page

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . .3–7.

JBook 1.-Elncient obílogopbg.

CHAPTER I.-PLATO.

Section /.—Conception of WEALTH.

Only incidentally Defined - - - - - - - . I I
Two Senses, Competency and Superfluity . . - - - . I2
“City of Pigs” the First Ideal of the Republic . - - . I 3
Ascetic Conception of Wealth Dominant - - - - . I4

section ZI.—CoNCEPTION OF PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION.

Division of Labour. - - - - - - - - . I 5

A Philosophical Principle - - - - - - - . I6

Analogy of the Arts - - - - - - - - . 16

The Division not Spontaneous - - • * * - . 17

Except in City of Pigs - - - - - - . 17

Economical v. Historical Categories, , . - - - - 17, 18

Difficulty of Separating them. * . . . - - - 18–20

GEco-nomia Large and Small . - - 18

Classification of Arts . - - - IQ

• Exchange - - - - - - - - - - 19, 20

Larger Philosophical Classifications - - - - - I9, 20

Artisans . - - - - - - - - - - 2O, 21

Value - - - - - - - - - - 2O, 21

No Commercial Ambition Allowed. - - - - - . 22

Usury - - - - - - - - - 22

Money . - - - - - - - . 22

Section //Z.—Conception of Civil Society.
Tabula rasa, but not a New Tablet - - - - - -
Basis of Unwritten Primeval Custom a Middle Term between Old

s and New Laws . - - - - - - - - - • 24

SLaws due to Human Weakness, to Strengthen Human Will. 25

Laws to be Worked into Existing Custom, and Share its Authority 25

Does this imply that vöpios prior to quorus 2 . - - - . 26

23

: Plato's Attitude in the Middle. - - - - - . 26

The Philosopher's Principles Declaratory . - - - . 27

This seems to Involve Ratification e.g. of Slavery. - - . 27

| Position of Women. - - - - - - - - . 28

* Labouring Population . - - - - - - - . 29

The State and Society . - - - - - - - 30, 31

Note: Xenophon - - - - - - . 31

CHAPTER II.-ARISTOTLE.

Section I.-ConCEPTION OF WEALTH.

Teleology. - - - - - - - - - - - . 32

8tos réAetos - - - - - - - - - - . 32

Limit of Wealth . - - - - - - - - . 33

Leisure . - - - - - - - . 33

No Universal Philanthropy - - - - - - - . 34

Page

Communism unlike Plato's - - - - - - . 64

Contribution to Political Philosophy - - - - - 64, 65

Law and Custom - - - - - - - - . 66

Francis Bacon - - - - - - - - - 66, 67

.Section III.-Bodin.

State as an Aggregate of Families. - - - - - . 67

Importance of Geographical and Historical Conditions. - . 68

Importance of Middle Class . - - - - - - . 68

Absolutism and Mercantile Theory - - - - - . 69

CHAPTER II.-CROTIUS.

Any International Mediator 2 . - - - - - - . 71

Man a Social Animal . . - - - - - - - . 72

“Utilitas” a Secondary Consideration . - - - - . 72

Law of Nature - - - - - - - - - . 73

Property . - - - - - - - - - - . 73

Law of Nations - - - - - - - - - . 74

Economical Analysis . - - - - - - - . 74

Contract . - - - - - - - - - - . 75

State of Nature - - - - - - - - - . 75

Grotius not Aristotle Redivivus - - - - - - . 75

His Economical Importance . - - - - - - . 76

Two Subsequent Lines of Inquiry . - - - . . . 76

Note: Richard Hooker . - - - - - - . 76

CHAPTER III.—HOBBES.

Like and Unlike Grotius. - - - - - - - . 78

Bellum omnium, Compact of Peace - - - - - . 79

The Leviathan - - - - - - - - - . 79

Criticism of his Political Theory . - - - - - . 8o

Economical Applications - - - - - - - . 8o

Economics not at least oikovopuia . - - - - - ... 81

Unlimited Desires . - - - - - - - - . 81

Equality of Units . - - - - - - - - ... 81

“Nutrition” of a State . - - - - - - - . 82

“Concoctio Bonorum ” . - - - - - - - . 82

Money as the “Blood” . - - - - - - - . 82

Value and Price . - - - - - - - - . 83

Taxation and Luxury . - - - - - - - . 83–

Relief of the Poor . - - - - - - - - . 84

Economics Growing up within Political Philosophy . - . 84

Sponte Acta . - - - - - - - - - . 85

Difficulty of getting out of the Individual . - - - . 86

Note: Spinoza and Pufendorf. - - - - - . 86

CHAPTER IV.-HARRINGTON.

“Oceana” a Political Utopia . - - 87

Popular Government a Government of the Laws, and not of Men 87

Two Elements—(1) Force, Depending on Good Fortune, (2) Au-

thority, Depending on Goods of the Mind . - - . 88

Nature of Former Dependent on Property in Land - - . 88

Agrarian Law Essential . - - - - - - 88