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1 Lot, Num. 26.

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D.II., one of Mr. Urban's contributors, mentions that he had seen an undated "Address to the Learned: or, an advan

A royal Bible, ruled, with Chorographical tageous lottery for Books in quires; sculps, val.

1 Lot, Num. 27.

61.

A royal Bible with Chorographical sculps,
ruled, val...
6.

1 Lot, Num. 28.

One royal Bible with Chorographical sculps, val. 57.

.....

10 Lot, Num. 29.

Eich a Homer complete, val.

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91.

..61.

wherein each adventurer of a guinea is sure of a prize of two pound value; and it is but four to one that he has a prize of three, six, eight, twelve, or fifty pounds, as appears by the following proposals:" one thousand five hundred lots, at 11. 1s. each, to be drawn with the lots out of two glasses, superintended by John Lilly and Edward Darrel, esqrs., Mr.Deputy Collins, and Mr. William Proctor, stationer, two lots of 50%., ten of 12., twenty of 81, 51. sixty-eight of 6l., two hundred of 31., one thousand two hundred of 31. The undertakers were: Thomas Leigh, and D. Midwinter, at the Rose and Crown, in St. Paul's Church-yard; Mr. Aylmer, at the Three Pigeons, and Mr. Richard Parker, under the Piazza of the Royal Exchange; Mr. Nicholson, in Little Britain; Mr. Took, at the Middle Temple gate, Fleet-street; Mr. Brown, at the Black Swan, without Temple-bar; Mr. Sare, at Gray's-inn gate; Mr. Lownds, at the Savoy gate; Mr. Castle, near Scotland-yard gate; and Mr. Gillyflower, in Westminster-hall, booksellers.

41.

51.

41.

570 Lot, Num. 35. Each the first volume of Esop, val....... 3. 570 Lot, Num. 36.

Each the second volume of Esop, val. ..

31.

The whole number of the lots three thousand, three hundred, and sixty-eight. The number of the blanks as above ordered; so that the total received is but four thousand, one hundred, and ten pounds.

The office where their monies are to be paid in, and they receive their tickets, and where the several volumes or prizes may be daily seen, (by which visual speculation understanding their real worth better then by the ear or a printed paper,) is kept at the Black Boy, over against St. Dunstan's

Letters patent in behalf of the loyalists were from time to time renewed, and, from the Gazette of October 11, 1675, it appears by those dated June 19, and December 17, 1674, there were granted for thirteen years to come, "all lotteries whatsoever, invented or to be invented, to several truly loyal and indigent officers,

in consideration of their many faithful services and sufferings, with prohibition to all others to use or set up the said lotteries," unless deputations were obtained from those officers.

A PENNY LOTTERY.

The most po alar of all the schemes was that dran at the Dorset-garden theatre, neai Salisbury-square, Fleetstreet, with the capital prize of a thousand pound for a penny. The drawing began October 19, 1698; and, in the Protestant Mercury of the following day, "its fairness (was said) to give universal content to all that were concerned." In the next paper is found an inconsistent and frivolous story, as to the possessor of the prize: "Some time since, a boy near Branford, going to school one morning, met an old woman, who asked his charity; the boy replied, he had nothing to give her but a piece of bread and butter, which she accepted. Some time after, she met the boy again, and told him she had good luck after his bread and butter, and therefore would give him a penny, which, after some years' keeping, would produce many pounds: he accordingly kept it a great while; and at last, with some friend's advice, put it into the penny lottery, and we are informed that on Tuesday last the said lot came up with 1000l. prize." However absurd this relation appears, it must be recollected those to whom it was principally addressed had given proof of having sufficient credulity for such a tale, in believing that two hundred and forty thousand shares could be disposed of and appropriated to a single number, independent of other prizes. The scheme of the " Penny Lottery" was assailed in a tract, intituled "The Wheel of Fortune, or Nothing for a Penny; being remarks on the drawing of the Penny Lottery at the Theatre Royal, in Dorset-Garden,' 1698, 4to. Afterwards at this theatre there was a short exhibition of prize-fighters; and the building was totally deserted in 1703. In 1698-9, schemes were started, called "The Lucky Adventure; or, Fortunate Chance, being 20001. for a groat, or 30001. for a shilling :" and "Fortunatus,

or another adventure of 1000l. for a penny" but purchasers were more wary, and the money returned in both cases.The patentees also advertised against the "Marble-board, alias the Woollich-board lotteries; the Figure-board, alias the

Whimsey-board, and the Wyreboard .otteries."*

These patents of the Restoration seem to have occasioned considerable strife between the parties who worked under them. The following verses from "The Post Boy, January 3, 1698," afford some insight to their estimation among sensible people

A DIALOGUE betwixt the NEW Lotts

RIES and the ROYAL OAK.

New Lott. To you, the mother of our
schools,

Where knaves by licence manage fools,
Finding fit juncture and occasion,
To pick the pockets of the nation;
And to their heart's content may cheat 'em.
We come to know how we must treat 'em,
Oak. It cheers my aged heart to see
So numerous a progeny;

I find by you, that 'tis heaven's will
That knavery should flourish still.
You have docility and wit,
And fools were never wanting yet.

Observe the crafty auctioneer,
His art to sell waste paper dear;
When he for salmon baits his hooks,
That cormorant of offal books,
Or carrion crows on horse-flesh feed;
Who bites, as sure as maggots breed,
To sweep what Sl
Fair specious titles him deceive,

and T

-n leave.

If greedy gulls you wou'd ensnare,
Make 'em proposals wondrous fair;
Tell him strange golden show'rs shall fall,
And promise mountains to 'em all.

New Lott. That craft we've already
taught,

And by that trick have millions caught;
Books, bawbles, toys, all sorts of stuff,
Have gone off this way well enough.
Nay, music, too, invades our art,
I'll show you now what we are doing,
And to some tune wou'd play her part.
For we have divers wheels agoing.
We now have found out richer lands
Than Asia's hills, or Afric's sands,
And to vast treasures must give birth,
Deep hid in bowels of the earth;
In fertile Wales, and God knows where,
Rich mines of gold and silver are,
From whence we drain prodigious store
Of silver coin'd, tho' none in ore,
In hopes to make us vomit more.
Which down our throats rich coxcombs pour,

Because not eas'ly understood:
Oak. This project surely must be good,
Besides, it gives a mighty scope
To the fool's argument-vain hope.

• Gentleman's Magazine.

No eagle's eye the cheat can see,
Thro' hope thus back'd by mystery.

New Lott. We have, besides, a thousand

more,

For great and small, for rich and poor,
From him that can his thousands spare,
Down to the penny customer.

Oak. The silly mob in crowds will run, To be at easy rates undone.

A gimcrack-show draws in the rout,
Thousands their all by pence lay out.

New Lott. We, by experience, find it true,
But we have methods wholly new,
Strange late-invented ways to thrive,
To make men pay for what they give,
To get the rents into our hands
Of their hereditary lands,

And out of what does thence arise,
To make 'em buy annuities.
We've mathematic combination,
To cheat folks by plain demonstration,
Which shall be fairly manag'd too,
The undertaker knows not how.
Besides

Oak. Pray, held a little, here's enough,
To beggar Europe of this stuff.
Go on, and prosper, and be great,
I am to you a puny cheat

The "Royal-Oak Lettery," as the rival if not the parent of the arious other demoralizing schemes, obtained the largest share of public odium. The evils it had created are popularly set forth in a remarkable tract, entitled "The Arraignment, Trial, and Condemnation of Squire Lottery, alias Royal-Oak Lottery, London, 1699," 8vo. The charges against the of fender are arrayed under the forms inported by the title-page. The following extracts are in some respects curious, as exemplifying the manners of the times :Die Lunæ vicesimo die Martii 169

Anno Regni, &c.

At the Time and Place appointed, came on the Trial of Squire Lottery, alias RoyalOak Lottery, for abundance of intolerable Tricks, Cheats, and high Misdemeanours, upon an Indictment lately found against him, in order to a National Delivery.

About ten of the Clock, the day and year abovesaid, the Managers came into the Court, where, in the presence of a vast confluence of People of all Ranks, the Prisoner was ordered to the Bar.

Proclamation being made, and a Jury of good Cits which were to try the Prisoner being sworn, the Indictment against Squire Lottery, alias Royal-Oak Lottery,

was read.

Malcolm's Manners,

The Jurors' Names.

Mr. Positive, a Draper in Covent Garden Mr. Squander, an Oilman in Fleet-street. Mr. Pert, a Tobacconist, ditto.

Mr. Captious, a Milliner in PaternosterRow.

Mr. Feeble, a Coffeeman near the Change. Mr. Altrick, a Merchant in Gracechurchstreet.

Mr. Haughty, a Vintner by Grays-Inn, Holborn.

Mr. Jealous, a Cutler at Charing-Cross.
Mr. Peevish, a Bookseller in St. Paul's
Church-yard.

Mr. Spilbook, near Fleet-bridge.
Mr. Noysie, a Silkman upon Ludgate-hill.
Mr. Finical, a Barber in Cheapside.

Cl. of Ma. Squire Lottery, alias Royal Oak Lottery, you stand Indicted by the Name of Squire Lottery, alias Royal-Oak Lottery, for that you the said Squire Lottery, not having the Fear of God in your Heart; nor weighing the Regard and Duty you owe, and of right ought to pay to the Interest, Safety, and Satisfac tion of your Fellow-Subjects; have from time to time, and at several times, and in several places, contrary to the known Laws of this Kingdom, under the shadow and coverture of a Royal Oak, propagated, continued, and carried on a most unequal, intricate, and insinuating Game, to the utter ruin and destruction of many theusand Families: And that you the said Squire Lottery, alias Royal-Oak Lottery, as a common Enemy to all young People, and an inveterate Hater of all good Conversation and Diversion, have, for many years last past, and do still continue, by certain cunning Tricks and Stratagems, insidiously, falsely, and impiously, to trepan, deceive, cheat, decoy, and entice divers Ladies, Gentlemen, Citizens, Apprentices, and others, to play away their Money at manifest Odds and Disadvan tage. And that you the said Squire Lottery, alias Royal-Oak Lottery, the more secretly and effectually to carry on and propagate your base, malicious, and covetous Designs and Practices, did, and do still encourage several lewd and disorderly Persons, to meet, propose, treat, consult, consent, and agree upon several unjust and illegal Methods, how to ensnare and entangle People into your de lusive Game; by which means you have, for many years last past, utterly, intirely, and irrecoverably, contrary to all manner of Justice, Humanity, or good Nature,

despoiled, depraved, and defrauded, an incredible number of Persons of every Rank, Age, Sex, and Condition, of all their Lands, Goods, and Effects; and from the Ruins of multitudes built fiue Houses, and purchased large Estates, to the great scandal and reflection on the Wisdom of the Nation, for suffering such an intolerable Impostor to pass so long unpunished. What say'st thou, Squire Lottery, art thou guilty of the aforesaid Crimes, Cheats, Tricks, and Misdemeanours thou standest Indicted of, or not Guilty?

Lottery. Not Guilty. But, before I proceed to make my Defence, I beg I may be permitted the assistance of three or four learned Sharpers to plead for me, in case any Matter of Law arise.

This being assented to, the Managers of the Prosecution made their speeches in support of the Charge, and called Captain Pasthope.

1st Man. Sir, Do you know Squire Lottery, the Prisoner at the Bar?

Pasthope. Yes, I have known him intimately for near forty years; ever since the Restoration of King Charles.

1st Man. Pray will you give the Bench and Jury an Account what you know of him; how he came into England, and how he has behaved himself ever since.

Pasthope. In order to make my Evidence more plain, I hope it will not be judg'd much out of form, to premise two or three things.

1st Man. Mr. Pasthope, Take your own method to explain yourself; we must not abridge or direct you in any respect.

Pasthope. In the years 60 and 61, among a great many poor Cavaliers, 'twas my hard fate to be driven to Court for a Subsistence, where I continued in a neglected state, painfully waiting the moving of the Waters for several months; when at last a Rumour was spread, that a certain Stranger was landed in England, that in all probability, if we could get him the Sanction of a Patent, would be a good Friend to us all.

Man. You seem to intimate as if he was a Stranger; pray, do you know what Countryman he was?

Pasthope. The report of his Country was very different; some would have him a Walloon, some a Dutchman, some a Venetian, and others a Frenchman indeed by his Policy, cunning Design, Forethought, &c. I am very well satisfied he could be no Englishman.

bring with him to recommend him with so much advantage?

Pasthope. Why, he cunningly took upon him the Character of a Royal-Oak Lottery, and pretended a mighty Friendship to antiquated Loyalists: but for all that, there were those at Court that knew he had been banish'd out of several Countries for disorderly Practices, till at last he pitch'd upon poor easy credulous England for his Refuge.

Man. You say then, he was a Foreigner, that he came in with the Restoration, usurp'd the Title of a Royal Oak, was establish'd in Friendship to the Cavaliers, and that for disorderly Practices he had been banish'd out of several Countries; till at last he was forc'd to fix upon England as the fittest Asylum. But pray, Sir, how came you so intimately acquainted with him at first?

Pasthope. I was about to tell you. In order to manage his Affairs, it was thought requisite he should be provided with several Coadjutors, which were to be dignify'd with the Character of Patentees; amongst which number, by the help of a friendly Courtier, I was admitted for one.

Man. Oh! then I find you was a Patentee. Pray, how long did you continue in your Patentee's Post? and what were the Reasons that urg'd you to quit it at last?

Pasthope. I kept my Patentee's Station nine years, in which time I had clear'd 40007., and then, upon some Uneasiness and Dislike, I sold it for 7001.

Man. Pray, Captain, tell the Court more fully what was the Reason that prevail'd with you to relinquish such a profitable place.

Pasthope. I had two very strong Reasons for quitting my Post; viz. Remorse of Conscience, and Apprehension of consequent Danger. To tell you the truth, I saw so many bad Practices encourag'd and supported, and so many persons of both Sexes ruin'd; I saw so much Villany perfected and projected, and so many other intolerable Mischiefs within the compass of every day's Proceeding, that partly through the stings of my Mind, and the apprehensions I was under of the Mob, with`a great deal of Reluctancy I quitted my Post.

Man. Captain, I find you're nicely qualify'd for an Evidence, pray, therefore, give the Court an Account what Methods the Prisoner us'd to take to advance his

Man. What kind of Credentials did he business.

Pasthope. The way in my time, and I suppose 'tis the same still, was to send out Sharpers and Setters into all parts of the Town, and to give 'em direction to magnify the Advantage, Equality, and Justice of his Game, in order to decoy Women and Fools to come and play away their Money.

Man. Well, but sure he had no Women or Fools of Quality, Rank, or Reputation, that came to him? According to the common Report that passes upon him, there's none but the very Scoundrels and Rabble, the very Dregs and Refuse of Fools, will think him worth their Conversation.

Pasthope. Truly, he had 'em of all sorts, as well Lord-fools and Lady-fools, Knightfools and Esquire-fools, or any other sort of Fools: and, indeed, he made no difference between 'em neither; a Coblerfool had as much respect as a Lord-fool, in proportion to the money he had in his Pocket; and pro hac vice had as extensive a Qualification to command, domineer, and hector, as the best Fool of 'em all.

Man. Did you never observe any of these Fools to get any money of him? I can't imagine what it could be that could influence 'em to embark with him, if there was nothing to be got.

Pasthope. There was never any body that ever got any thing of him in the main: now and then one by chance might carry off a small matter; and so 'twas necessary they should, for otherwise his Constitution must dissolve in course.

Man. Tis a great mystery to me, that so many People should pursue a Game where every body's a Loser at last; but pray, Captain, then, what are the odds the Prisoner is reputed to have against those that play with him?

Pasthope. No body can tell you their Advantage; 'tis a cunning intricate Contexture, and truly I very much question whether the original Projector himself had a perfect Idea of the Odds: at a full Table and deep Play, I have seen him clear 6001. in less than an hour.

Man. What are the Odds he owns himself?

Pasthope. Only 32 Figures against 27, which indeed is Odds enough to insure all the money at length. But this, it seems, was an Advantage that was allow'd him, that he might be able to keep a good House, relieve the Poor, and pay an annual Pension to the Crown or the Courtiers.

ment he's to keep a good House: pray after all, what sort of House is it he does keep?

Past. Why, he dines at the Tavern, where any body that has 40 or 50% to play away with him the Afternoon, may be admitted into his Company.

Man. What, does he entertain none but those that have 40 or 50l. to lose?

Past. He never converses with any Person that has no money if they have no money, their Company's burdensom and ungrateful, and the Waiters have Directions to keep 'em out.

Man. Does he do this to the very Per sons he has ruin'd, and won all they have? That, methinks, is a pitch of Barbarity beyond the common degree: I hardly ever read or heard of any thing so exaltedly cruel and brutish, in all the Accounts of my Life.

Past. I have seen abundance of Examples of this nature, one, in particular, which I shall never forget; a poor Lady, that had lost 3501. per annum to him, be side two or three thousand pounds in ready money, basely and inhumanly hai'd out of doors, but for asking for a glass of Sack.

Man. You were mentioning his Charity to the Poor too; is there any thing of reality in that?

Past. For my part, I never heard of one good Act he has done in the whole course of his Life: secret Charity is the most meritorious, 'tis true; and perhaps it may be that way he may communicate his, for indeed I never heard of any he did in publick.

Man. You were mentioning too an annual Pension to the Crown; what is it he pays to the Crown?

Past. Indeed I cannot be positive in that: to the best of my remembrance 'tis four thousand pounds per annum : in compensation for which, beside the general liberty he has to cheat and abuse the World, he has the sole Privilege of Licensing all other Cheats and Impostors, commonly known by the Name of Lotteries.

2d Man. You were speaking something, Captain Pasthope, just now, as if the Prisoner was intrusted with these Advantages for the benefit of some poor Cavaliers, which were to be the Patentees, as you call 'em. Pray tell the Jury what kind of Cavaliers these Patentees were.

Past. That was all but a Blind, a pure Trick to deceive the World: the Patentees, in the main, were either Sharpers or Man. You say, by his original Agree- broken Tradesman, or some such sort or

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