12. CLOTHWORKERS' HALL, on the east side of MINCING LANE, FENCHURCH STREET. A handsome building, erected 1860. King James I. incorporated himself into the Clothworkers, as men dealing in the principal and noblest staple ware of all these Islands. "Beeing in the open hall, he asked who was master of the company, and the Lord Mayor answered, Syr William Stone; unto whom the King said, 'Wilt thou make me free of the Clothworkers?' 'Yea,' quoth the master, and thinke myselfe a happy man that I live to see this day.' Then the King said, Stone, give me thy hand, and now I am a Clothworker.' Pepys, who was Master in 1677, presented a richly-chased silver cup, called "The Loving Cup," still in the possession of the Company, and used on all festive

occasions.

Of the other Halls of Companies the most important are― APOTHECARIES' HALL, WATER LANE, BLACKFRIARS. A brick and stone building, erected in 1670 as the Dispensary and Hall of the Incorporated Company of Apothecaries. "Nigh where Fleet Ditch descends in sable streams, To wash his sooty Naiads in the Thames,

There stands a structure on a rising hill,
Where tyros take their freedom out to kill."

Garth, The Dispensary.

The Grocers and the Apothecaries were originally one Company; but this union did not exist above eleven years, King James I., at the suit of Gideon Delaune (d. 1659), his own apothecary, granting (1617) a charter to the Apothecaries as a separate Company. In the Hall is a small good portrait of James I., and a contemporary statue of Delaune. In 1687 commenced a controversy between the College of Physicians and the Company of Apothecaries, the heats and bickerings of which were the occasion of Garth's poem of The Dispensary. The Apothecaries have a Botanic Garden at Chelsea; and still retain the power of granting certificates to competent persons to dispense medicines. In the Hall is a well-supported retail-shop, for the sale of unadulterated medicines.

STATIONERS' HALL, STATIONERS' HALL COURT, LUDGATE HILL. The Hall of the "Master and Keepers or Wardens and Commonalty of the Mystery or Art of the Stationers of the City of London," the only London Company entirely restricted to the members of its own craft. The Company was incorporated in the reign of Philip and Mary, and the present Hall

erected on the site of Burgaveny House, belonging to Henry Nevill, sixth Lord Abergavenny (d. 1587). The Hall was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666, when the Stationers of London (the greatest sufferers on that occasion) lost property, it is said, to the amount of 200,000l. Observe.-Portraits of

Prior and Steele (good); of Richardson, the novelist, Master of the Company in 1754, and of Mrs. Richardson, the novelist's wife (both by Highmore); of Alderman Boydell, by Graham; of Vincent Wing, the astrologer; Wing died in 1668, but his name is still continued as the compiler of the sheet almanacks of the Stationers' Company. The Stationers' Company, for two important centuries in English history, had nearly the entire monopoly of learning. Printers were obliged to serve their time to a member of the Company, and every publication, from a Bible to a ballad, was required to be "Entered at Stationers' Hall." The service is now unnecessary; but under the actual Copyright Act, the proprietor of every published work is required, for his own protection, to register in the books of the Stationers' Company, its title, owner, and date of publication, in order to secure it from piracy. The fee is 5s. The number of Freemen is between 1000 and 1100, and of the livery, or leading persons, about 450. The Company's capital is upwards of 40,000l., divided into shares varying in value from 40l. to 4007. each. The great treasure of the Company is its register of works entered for publication, commencing in 1557, published by the Shakespeare Society. The only publications which the Company continues to make are almanacks, of which they had once the entire monopoly, and a Latin Gradus. Almanack day at Stationers' Hall (every 22nd of November, at 3 o'clock) is a sight worth seeing, for the bustle of the porters anxious to get off with early supplies. The celebrated Bible of the year 1632, with the important word "not" omitted in the seventh commandment, "Thou shalt commit adultery," was printed by the Stationers' Company. The omission was made a Star-Chamber matter by Archbishop Laud, and a heavy fine laid on the Company for their neglect.

In the Hall of the ARMOURERS' COMPANY, Coleman-street, is a noble collection of mazers, hanaps, and silver-gilt cups, not to be matched by any other company in London, besides some curious old armour.

At BARBER-SURGEONS' HALL, Monkwell-street, City, is the fine picture, by Holbein, of Henry VIII. presenting the charter to the Company, the most important work now existing of Holbein's painting in England. At the same Hall are two silver-gilt cups, one of great beauty, presented by Henry VIII.

the other, scarcely inferior, by Charles II. At WEAVERS' HALL, 22, Basinghall-street, is an old picture of William Lee, the Cambridge scholar, who is said to have invented the loom for weaving stockings: the picture represents him pointing out his loom to a female knitter. At SADDLERS' HALL, Cheapside, is a fine Funeral Pall of 15th century work, inferior, however, to the Pall at the Fishmongers'. At CARPENTERS' HALL, Carpenters' Buildings, London Wall, were to be seen four paintings in distemper, of a date as early as the reign of Edward IV.; ancient caps and crowns of the Master and Wardens. At PAINTER-STAINERS' HALL, Little Trinity Lane, is a portrait of Camden, the antiquary (son of a painter-stainer), and a Loving Cup, bequeathed by him to the Company, and used every St. Luke's Day.

The ARTILLERY GROUND (FINSBURY SQUARE, West side) has been the exercising ground since 1622 of the Honourable Artillery Company of the City of London. The old City Trained Band was established 1585, during the fear of a Spanish invasion; new formed in 1610, and a weekly exercise in arms was adhered to with strict military discipline. When the Civil War broke out, the citizens of London (then carefully trained to war) took up arms against the King; and on all occasions, more especially at the battle of Newbury, behaved with admirable conduct and courage. Since the Restoration, they have led a peaceable life, and, except in 1780, when their promptness preserved the Bank of England, have only been called out on state occasions, such as the public thanksgiving (1705) for the victories of the Duke of Marlborough, when Queen Anne went to St. Paul's, and the Westminster Militia lined the streets from St. James's to Temple Bar, and the City Trained Bands from Temple Bar to St. Paul's. The musters and marchings of this most celebrated Company are admirably ridiculed by Fletcher in The Knight of the Burning Pestle; and the manner in which their orders were issued, by Steele, in No. 41 of the Tatler. I need hardly add, that John Gilpin was a Train-band Captain.

"A Train-band Captain eke was he

Of famous London town."

The Colonel of the Company is always a person of rank and position, and the force is 400 or 500 men, many of them sons of gentlemen, armed with rifles, and good shots. They have 4 pieces of cannon.

XXVI.-EMINENT PERSONS BORN IN LONDON.

ST. THOMAS BECKET, Archbishop of Canterbury, behind the Mercers' Chapel in the Poultry.

SIR THOMAS MORE, Lord Chancellor, in Milk-street, Cheapside. LORD BACON, Lord Chancellor, in York House, on the site of Buckingham-street in the Strand.

THOS. WENTWORTH, EARL OF STRAFFORD, in Chancery-lane. THE GREAT EARL OF CHATHAM, in the parish of St. James's, Westminster.

WILLIAM CAMDEN, author of "Britannia," in the Little Old
Bailey, near St. Sepulchre's Church.

JOHN STOW, the historian of London.
CHAUCER, the father of English Poetry.

SPENSER, author of the Faerie Queene, in East Smithfield, near the Tower, it is said.

BEN JONSON, in Hartshorne-lane, near Northumberlandstreet, Charing-cross, it is said.

MILTON, in Bread-street, Cheapside, where his father was a scrivener at the sign of the Spread Eagle.

COWLEY, in Fleet-street, near Chancery-lane, where his father was a grocer.

POPE, in Lombard-street, where his father was a linen-draper. GRAY, at 41, Cornhill, where his father was a linen-draper. LORD BYRON, at No. 16, Holles-street, Cavendish-square, where his mother lodged, 1788.

INIGO JONES, in or near Cloth Fair, Smithfield, where his father was a clothworker.

HOGARTH, in Bartholomew-close, Smithfield.

His father was

corrector of the press to the booksellers in Little Britain. BP. LANCELOT ANDREWES, 1565, in Tower-street. His father was a seaman attached to the Trinity House.

PENN, the founder of Pennsylvania, in the house of his father the Admiral, on Great Tower-hill, on the E. side, within a court adjoining to London Wall.

LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU, in the Piazza, Covent-garden. HORACE WALPOLE, 24, Arlington-street, Piccadilly, residence of Sir Robert Walpole.

C. J. Fox, in Conduit-street, Bond-street.

LORD CORNWALLIS, in Grosvenor-square, 1738.

EMINENT PERSONS BURIED IN LONDON AND
ITS IMMEDIATE VICINITY.

Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, Westminster Abbey.

St. Peter's-ad-Vincula, Tower.
Ditto.

Villiers, 1st & 2d Dukes of Buckingham, Westminster Abbey.