Oxford, founded by Sir Thomas White, belong to Merchant Taylors'; 8 exhibitions at Oxford, 6 at Cambridge, and 4 to either University, averaging from 30l. to 70l. per annum, besides a multitude of smaller exhibitions, are also attached to it. The election to these preferments takes place annually, on St. Barnabas' Day, June 11th, with the sanction of the President or two senior Fellows of St. John's. This is the chief speech-day, and on it the school prizes are distributed; but there is another, called "the doctors' day," in December. Plays were formerly acted by the boys of this school, as at Westminster. The earliest instance known was in 1665. Garrick, who was a personal friend of the then Head-Master of his time, was frequently present, and took great interest in the performances. Eminent Men educated at Merchant Taylors' School.-Bishop Andrews, Bishop Dove, and Bishop Tomson (three of the translators of the Bible): Edwin Sandys, the traveller, the friend of Hooker; Bulstrode Whitelocke, author of the Memorials which bear his name; James Shirley, the dramatic poet; the infamous Titus Oates; Charles Wheatley, the ritualist; Neale, the author of the History of the Puritans; Edmund Calamy, the nonconformist, and his grandson of the same name; Edmund Gayton, author of the Festivous Notes on Don Quixote; John Byrom, author of the Pastoral, in the Spectator,

"My time, O ye Muses, was happily spent ;"

Luke Milbourne, Dryden's antagonist; Robert, the celebrated Lord Clive; Charles Mathews, the comedian; and Lieut.-Col. Dixon Denham, the African traveller.

CITY OF LONDON SCHOOL, MILK STREET, CHEAPSIDE, established 1835, for the sons of respectable persons engaged in professional, commercial, or trading pursuits; and partly founded on an income of 900l. a-year, derived from certain tenements bequeathed by John Carpenter, town-clerk of London, in the reign of Henry V., "for the finding and bringing up of four poor men's children with meat, drink, apparel, learning at the schools, in the universities, &c., until they be preferred, and then others in their places for ever." The school year is divided into three terms: Easter to July ; August to Christmas; January to Easter; and the charge for each pupil is 21. 5s. a term. The printed form of application for admission may be had of the secretary, and must be filled up by the parent or guardian, and signed by a member of the Corporation of London. The general course of instruction includes the English, French, German, Latin, and Greek

P

languages, writing, arithmetic, mathematics, book-keeping, geography, and history. Besides 8 free scholarships on the foundation, equivalent to 35l. per annum each, and available as exhibitions to the Universities, there are the following exhibitions belonging to the school :-The "Times" Scholarship, value 30l. per annum; 3 Beaufoy Scholarships, the Salomons Scholarship, and the Travers Scholarship, 50l. per annum each; the Tegg Scholarship, nearly 20l. per annum ; and several other valuable prizes. The first stone of the School was laid by Lord Brougham, October 21st, 1835.

THE GOVERNMENT SCHOOL OF DESIGN-South Kensington Museum was established (1837) by the Board of Trade for the Improvement of Ornamental Art, with regard especially to the staple manufactures of this country. Mode of Admission.-The recommendation of a householder. The Library of Ornamental Art is very accessible not only to artists but to poor workmen, who can take down and consult any illustrated work (and in these the library is very rich), however expensive, on payment of one penny. The course of instruction comprehends Elementary drawing, colouring; drawing the figure after engraved copies from casts; painting the figure from casts; geometrical drawing applied to ornament; perspective; modelling from engraved copies, design, &c. There is also a class for wood-engraving under the direction of Mr. John Thompson, our best engraver on wood. The greatest number of students of the same calling are the ornamental painters and house-decorators; the next most numerous are draughtsmen and designers for various manufactures and trades. In connection with the headschool at Brompton, schools have been formed in many of the principal manufacturing districts throughout the country.

Besides these, the visitor curious about modes of education should visit the "Wesleyan Normal College," Horseferryroad, Westminster, established 1850 (James Wilson, architect), for the training of school-masters and mistresses, and the education of the children residing in the locality; and the "Ragged School," in South Lambeth, founded by the late Mr. Beaufoy (d. 1851); the Normal School, in the Fulham-road.

XXIII.-HOSPITALS AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.

IN London there exist nearly 550 Charitable Institutions (or parent societies), divided into

General Medical Hospitals.

Medical Charities for special purposes; such as Small Pox, Consumption, Cancer, &c.

General Dispensaries.

Institutions for the preservation of life and public morals. Societies for reclaiming the fallen and staying the progress of crime.

Societies for the relief of general destitution and distress.

Societies for aiding the resources of the industrious (exclusive of loan funds and savings' banks).

Societies for the deaf and dumb and the blind.

Colleges, Hospitals, and Institutions of Almshouses for the aged.
Pension Societies.

Provident Societies chiefly for specified classes.

Asylums for orphan and other necessitous children.

Educational Foundations.

School Societies, Religious Books, Church-aiding, and Christian
Visiting Societies.

Bible and Missionary Societies,

and disbursing annually in aid of their respective objects 1,805,635., of which upwards of 1,000,000l. is raised by voluntary contributions.

Of these institutions five are Royal Hospitals. One for the education of youth (Christ's Hospital); three for the cure of disease (St. Bartholomew's, St. Thomas's, and Bethlehem).

The leading institutions which the stranger or resident in London will find best worth visiting are:

ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL, in SMITHFIELD, the earliest institution of the kind in London, occupying part of

the Priory of St. Bartholomew, founded A.D. 1102, by Rahere, the first Prior; repaired and enlarged by the executors of Richard Whittington, the celebrated Mayor; and founded anew, at the dissolution of religious houses, by Henry VIII., "for the continual relief and help of an hundred sore and diseased;" the immediate superintendence of the Hospital being committed by the king to Thomas Vicary, SerjeantSurgeon to Henry VIII., Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, and author of "The Englishman's Treasure," the first work on anatomy published in the English language. The great quadrangle of the present edifice was built (1730-33) by James Gibbs, architect of the church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. The gate towards Smithfield was built in 1702, and the New Surgery in 1842. This Hospital gives relief to all poor persons suffering from accident or diseases, either as in-patients or out-patients. Accidents, or cases of urgent disease, may be brought without any letter of recommendation or other formality at all hours of the day or night to the Surgery, where there is a person in constant attendance, and the aid of the Resident Medical Officers can be instantly obtained. General admission-day, Thursday, at 11 o'clock. Petitions for admission to be obtained at the Steward's Office, any day, between 10 and 2. The Hospital contains 580 beds, and relief is afforded to 70,000 patients annually. The inpatients are visited daily by the Physicians and Surgeons : and, during the summer session, four Clinical Lectures are delivered weekly. Students can reside within the Hospital walls, subject to the rules of the Collegiate system, established under the direction of the Treasurer and a Committee of Governors of the Hospital. Some of the teachers and other gentlemen connected with the Hospital also receive Students to reside with them. Between 2001. and 300l. are spent every year for strong sound port wine, for the sick poor in Bartholomew's Hospital. It is bought in pipes, and drawn off as needed. Nearly 2000 lbs. weight of castor oil; 200 gallons of spirits of wine, at 178. a gallon; 12 tons of linseed meal; 1000 lbs. weight of senna; 27 cwt. of salts, are items in the annual account for drugs; the grand total spent upon physic, in a twelvemonth, being 2,600l. 5000 yards of calico are wanted for rollers for bandaging; to say nothing of the stouter and stiffer fabric used for plaisters. More than half a hundred weight of sarsaparilla is used every week, a sign how much the constitutions of the patients require improvement. In a year, 29,700 leeches were bought for the use of the establishment. A ton and a half of treacle is annually used in syrup. Harvey, the discoverer of the circulation of

the blood, was Physician to the Hospital for 34 years (1609-43). St. Bartholomew's enjoys a high reputation as a School of Medicine, and is resorted to by a large number of pupils. Edward Nourse, Drs. William and David Pitcairn, and Abernethy have in turn lectured here. Lectures on Anatomy and Surgery, Physiology, and other branches of medicine, are given in a large Theatre, well adapted for the purpose. Students have access to the Museums of Anatomy, Materia Medica, Botany, and to a well-furnished Library. Prizes and honorary distinctions are yearly given to the most deserving pupils, and several scholarships worth 451. to 50l. per annum are obtainable by competition. In 1843, the Governors founded a Collegiate Establishment, to afford the Pupils the moral advantages, together with the comfort and convenience, of a residence within the walls of the Hospital, and to supply them with ready guidance and assistance in their studies. The chief officer of the College is called the Warden. The President of the Hospital must have served the office of Lord Mayor. The qualification of a Governor is a donation of 100 guineas. The greatest individual benefactor to St. Bartholomew's was Dr. Radcliffe, physician to Queen Anne, who left the yearly sum of 500l. for ever, towards mending the diet of the Hospital, and the further sum of 100l. for ever, for the purchase of linen. Observe.-Portraits: Henry VIII. in the Courtroom, esteemed an original, though not by Holbein; of Dr. Radcliffe, by Kneller; Perceval Pott, by Sir J. Reynolds; Abernethy, by Sir T. Lawrence. The Good Samaritan, and The Pool of Bethesda, on the grand staircase, were painted gratuitously by Hogarth; for which he was made a governor for life. The income of the Hospital is between 30,000l. and 40,000l. a year.

BETHLEHEM HOSPITAL (vulg. BEDLAM), in ST. GEORGE'S FIELDS. An hospital for insane people, founded (1547) in the reign of Henry VIII. On the dissolution, that king bestowed the suppressed priory of Our Lord of Bethlehem, founded 1246 by Simon Fitz Mary, Sheriff of London, on the City of London, by whom it was first converted into an hospital for lunatics. Fitz-Mary's Hospital which stood in Bishopsgate Without (where now is Bethlem Court), was taken down in 1675, and a second Hospital built in Moorfields, "at the cost of nigh 17,000l." Of this second Bedlam (Robert Hooke, architect) there is a view in Strype. It was taken down in 1814, and the first stone of the present Hospital (James Lewis, architect) laid April