tension circuits, the cross connections being made with a double switch plug mounted on an ebonite base. By means of these plug switches, any two or more of the alternators can be coupled on to two or more of the mains, that any main or alternator not so connected can be added at will, or that any alternator can be The chimney itself has a solid bed of concrete, 20ft. put on to any main separately. Fusible safety junctions square and 3ft. thick, resting on rock 16ft. below the are fitted on the board at the points of connection with the ground level, and will have a total height of 140ft., the dynamo leads and mains, and the connections are carried internal diameter being 8ft. It will be fitted with a solid under the floor in brick trenches with movable covers. A copper tape conductor with rod and points, and will be synchronising board is fixed over the main switchboard, to earthed on the 6in. water main supplying the station. enable the alternators to be run in parallel when necessary, with the requisite instruments to show when the machines are co-phasal. The pressure in the mains is indicated by Cardew voltmeters with large dials, and is checked on one of Sir William Thomson's standard voltmeters; the current for these is supplied by small converters arranged behind the switchboard. Spare instruments are held in

The Corporation will bring their surface lines, free of expense, to any consumer's premises situated within 30ft. of any of their mains, an extra charge being made for any greater distance, and in all cases the consumer's installation must be passed by the Corporation inspector before connec tion will be completed, and be in accordance with the rules laid down by them to secure efficiency and safety. The

transformer and high-tension safety fuses supplied by the Corporation, when not enclosed in an iron case, will be placed in a suitable protecting chamber supplied by the consumer. A double-pole switch and safety fuses will form part of the consumer's installation immediately where the low-tension circuit leaves the transformer case.

The charge to the consumer will be either by special contract or by meter as may be desired, the minimum charge per quarter being £2 for any quantity up to 60 units. For any quantity over 60 units and under 100 units per quarter, 8d. per unit. For any quantity over 100 units per quarter, 7d. per unit. Hire of meter per quarter, 5s. Hire of transformer, primary safety fusible cut-outs

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1. Located in a dry place.

2. Insulated on floors or base frames which must be kept filled to prevent absorption of moisture, and also kept clean and dry. 3. Not exposed to flying or combustible materials.

4. Each covered with a waterproof cover when not operating. In no case must a generator be placed in a room where any hazardous process is carried on, such as the working-room of a cotton, jute, flax, woollen, or flour mill.

Care and Attendance.-A competent man must be kept on duty

in the room where generators are operating.

Oily waste must be kept in metal cans and removed daily. Conductors. From generators, switchboards, rheostats, or other instruments, and thence to outside lines, conductors must be : 1. In plain sight.

2. Wholly on non-combustible insulators, such as glass or porcelain.

3. Separated from contact with floors, partitions, or walls through which they may pass, by non-combustible insulating tubes. 4. Kept rigidly so far apart that they cannot come in contact. 5. Covered with non-inflammable insulating material sufficient to prevent accidental contact.

6. Ample in carrying capacity tɔ prevent heating. (See capacity of wires table.)

7. Connected by splices or joints equal in carrying capacity to the conductors themselves, soldered if necessary to make them efficient and permanent.

8. When under floors or in distributing towers, placed in spaces ample for inspection and ventilation, and provided with special insulating covering.

Switchboards-Must be :

1. So placed as to make it impossible to communicate fire to surrounding combustible material; accessible from all sides when the connections are on the back; or may be placed against a brick or stone wall when the connections are entirely on the face. 2. Kept free from moisture.

3. Made of non-combustible material, or of hard wood, filled to prevent absorption of moisture.

4. Equipped with bars and wires in accordance with rules 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 for placing interior conductors. Resistance-boxes and Equalisers-Must be :

1. Equipped with metal or non-combustible frames.

2. Treated as sources of heat.

3. Placed on the switch or a distance of a foot from combustible material, or separated therefrom by asbestos or cement. Lightning Arresters-Must be :

1. Attached to each side of every overhead circuit connected with the station.

Presented and adopted by the National Electric Light Association, Montreal, P. Q., September 10, 1891. [It seems to us that most of this report is as well worth consideration in England, and in fact wherever electricity is used, as in America.-ED. E.E.]

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size.

5. So constructed as not to maintain an arc after the discharge is passed.

two hours while in operation to discover any leakage to earth,

Testing. All series and alternating circuits must be tested every

abnormal in view of the potential and method of operation.

All multiple arc low-potential systems (300 volts or less) must be provided with an indicating or detecting device, readily attachable, to afford easy means of testing where the station operates perpetually.. Data obtained from all tests must be preserved for examination by insurance inspectors.

CLASS B.-ARC (SERIES) SYSTEMS. Overhead Conductors. -All outside overhead conductors (including services) must be :

1. Covered with some insulating material, not easily abraded. 2. Firmly secured to properly insulated and substantially-built supports, all the wires having an insulation equal to that of the conductors they confine.

3. So placed that moisture cannot form a cross-connection between them, not less than a foot apart, and not in contact with any substance other than proper insulating supports.

4. At least 7ft. above the highest point of flat roofs, and at least lft. above the ridge of pitched roofs, over which they pass, or to which they are attached.

5. Protected whenever necessary, in view of possible accidents to conductors or supports, from possibility of contact with other conducting wires or substances to which current may leak, by dead insulated guard irons or wires. Special precautions of this kind must be taken where sharp angles occur, or where any wires might possibly come in contact with electric light or power wires. 6. Provided with petticoat insulators of glass or porcelain. Porcelain knobs and rubber hooks are prohibited.

7. So spliced or joined as to be both mechanically and electrically secure without solder. They must then be soldered to ensure preservation, and covered with an insulation equal to that on the conductors.

The following formula for soldering fluid is approved:

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INTERIOR CONDUCTORS.

All Interior Conductors-Must be :

1. Where they enter buildings from outside terminal insulators to and through the walls, covered with waterproof insulation, and must have drip loops outside, preferably slanting upward toward the inside and bushed with waterproof and non-combustible insulating tube.

2. Arranged to enter and leave the building through a doublecontact service switch, which will effectually close the main circuit and disconnect the interior wires when it is turned "off." The switch must be so constructed that it shall be automatic in its action, not stopping between points when started, and prevent an arc between the points under all circumstances; it must indicate on inspection whether the current be "on" or "off," and be mounted on a non-combustible base in a position where it can be kept free from moisture and easy of access to police or firemen. 3. Always in plain sight, never covered, except in special cases, where an armoured tube may be necessary.

4. Covered in all cases with a moisture-proof non-combustible material that will adhere to the wire, not fray by friction, and bear a temperature of 150deg. F. without softening.

5. In dry places, kept rigidly apart at least 10in., except when covered (in addition to insulation) by a water-proof non-conducting and non-inflammable tubing, which must be strong enough to protect the insulation covering from injury. Conductors thus placed may be run not less than 3in. apart, and be fastened with staples, under which are placed mechanically rigid insulating strips or saddles of greater width than the metal of the staple, by which possibility of injury to the tube may be prevented.

6. In damp places, attached to glass or porcelain insulators, and separated 10in. or more.

7. When passing through walls, floors, timber, or partitions, treated as in central stations under like conditions.

LAMPS AND OTHER DEVICES.

Arc Lamps-Must be in every case:

1. Carefully isolated from inflammable material. 2. Provided at all times with a glass globe surrounding the arc, securely fastened with a closed base. No broken or cracked globes may be used.

3. Provided with a hand switch, also an automatic switch, that will shunt the current around the carbons should they fail to feed properly.

4. Provided with reliable stops to prevent carbons from falling out in case the clamps become loose.

5. Carefully insulated from the circuit in all their exposed parts. 6. Where inflammable material is near or under the lamps, provided with a wire netting around the globe, and a sparkarrester above, to prevent escape of sparks, melted copper, or carbon.

Incandescent lamps on series circuits, having a maximum potential of 350 volts or over, must be governed by the same rules as for arc lights, and each series lamp provided with a hand switch and automatic cut-out switch; when lights are in multiple series, such switches and cut-outs must not control less than a single group of lights. Electromagnetic devices for switches are not approved.

Under no circumstance will incandescent lamps on series circuits be allowed to be attached to gas fixtures.

CLASS C.-INCANDESCENT (LOW PRESSURE) SYSTEMS. THREE HUNDRED VOLTS OR LESS.

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2. Lead or paraffin covered.

3. Covered with soft rubber tube.

4. Laid in mouldings of any kind in damp places.

5. Laid in mouldings with open grooves against the wall or ceiling.

6. Laid in mouldings where less than half an inch of solid insulation is between parallel wires, and between wires and walls or ceilings.

Mouldings, where admissible, must have at least two coatings of water-proof paint or be impregnated with a moisture repellent. Cleatwork is not desirable, and cleats must not be used unless : 1. In a very dry place.

2. In a place perfectly open for inspection at any time.

3. They are of porcelain, or well-seasoned wood, filled to prevent absorption of moisture.

4. They are so arranged that wires of opposite polarity, with a difference of potential of 150 volts or less, will be kept at least 2ĝin. apart, and that where a higher voltage is used this distance be increased proportionately.

5. There is a backing provided of wood at least in. thick, well seasoned and filled, to prevent absorption of moisture.

Metal Staples must never be used to fasten conductors unless : 1. Provided with an insulating sleeve or saddle rigidly attached to the metal of the staple, and having such strength and surface as to prevent mechanical injury to the insulation of the conductor.

2. Under conditions in which cleatwork would be acceptable, or where driven into a moulding specially adapted for open work. SPECIAL WIRING.

Wherever conductors cross gas, water, or other metallic pipes, or any other conductors or conducting material (except arc light wires), they should be separated therefrom by some continuous non-conductor at least lin. In crossing arc light wires the lowtension conductors must be placed at a distance of at least 6in. In wet places an air space must be left between conductors and pipes in crossing, and the former must be run in such a way that they cannot come in contact with the pipe accidentally. Wires should be run over all pipes upon which condensed moisture is likely to gather, or which by leakage might cause trouble on a circuit.

In breweries, dye-houses, paper and pulp mills, or other buildings specially liable to moisture, all conductors, except where used for pendants, must be :

1. Separated at least 6in.

2. Carefully put up.

3. Supported by porcelain or glass insulators

Moisture proof and non-inflammable tubing may be accepted in lieu of such construction.

No switches or fusible cut-outs will be allowed in such places.

Interior Conduits-Must not be :

1. Combustible.

or cement, or of such material as will injure the insulation of th conductor.

3. So constructed or placed that difficulty will be experienced i removing or replacing the conductors.

4. Subject to mechanical injury by saws, chisels, or nails. 5. Supplied with a twin conductor in a single tube where current of more than 10 amperes is expected. The conductors must b

6. Depended upon for insulation. covered with moisture-proof material.

The object of a tube or conduit is to facilitate the insertion o extraction of the conductors, to protect them from mechanica injury, and, as far as possible, from moisture.

Twin tube conductors must not be separated from each othe by rubber or similar material, but by cotton or other readil carbonisable substance.

Conductors passing through walls or ceilings must be encase in a suitable tubing, which must extend at least lin. beyon the finished surface, until the mortar or other similar materia be entirely dry, when the projection may be reduced to fin. Double-Pole Safety Cut-outs-Must be :

1. Placed where the overhead or underground conductors ente a building and join the inside wires.

2. Placed at every point where a change is made in the size o the wire (unless the cut-out in the larger wire will protect the smaller). This includes all the flexible conductors. All suc junctions must be in plain sight.

3. Constructed with bases of non-combustible and moisture proof material.

4. So constructed and placed that an arc cannot be maintained between the terminals by the fusing of the metal.

requiring a current of six amperes or more shall be ultimately 5. So placed that on any combination fixture, no group of lamp dependent upon one cut-out.

6. Wherever used for more than six amperes, or where the plug or equivalent device is not used, equipped with fusible strips or wires provided with contact surfaces or tips of harder metal, soldered or otherwise, having perfect electrical connection with the fusible part of the strip.

Safety Fuses must be so proportioned to the conductors they are intended to protect, that they will melt before the maximum safe carrying capacity of the wire is exceeded.

All fuses, where possible, must be stamped or otherwise marked with the number of amperes equal to the safe carrying capacity of the wire they protect.

All cut-out blocks when installed must be similarly marked. The safe carrying capacity of a wire changes under different circumstances, being about 40 per cent. less when the wire is closed in a tube or piece of moulding, than when bare and exposed to the air, when the heat is rapidly radiated. It must be clearly understood that the size of the fuse depends upon the size of the smallest conductor it protects, and not upon the amount of current to be used on the circuit. Below is a table showing the safe carrying capacity of conductors of different sizes in Birming ham, Brown and Sharpe, and Edison gauges, which must be followed in the placing of interior conductors. -BROWN & SHARPE. Gauge No. Amperes.

BIRMINGHAM Gauge No. Amperes.

EDISON STANDARD.Gauge No. Amperes.

0000

175

0000

175

200

175

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Switches-Must:

1. Be mounted on moisture-proof and incombustible bases, such as slate or porcelain.

2. Be double-pole when the circuits which they control are con nected to fixtures attached to gas-pipes, and when six amperes or more are to pass through them.

3. Have a firm and secure contact, must make and break readily, and not stick when motion has once been imparted by the handle. 4. Have carrying capacity sufficient to prevent heating above the surrounding atmosphere.

5. Be placed in dry, accessible places, and grouped as far a possible, being mounted, when practicable, upon slate or equally indestructible back boards.

Motors. In wiring for motive power, the same precautions must be taken as with the current of the same volume and potential for lighting. The motor and resistance-box must be protected by a double-pole cut-out, and controlled by a double-pole switch. Arc Lights on Low-Potential Circuits-Must be :

1. Supplied by branch conductors not smaller than No. 12 B. and S. gauge.

2. Connected with main conductors only through double-pole

cut-outs.

3. Only furnished with such resistances or

regulators as are

enclosed in non-combustible material, such resistances being

2. Of such material as will be injured or destroyed by plaster treated as sources of heat.

4. Supplied with globes protected as in the case of arc lights on high-potential circuits.

FIXTURE WORK.

1. In all cases where conductors are concealed within or attached to fixtures, the latter must be insulated from the gas-pipe system of the building.

2. When wired outside, the conductors must be so secured as not to be cut or abraded by the pressure of the fastenings or motion of the fixtures.

3. All conductors for fixture work must have a waterproof insulation that is durable and not easily abraded, and must not in any case be smaller than No. 16 B. and S., No. 18 B. W.G., or No. 3 E.S.G.

4. All burrs or fins must be removed before the conductors are drawn into a fixture.

5. The tendency to condensation within the pipes must be guarded against by sealing the upper end of the fixture.

6. No combination fixture in which the conductors are concealed in a space less than fin. between the inside pipe and the outside casing will be approved.

7. Each fixture must be tested for possible "contacts' between conductors and fixture, and for "short circuits," before the fixture is connected to its supply conductors.

8. The ceiling blocks of fixtures should be made of insulating material.

ELECTRIC GAS LIGHTING.

Where electric gas lighting is to be used on the same fixture with the electric light:

1. No part of the gas-piping or fixture shall be in electrical connection with the gas lighting circuit.

2. The wires used with the fixture must have a non-inflammable insulation, or, where concealed between the pipe and shell of the fixture, the insulation must be such as is required for fixture wiring for the electric light.

3. The whole insulation must test free from "grounds."

4. The two installations must test perfectly free of connection with each other.

PENDANTS AND SOCKETS.

No portion of the lamp socket exposed to contact with outside objects must be allowed to come into electrical contact with either of the conductors.

Cord Pendants-Must be :

1. Made of conductors, each of which is composed of several strands insulated from the other conductor by a mechanical separator of carbonisable material, and both surrounded in damp places with a moisture-proof and a non-inflammable layer.

2. Protected by insulating bushings where the cord enters the socket.

3. So suspended that the entire weight of the socket and lamp will be borne by knots, above the point where the cord comes through the ceiling block or rosette, in order that the strain may be taken from the joints and binding screws. All sockets used for wire or cord pendants should have openings at least equal to fin. gas-pipe size.

4. Allowed to sustain nothing heavier than a four-light cluster, and in such a case special provision should be made by an extra heavy cord or wire as a mechanical reinforcement.

5. Equipped with keyless sockets as far as practicable, controlled by wall switches. In no case may a lamp giving more than fifty (50) candle-power be placed in a key-socket on a flexible pendant.

CLASS D.-ALTERNATING SYSTEMS.

CONVERTERS OR TRANSFORMERS.

Converters-Must not :

1. Be placed inside of any building except the central station, unless as hereinafter provided.

2. Be placed in any but metallic or non-combustible cases. 3 Be attached to the outside walls of buildings, unless separated therefrom by substantial insulating supports.

4. Be placed in any other than a dry and convenient location (which can be secured from opening into the interior of the building, such as a vault) when an underground service is used.

5. Be placed without safety fuses at the junction between main and service conductors and safety fuses in the secondary circuits where they will not be affected by the heat of the converter.

PRIMARY CONDUCTORS.

In those cases where it may not be possible to exclude the transformers and primary wires entirely from the building, the following precautions must be strictly observed:

1. The transformer must be located at a point as near as possible to that at which the primary wires enter the building.

2. Between these points the conductors must be heavily insulated with a coating of moisture-proof material, and, in addition, must be so covered and protected that mechanical injury to them or contact with them shall be practically impossible.

3. The primary conductors, if within a building, must be furnished with a double-pole switch, and also with an automatic double-pole cut-out where the wires enter the building, or where they leave the main line, on the pole or in the conduit. These switches should, if possible, be enclosed in secure and fireproof boxes outside the building.

4. The primary conductors, when inside a building, must be kept apart at least 10in., and the same distance from all other conducting bodies.

SECONDARY CONDUCTORS.

The conductors from the secondary coil of the transformer to

the lamps or other translating devices must be installed according to the rules for "inside wiring" for "low-potential systems." CLASS E.-ELECTRIC RAILWAYS. POWER STATIONS.

All rules pertaining to arc light wires and stations shall apply (so far as practicable) to street railway power stations and their conductors.

RAILWAY SYSTEMS WITH GROUND RETURN.

Electric railway systems in which the motor cars are driven by a current from a single wire, with ground or floor return circuit, are prohibited except as hereinafter provided :

1. When there is no liability of other conductors coming in contact with the trolley wire.

2. When the location of the generator is such that the ground circuit will not create a fire hazard to the property.

3. When an approved automatic circuit breaker or other device that will immediately cut off the current in case the trolley wires become grounded is introduced in each circuit as it leaves the power station. This device must be mounted on a fireproof base and be in full view of the attendant.

TROLLEY WIRES.

Trolley Wires-Must be:

1. No smaller than No. 0 B. and S. copper, or No. 4 B. and S. silicon bronze, and must readily stand the strain put upon them when in use.

2. Well insulated from their supports, and in case of the side or double-pole construction, the supports shall also be insulated from the poles immediately outside the trolley wire.

3. Capable of being disconnected at the power-house, or of being divided into sections, so that in case of fire on the railway route, the current may be shut off from the particular section and not interfere with the work of the firemen in extinguishing the flames. This rule also applies to feeders.

4. Safely protected against contact with all other conductors. CAR WIRING.

All wires in cars must be run out of reach of the passengers, and shall be insulated with a waterproof insulation.

LIGHTING AND RAILWAY POWER WIRES. Lighting and power wires must not be permitted in the same circuit with trolley wires with a ground return, except in street railway cars, car-houses, and power stations. The same dynamo dynamo for each circuit shall be a double-pole switch so arranged may be used for both purposes, provided the connection from the that only one of the circuits can be in use at the same time.

CLASS F.-BATTERIES.

When current for light and power is taken from primary or secondary batteries, the same general regulations must be observed as apply to such wires fed from dynamo generators, developing the same difference of potential.

CLASS G.-MISCELLANEOUS.

1. The wiring in any building must test free from "grounds" before the current is turned on. This test may be made with a magneto that will ring through a resistance of 20,000 ohms, where currents of less than 250 volts are used.

2. No ground wires for lightning arresters may be attached to gas-pipes with the building.

3. All conductors connecting with telephone, district messenger, burglar-alarm, watch-clock, electric time, and other similar instruments must, if in any portion of their length they are liable to become crossed with circuits carrying currents for light or power, be provided near the point of entrance to the building with some protective device which will operate to shunt the instruments in case of a dangerous rise of potential, and will open the circuit and arrest an abnormal current flow. Any conductor normally forming an innocuous circuit may become a source of fire hazard if crossed with another conductor through which it may become charged with a relatively high pressure.

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In his report for 1890-91 to the Chelsea Vestry, the surveyor (Mr. T. W. E. Higgens) says:

During the past year the electric lighting industry has been making quiet progress in the parish of Chelsea.

The Chelsea Electricity Supply Company, which is the principal company in Chelsea, have added the Lowndes-square district to their area of supply and laid their mains therein. They subsequently obtained consent to the addition of that portion of the parish east of Beaufort-street which had not been previously included in their area of supply. Owing to the prevalence of dense fogs and other causes this company applied to the Board of Trade to be permitted to discontinue supplying electricity during the earlier hours of the day, but this permission was not given. At the end of February last this company were lighting 215 houses.

The London Electric Supply Corporation have not carried out any works in Chelsea during the past year, and are still only lighting two houses,

The Cadogan Electric Light Company have laid mains from Titestreet through Tedworth-square and Smith-street to King's-road in accordance with their agreement with the Vestry. The company have been re-formed under the title of the New Cadogan and Belgrave Electric Supply Company, and at the time of the re-formation they suggested to the Vestry that their agreement as to laying mains should be transferred to the new company. The Vestry, however, suggested that the company should apply for a provisional order in the usual manner. This was done, and at the end of the financial year the suggested order was under discussion. At the end of February the company were lighting 16 houses in Chelsea.

The number of houses lighted by electricity in Chelsea was : 1890-91

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1889-90

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* This probably included some houses in the Belgravian district. It is thus seen that there have been about 100 houses which have adopted electric light during last year.

In May, 1890, the Board of Trade forwarded a draft of regula tions which it was proposed to serve upon the London Electric Supply Company. Two slight alterations which I suggested were approved by the Vestry, submitted to the Board of Trade, and subsequently adopted by them and included in the regulations.

Overhead Wires, etc.-During the year, I submitted a somewhat lengthy report on the subject of overhead wires, underground pipes, mains, etc., and also submitted plans showing (as far as possible) the positions of all such pipes, wires, mains, etc. [This report will be found in our issue for March 13 last.-ED. E.E.]

CITY NOTES.

Brazilian Submarine Telegraph Company.-The receipts for the week ended September 18 amounted to £4,849.

Eastern Extension Telegraph Company.-The Directors have declared an interim dividend for the quarter ended 30th June of 2s. 6d. per share.

City and South London Railway. The receipts for the week ending September 20 were £684, against £664 for the week ending 13th inst.

Globe Telegraph Company.-The Directors have declared an interim dividend of 38. per share on the preference shares, and 28. per share on the ordinary shares.

Western and Brazilian Telegraph Company.-The receipts for the week ended September 18, after deducting 17 per cent. of the gross receipts payable to the London-Platino Company, were £3,780.

West India and Panama Telegraph Company.-The estimated receipts for the half-month ended September 15 were £1,855, as compared with £2,446 in the corresponding period of last year. The May receipts, estimated at £5,895, realised £5,992.

Winfields.-The Directors of Winfields, Limited, report a depression in the year ending June 30. The sales had decreased £2,600. The accounts showed a profit of £1,826. 198. 4d., £1,000 of which has been written off for depreciation, etc.; the balance added to that of last year, £3,592. 158. 9d., makes an undivided profit of £4,419. 158. Id., which is required in the business, and no dividend is declared. The Directors have this year issued £4,400 second debentures, and are prepared to receive further £100 5 per cent. debentures, for which the security is sound.

Direct Spanish Telegraph Company.-The report of the Direc tors for the half-year to June 30 states that after providing for debenture interest there is a profit balance of £5,525. With the exception of the interruption of the Barcelona cable from the 3rd to the 14th of April, the cables and the land lines in connection with them continued in good working order throughout the half-year. Of the profit balance £2,500 had been put to the reserve fund, which now amounts to £25,928, leaving £3,025, out of which the Directors recommend a dividend at the rate of 10 per cent. on the preference and one at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, tax free, on the ordinary shares, £270 being carried to the contingencies account.

PROVISIONAL PATENTS, 1891.

SEPTEMBER 14.

15522. Improvements in or relating to conductors for dynamoelectric machines, electric motors, and alternate or direct current transformers. Gilbert Betteley Lückhoff, 214, Whitehorse-road, Croydon, Surrey.

15529. Indicating the direction of the wind on a dial by means of electricity, called “an electric vane." Edward James Starr, Crawley Down, Sussex.

15542. Improvements in telephones.

David Urquhart, 11, Victoria-street, Westminster, London. (L. H. Despeissis, France.)

15575. Improvements in galvanic batteries. August de Meritens, 47, Lincoln's-inn-fields, London.

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15597. An improved battery. Cecil Urquhart Fisher, 45, Holborn Viaduct, London. (Roscoe Henry Thompson, United States.) (Complete specification.)

15621. Improvements in the method of making the plates or elements of a secondary or storage battery. Stanley Charles Cuthbert Currie, 323, High Holborn, London. (Complete specification.)

15644. Improvements in and relating to ceiling blocks or roses and cut-outs for use in connection with electric light and other circuits. Edwin Truman Greenfield and Charles Jacob Kintner, 45, Southampton-buildings, London. (Com plete specification.)

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15834. Improvements for carriers for conical shades for electric or other lamps. Bernard Mervyn Drake and John Marshall Gorham, 66, Victoria-street, Westminster, London.

15849. Improvements in telephonic instruments. Arthur Thomas Collier, 70, Market-street, Manchester. 15868. Improvements in electric arc lamps. Hippolyte Hegner and Ladislas Lenczewski, 46, Lincoln's-inn-fields, London. 15872. Improvements connected with electric motors and elevators. The American Elevator Company, 55, Chancerylane, London. (Otis Bros. and Co., United States.) SEPTEMBER 19.

15882. An improved switch holder for incandescent electric lamps. Henry Heartfield, 42, Pitlake, Croydon. 15922. Improvements incandescent lamps. Reginald Haddan, 18, Buckingham-street, Strand, London. (Gaston Dedreux, Germany.)

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electrical

15937. Improvements in electrical measuring instruments. John Corry Fell, 1, Queen Victoria-street, London. (Edward Weston, United States.)

SPECIFICATIONS PUBLISHED.

1890.

13570. Telegraphic apparatus. Egger. Sd. 16057. Pillars and pendants for electric lamps. Evered and Rudling. 8d.

16223. Electric meters. Burrows. 8d. 16963 Placing conductors for electricity underground. Hartnell. 8d.

17322. Telephones. Hartmann and Braun. 8d. 17941. Charging accumulator batteries.

Siemens Bros. and Co., Limited. (Siemens and Halske). 8d. 19076. Electric safety fuses. Mordey. 6d. 1891.

4468. Casings for electrical switches, etc. Abel. (Messing.) 6d. 9876. Telegraph block systems of railway traffic control. Coombes and Rowe. 8d. 11201. Telephonic communication. Sack and others. Ild. 12455. Electric locomotives Wetter. (Bonneau.) 6d.

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