furnish Shoots for laying to the Wall at Michaelmás 1722. when the Shoots C, D, are to be quite taken from the Vine, unless a Bud or two, to fupply the following Year fome Shoots for laying down.

Fig. 4. gives us the Appearance of the fame Plant at Fig. 3. in its full Growth; and the manner in which the Shoots, or bearing Branches proceeding from those laid down Anno 1721, ought to be nail'd to the Wall 1722.

. F. in Fig. 4. is the fame Shoot as C. in Fig. 3. and G. Fig. 4. is the fame as D. in Fig. 3. The Letters HHHH fhew the Shoots proceeding from them in 1722, and those Shoots mark'd II. point those strong Shoots, which should be preferv'd to fucceed the Shoots F. G. when the Grapes are ripe; for then, as I have obferv'd be fore, F. G. must be taken away.

CHAP

CHA P. VIII. .

An Account of a new Method of Tranf planting Trees of any Bignefs with Safety, either while they are in Bloom, or with Fruit upon them; fo that Gentlemen who come late to their Eftates, may, in a few Days, furnish the Walls of their Gardens with Trees full of Fruit, or plant Wildernesses or Avenues that fhall afford them an immediate Shade, and grow with as much Vigour as if they had not been transplanted.

T has been a general Complaint, that Plantations of all Sorts are fo tedious in their Growth, that under five or fix Years one can hardly expect our Garden Walls, or other Garden Plantations, to yield us a Quantity of Fruit fufficient to answer our Expectations, or reward our Labours: Or would we defire Shade, we must wait ftill much longer for it; and there has been no Redress for either of these Grievances. I have known many noble Perfonages, as well as others, that have lamented

lamented the Want of the Secret to fupplant Time, and call it back, or have wifh'd themfelves twenty Years younger, to begin Plantations to their Mind, or that they might live to reap the Fruits of their own Labours. After this Manner have many of my Acquaintance unfolded their Minds to me, and I have as often taken Part with them in their Uneafiness upon this Occafion; for I was well affured, that upon the Foot of common Practice in Planting and Gardening, there could be no Redress for them.

The first Thoughts that I had to help them out of this Difficulty, related only to Fruit Trees; for which End I contrived the raifing of Fruits of all Kinds, in Cafes or Boxes, that might take to pieces at Pleafure, fo that these Trees might be remov'd with all the Earth about them, from one Place to another, with Safety: And also that fuch Trees, while they were growing in the Nursery in their Cafes, fhould be trained in Efpalier, fo that at their Removal they should fit a Wall at once without Difficulty. This I have fully explain'd in fome of my former Works, and is now in Practice; but then this does not extend further than the propagating of Wall Trees.

The next Knowledge that I gain'd towards the Point in hand, was from Mr. Secretary Johnftoun at Twittenham, where I faw the Advantage of transplanting Trees of all Sorts in Summer: It was a Difcovery of that Gentleman's, and practifed by his Directions with wonderful Success, infomuch that fome Lime-Hedges about ten Foot high were remov'd in May, June and July, and they gave very little Token VOL. II. M

of

of Removal; large Pear-Trees and Apple-Trees were remov'd, and grew in great Profperity, and especially fome Scotch Fir-Trees were tranfplanted out of a Nursery, the fame warm Summer, and had fhot above a Foot before the others remaining in the Nursery began to ftir or move in their Shoot. There was one Thing remarkable in thefe Tranfplantings, that the Fir-Trees had their Heads remaining upon them, which contributed to their better Growth; and it is the common Opinion that Trees of this Kind cannot be tranfplanted when they are of any tolerable Bignefs, tho' these were near thirty Foot high.

The Elm-Hedges were forced to be cut or pruned when they were tranfplanted, to put them into Form; and the Orchard-Trees were lop'd, for the better Convenience of Carriage; however they brought good Fruit the next Year, and, I fuppofe, would have much more, if all their Branches, or the most part of them, had remain'd upon them.

The Method of tranfplanting these Trees, was by preparing Holes for them before they began to be taken up, and the Earth taken out of thofe Holes was made very fine, and mix'd with Water in large Tubs, to the Confistence of thin Batter, with which each Hole was filled, for the Tree to be planted in, before the earthy Parts had Time to fettle or fall to the Bottom. A Tree thus planted in Pap, has its Roots immediately enclos'd, and guarded from the Air, and as the Seafon then difpofes every Part of the Tree for Growth and Shooting, we find that it loses very little of its Vigour, if we have been careful of its Roots, to wound few

of

of them at the taking it out of the Ground, or have not let them grow dry in the Paffage from one Place to another.

The great Succefs which attended this manner of Planting, foon gain'd Credit enough to invite many to follow the Example; but as it had been an old Custom to plant in Winter rather than in Summer, it was thought neceffary by fome People to join that old Custom to the new Invention of the Pap, and fo all was fruftrated; it would have been neceffary to have thought the Tree was not in the fame growing State in Winter that it is in Summer, and that when neither the Draught of the Tree, nor the Temper of the Air, can draw away the extraordinary Wet from the Root which is contain'd in the Pap, then that the Pap about the Root ferves only to chill and rot it; when on the other hand, in the Summer, all Trees are fill'd with fluent Sap, and their chief Refreshment is Water, which neither their own powerful Spirit of Growth, nor the Warmth of the Air, will fuffer to remain too long about them. It is a Season when all Plants of the smaller Kinds, which are carefully remov'd, will strike Root in a Day or two, and I fee no Reason why large Trees will not do the fame in a few Days at that time of the Year; but in the Winter Months the Roots will not renew themfelves; therefore it is not neceffary to tranfplant Trees in that dead Seafon, if it can be avoided, especially in Places abounding with Water; or to fill their Holes at that time with Pap, which, for want of Warmth and vigorous Life in the Trees, muft ftagnate, and corrupt, and injure the Root.