MABLY (Abbé): 144 n., 346.
MACAULAY (T. B.): 218 n., 227 n.,

232, 233 n., 239, 243 n., 261.
MACCULLOCH (J. R.): 246, 258,
MACHIAVELLI (N.): 60-62, 65.
71, 87, 377.

Machines: Ad. Smith's similes

151, 175, 183 Note, failure to
benefit working classes (J. S.
Mill) 257 n., epoch of (Proud-
hon) 332, history of à la
Darwin (Marx) 364 (cf. 367).
MACKENZIE (J. S.): 373 n.
MACKINTOSH (James): 232.
Madmen (cannot combine) 40.
MAINE (H. S.): 85 n.
MALEBRANCHE (N.): 145 Note,

202, 203.

MALTHUS (T. R.): 105, 141 n.,

150, 178, 196, Book III. ch. i.
passim, 236, 237, 240 n., 245,
331, 334, 344, 357 seq., 383,
393.
MANDEVILLE (Bernard): 6, 93 n.,
104, 107 seq., 118, 121, 154,
160, 171, 180, 181, 202, 380,
384.

MARCET (Mrs.): 242 n.
MARSHALL (Prof. A.): 61 n.,
222 n., 299 n.

MARTELLO (T.)

112 n.

("Hiatus"):

MENGER (Prof. Carl): 194 n.,

299 n.
Mercantile theory: 5, 59, 69, 76,

89 (cf. 103), 118, Book 11.
ch. vii., 152-3, 162, 246,
378, 382 seq.

MERCIER DE LA RIVIÈRE: 134.
Metaphysics: 85, 86, 110, 112,

119, 147, 269, 279, 300, 337,
384, 388.

Method of Political Economy:
(J. S. Mill) 241 seq. See also
Abstract Method.

MIASKOWSKY (Prof. A.): 131 n.
MICHELET (J.): 239.

Middle Classes: 68, 69, 70, 83 n.,

233, 234, 249, 258, 320, 370,
391, (bourgeoisie) 338, 339-
MILL (James): Book III. ch. ii. 237,

238, 245, 247, 249, 260, 385.
MILL (J. S.): 18 n., 73 n., 86, 161,

195, 212, 218, 221, 226,
Book III. ch. iii. passim, 270,
386 seq.
MIRABEAU (Marquis de) (the
Elder): 134.

Monarchy: (Hegel) 319. See
also Absolute Monarchy.
Money (Plato) 18, 22, (Aristotle)
37, (Machiavelli) 60, (More)
62 seq., (Bodin) 69, (Hobbes)
82, 83, (Locke) 92 seq., “im-
aginary value" 97 n., helps
accumulation 101, 103,
(Hume) 118, Mercantile
theory 131 seq., (Quesnay)
135, 137, (Ad. Smith) 156,
(J. S. Mill) 239, 258, 263,
(Kant) 274 seq., (Fichte) 286,
speculative prices 289, 290, (cf.
293), (Fichte and More) 290,
(Hegel) 311, (Proudhon) 333,
(Marx) 337, 341, 342, (Engels)
350, (Keary) 365.
Money-making: (Plato) 13, 22,
(Aristotle) 38, (Esthetic
Socialists) 370 seq., 375.
MONTAGUE (Prof. F. C.): 228 n.
MONTCHRÉTIEN (A. de): 377-
MONTESQUIEU (Charles): 67 n.,

125 n., 126, 134 n., 146, 148,
231 n., 381.

Moral Philosophy: (Ad. Smith) its
four parts 147 seq. See also

Ethics.
MORE (Thomas): 62 seq., 69, 71,
85, 87, 146, 290, 292, 377.
MORELLET (Abbé): 129 n.
MORELLY: 144.

MORGAN (Lewis): 349, 367.
MUIRHEAD (J. H.): 361 n.
MUN (Thomas): 130, 146.
Music of the Future, 371.
Musical Combinations 262 n.

Nations, law of: (Grotius) 71 seq.

See also (International) Law.
Nationalizing of the land: 142, and
of capital 257, 368 seq. See
also Land.

Nature: and custom 25, 43, nature
limiting wants 13, natural
rights 6, 27, natural produc-
tion 37, nature goal not
starting-point 41, Greek view
of 42, natural justice (Aris-
totle) 43, (Stoics) 49, 50,
(Canon Law) 52, nature pre-
fers many things to gold and
silver (More) 63, follow nature
(Bodin) 68, 69, natural desires
(Locke) 91, eternal law and
nature of things (ib.) 92 (cf.
98), natural value (ib.) 95,
natural interest (ib.) 96, follow
nature (ib.) 98, nature and
natural in arguments (Hume)
123, permanent elements in
human nature (Hume) 125
(cf. 156), natural right and
natural order (Physiocrats)
137, 140, natural rules of
justice (Ad. Smith) 148,
natural liberty (ib.) 162, 234
(cf. 96, 383), nature makes
individuals not groups (ib.)
165, corrected by man (ib.)
170, nature's means (ib.) 170,
natural jurisprudence (Ad.
Smith) 177, 179, nature versus
reason (ib.) 177, natural price
(ib.) 177, natural rights 235,
Nature (J. S. Mill) 249 seq.,
259, (Kant) 270, 272, 278,

(Fichte) 284 seq., (Krause)
297, 298, natural rights (Hegel)
314, natural laws of Econom-
ists (Marx) 338, natural selec-
tion 174, 357 seq., 393, 394.
Law of Nature: (Berkeley) 104,
natural course of things
(Hume) 107, natural laws
(Ad. Smith) 172. See also
Grotius.
State of Nature: (Grotius) 75,
(Hobbes) 79, 378, (Hooker)
75, 76 (cf. 41), (Locke) 99,
(Hume) 122, (Hegel) 322. See
also Book II. ch. ix. passim.
Necessaries and luxuries: (Plato) 13,

46, 374, (Aristotle) 33, (Epi-
curus) 48, (Machiavelli) 60,
(More) 62, 64, (Grotius) 74,
(Hobbes) 84, (Harrington) 88,
(Locke) 96, (Hume) 107, 116,
117, 125, 384, (Mandeville)
107 seq., 384, (Quesnay) 135,
(Ad. Smith) 153, 154, 159,
162, 170, 171, 172, 383, (God-
win) 202, (Malthus) 212, 213,
(Fichte) 288 seq., (Hegel) 310,
in view of Development 362,
368.
NETTLESHIP (Lewis): 14 n.
NICHOLSON (E. B.): 189 n.

Obligation perfect and imperfect
86, 271.

ONCKEN (Dr. August): 134 n.,
169 n., 170 n., 182, 270.
Open career: 17, 30, 34. See
Nature (natural liberty).
Organism and organization (Kant)

279.

OWEN (Robert): 115, 210, 329,
333, 316.

PAINE (Thomas): 188, 191, 261.
PALEY (Archdeacon): 105.
PALGRAVE (R. H. I.): 40 n., 55 n.,
216 n., 218 n.
PANTALEONI (M.): 219.
Papacy as international mediator,

70.

PARADOL (Prévost): 30 n.
Paraguay Jesuits in 255, 367.

Parliamentary representation: (J.

See

S. Mill) 261, 262 (cf. 265
Note), (Hegel) 320.
PATTEN (Prof. S. N.): 213 n.
Penal laws: 298 n., 305, 312, 313.
Perfectibility (Fichte) 281, (Hegel)
322, (Proudhon) 333.
also Condorcet, Godwin.
PERRY (Prof. A. L.): 201 n.
Personality (Stoics) 50, in rela-
tion to property (Hegel) 303,
to the body (Fichte) 284.
PESTALOZZI (J. H.): 296.
PETTY (William): 146.
Philosophy described 3, relation

to economics etc. 4, 137, 147,
science of connecting prin-
ciples (Ad. Smith) 150, 383,
systems like machines (ib.)
151, philosophy and sciences
(J. S. Mill) 241.
Philosophical Radicals: 187, 203.
Physiocrats: 6, 76, 96, 117, Book

II. ch. vii. passim, 150, 151,
152, 154, 160, 161, 184, 187,
194, 374, 381 seq.
Physiology 4, 16, 82, 83, 156 n.,
243, 244, 251, 252, 279, 317,
362.

Piecework: 162.

PITT (Wm., the Younger): 149 n.,

199, 215.

Plagiarisms: 106 n.
PLATO origin of State 5, econo-

mics Book I. ch. i. passim,
two ideals in Republic 12, 14,
15 n., 17, 18, 28, ideal in
Laws 22, 23, 24, 25, 28,
(Aristotle on) 33, 43, 45,
heavenly city 50 n., Christian
counterparts to Guardians 52,
53, 54, (cf. 291), P. compared
with More 62 seq., 67, “sponte
acta" 85, government 90, 231,
division of labour 95, 101, 155,
City of Pigs 122, justice 127,
168, 381, philosopher kings
203, pseudo-temperance 206,
pleasures differing in kind 247,
human wants, 362.
PLAYFAIR (William): 144.
Pleasure and desire: (Hume) 110

seq., (Bentham) 225, and pain
(Locke) 91, (Bentham) 216
seq., 385, (J. S. Mill) 247,
248, 386, (Kant) 270.
PLECHANOFF (G.): 330 n.
Political Economy: described 3,
distinct study 3, 4, 81, 84,
85, 133, 144, 373, relation to
cognate studies 4, 11, modern
begins with taxation 59, de-
scribed by Hume 105, con-
cerned in metaphysical contro-
versy 112, dealing with things
"limited in supply" (Jones
etc.) 120, touching philoso-
phy 137, the name P. E. 137,
branch of philosophy (Ad.
Smith) 149, narrow and wide
sense 151, 152, including
theory of population 211, de-
fined (J. S. Mill) 241 seq.,
schools of (Marx) 339, con-
cerned with development 355.
cf. 362 seq. See also Eco-
nomy, Classical Economists.
Population: (Aristotle) 45, (More)
65, (Bodin) 68, (Hobbes) 84,
English in 17th century 89 n.,
encouragements to (Harring-
ton and Locke) 89, 94, (Berke-
ley) 104, (Mercantile theory)
131, 132, (Physiocrats) 141,
142, (Ad. Smith) 158, 171, 172,
relation to natural rights 191,
(Godwin) 202 (cf. 205), (Con-
dorcet) 204, (Malthus) 205
seq., (J. S. Mill) 244, 254,
255, 257 n., (Hegel) 314,
(Proudhon) 334, (Marx) 344,
(Darwin) 358, 360, 366.
POSTE (E.): 29 n., 44 n.
Primogeniture: (Hegel) 319.
PRIOR (Matthew): 105.
Production (Plato) 11, 14 seq.,

(Aristotle) 34 seq., (More) 63,
(Locke) 93 seq., (Hume) 112
seq. (cf. 117 seq.), productive
class (Physiocrats) 138, (Ad.
Smith) 161, 171, (J. S. Mill)
249, 252, (Kant) 274 seq.,
(Fichte) 288, (Proudhon) 331,
334, (Marx) 340 seq., for sale

and for use 371 seq. (cf. 351),
391 (cf. 54), feudal 338.
Productive labour 25, 136,
138, 161, cf. 363.
Profits (Marx) 343 (cf. 38). See
also Interest, Usury.
Proletariate: Book V. 1. 11. passim
(cf. 314).

Property (Plato) 22, 29, (Aris-
totle) 33, 45, (canon law) 52,
53, (More) 64, (Grotius) 73,
(Hobbes) 82, (Harrington) 88,
(Locke) 99 seq. (cf. 116), re-
lation to value 120, (Hume)
121 seq., 126 seq., cf. 369, (Phy-
siocrats) 140 seq., (Ad. Smith)
157, 158, 178, (Rousseau)
185, (Godwin) 202, (Bentham)
228, (James Mill) 231, 233,
(J. S. Mill) 239, 254 seq.,
(Kant) 273 seq., (Fichte) 284
seq., 291, 292, (Hegel) 303
seq., (Proudhon) 332 seq.,
laws modifiable in future 394.
Protection (J. S. Mill) 264,
(Fichte) 287 (cf. 133).
Protestantism: 71, 372.
PROUDHON (P. J.): 330 seq., 391.
PRYME (George): 152 n.
Psychology: 4, 6, (Plato) 28, 29,

:

(Aristotle) 42, (Locke) 91,
(Hume) 110 seq., (cf. 120,
137), (Malthus) 212, (Ben-
tham) 221, 225 seq., (James
Mill) 230, (J. S. Mill) 245,
246, (Comte) 244 n., (Hegel)
301, study of motives 374,
380.

Public as consumer: 160.
Public spirit as a motive: 107, 174,

206, 254, 262, 311, 320.
PUFENDORF (Samuel): 76, 86

Note, 89 n., 223, 271.
PULSZKY (Prof. A.): 361 n., 389 n.

QUESNAY (François): 134 seq.,

151.

Race and individual: 277, 278, 388.
RAE (John): 354 Note.
RAYNAL (Abbé): 145, 209.
READ (Samuel): 350 n.

Rebellion (Locke) 100.
Reformation: 367, cf. 329.
Religion and citizenship: 51 (see
Christianity), religion and
ethics in Adam Smith and
Kant 182-3, 271, 318.

Religion, economics and
politics: 332, 336, 347, 351,
364, 367.
Renaissance: 55, 377.
Rent: (Physiocrats) 138, (Mal-
thus) 212.

Revolution accomplished

by

Christianity: 52, occasions of
it 175. French (see France).
Revolutionary socialism: 328 seq.,

340, Hegel's method revolu
tionary 328, 330, 347, 357,

372.
RICARDO (David): 74, 81, 196,

212, 218, 223, 224 n., 236,
237, 246, 264, 309, 336, 339,
344, 345, 385, 387-8, 392.
Right: natural right 27 (cf. 78),

99, 139, 140, right to live
145, 209, Book II. ch. ix.
passim, 284, notion of right
(Krause) 297, rights of man,
6, 50, 97, cf. 368, Declaration
of Rights 188, (Condorcet)
204," Acquired Rights" (Las-
salle) 351, 352.
RITCHIE (D.): 40, 101 n., 361 n.
ROBERTSON (Fred.): 170 n.
RODBERTUS: (Jagetzow) 18 n., 253,

350.
RÖDER (R. D. A.): 297 n.
ROGERS (Thorold): 344.
Rome: Municipality 41, notion of
personality 50, in conflict
with Christianity 51, agra-
rian laws 60, 125, popes as
international mediators 71 (cf.
55), church as centralizing
agency 317, 322, 372, Roman
gens 349, testament 350, 352.
ROMANES (G.): 155 n.
ROSCHER (Prof. Wilhelm): (Bacon)
67 n., (excise, etc.) 83 n.,
(Pufendorf) 86, (Mercantile
theory) 132 n., (Jacob) 242 n.,
deductive, 344.

ROUSSEAU (J. J.): 100 n., 104 n.,

133, 134, 141, 161, 167 n., 168
(Rousseau and Mandeville)
181 Note, state of nature 186,
Swiss ideal 187, influence on
Godwin 199, 200, 203, (Kant)
279, (Fichte) 285, (Hegel)
311, 317, 322, 333, 363.
Roux: on organs of animals 360 n.
RUGE (Arnold): 335.
Russia (Hegel in): 329.

SADLER (Michael T.): 218.
Saint Simonians: 239, 329, 333.
Savage and civilized man: 93, 94,

138, 154, 181 Note, 207 (cf.
213), 259, 349.

SAX (Prof. Emil): 18 n., 180 n.,
219 n., 316 n.

SAY (J. B.): 218, 309, 331.

SMITH (Adam): 6, 15 n., equal
distribution of happiness 61,
on wealth 92, improvements
93, natural liberty 96, original
state of things 101, relation
to Hutcheson 113, more in-
dividualist than Hume 116,
on labour 118, predecessors.
129, 130, 140 n., Book II.
ch. viii. passim, 185, 195, use
of "law" and "principle"
194, followers 199, relation
to Godwin 200, 201, 205 seq.,
to Malthus 210 seq., to Ben-
tham 215, 216, 221, to J. S.
Mill 240, 241, 258, to Kant
270, 271, 275, 276, 309,
(Proudhon) 331, (Marx) 339,
(Hegel) 221, summary 382

seq.

295 n.

School life: (Hegel) 308.
SCHULZE-DELITZSCH: 353.
Selection: sexual 360; natural, see
Nature.

SENIOR (W. N.): 258.
SHAFTESBURY (Lord): 109, 380.
SHELLEY (P. B.): 200 n.
SIDGWICK (Prof. Henry): 218.
SIEYES (Abbé): 335 n.
Silver: the best money (Kant)
275. See also Money.
SIMONIDES: 26.

Sin and atonement: (Ad. Smith)
182.

SKARZYNSKI (Dr. W.): 181 Note.
Slavery (Plato) 21, 27, 28, 29,
(Aristotle)34, 36, 376, replaced
by machines 35, (Stoics) 49,
(Christianity) 53, 353, (More)
64, (Grotius) 74 (cf. 107 n.),
141, (Hegel) 303, 315, 374,
(Engels) 349, 350.

customary morality:

(Hegel) 307.

Social Science: (J. S. Mill) 240

seq.

Socialism: (J. S. Mill) 254 seq.

German-See Books IV.
and V. passim.

Society

spontaneous growth 5,
15, (Plato) 23, 24, ruled by
custom 25, 26, distinct from
state 30, 46, (Epicureans) 48,
Stoics 50, (Grotius) 72, 73,
75, (Locke) 96, 99, 100,
(Hume) 121, (Physiocrats)
139, (Ad. Smith) 148, 159
seq., 163, 174, 179, spon-
taneous 184, (Rousseau) 185,
relation to rights 188, (God-
win) 200 seq., (Bentham) 228,
(J. S. Mill) 259, (Kant) 272,
(Hegel) 310 seq.

SOCRATES: 11, 18, 21, 36 n., 47,
48.

Sophists: 16, 72 n., 78.
SPENCER (Herbert): 16, 196 Note,

218, 300, 362, 389.
SPINOZA: 60, 76, 86, cf. 388.
Sponte acta: 24, 85 (cf. 96), 102,

123, 124, 133, 215, 220, 221,
252, 309, 318, 363, 372, cf.