phragmitis, four and three-quarter inches long; reddish-brown above; buff below; noted for singing at night, and imitating the notes of other birds; SAVI'S WARBLER, S. luscinoïdes, five and a half inches long; reddish-brown above; pale brown beneath; a rare species in Southern Europe. The REED-WARBLER, S. arundinacea, five and a half inches long; pale brown above; pale

THE REED-WARBLER.

-This includes the BLACK-CAP WARBLER, C. atricapilla, five

buff below; has a pleasing and varied song, sometimes repeated at night, and is noted for making its nest upon several branches of reeds rising out of the water, this being formed by winding long grass horizontally round and round, with a mixture of wool and small reedbranches, the whole being lined. with fine grass and long hairs; found in Middle and Southern Europe; the RUFOUS SEDGEWARBLER, S. galactotes, is seven inches long; fawn-color above; delicate fawn beneath; found in Southern Europe.

Genus CURRUCA: Curruca. and three-quarter inches long; the head black; body ash-brown above; white beneath; inferior only to the nightingale in the quality of its song; found throughout Europe: the GARDEN-WARBLER or GREATER PRETTY CHAPS, C. hortensis, six inches long; brown above; brownish-white beneath; and noted for its wild and rapid but mellow song; found throughout Europe: the COMMON WHITETHROAT, C. cinerea, five and a half inches long; reddish-brown above; beneath pale brownish-white, tinged with rose; a numerous and common species throughout Europe: the LESSER WHITE-THROAT, C. sylviella, five and a quarter inches long; smokegray above; beneath white, tinged with red; found throughout Europe: the ORPHEUS WARBLER, C. Orphea, six and a half inches long; ashy-gray above; beneath white, tinged with gray.

Genus MELIZOPHILUS: Melizophilus. This includes the DARTFORD WARBLER, FURZELING, Or or FURZEWREN, M. Dartfordiensis, named from being found near Dartford, in England; five inches long; found in

Southern Europe; a permanent resident in England, France, &c.

Genus REGULUS: Regulus.-This includes the GOLDEN-CRESTED REGULUS OF KInglet, R. or cristatus---Roitelet huppé of the French-an exceedingly minute species, three and a half inches long; yellowish olive-green above, and yellowish-gray beneath, the crown of the head being adorned with a yellowish crest, bordered on each side with black. It lives in the woods, and may often be seen associating with tits and creepers. Its nest is a cup-shaped structure of moss, frequently lined with feathers; found throughout Europe: the FIRE-CRESTED WREN, R. ignicapillus, is somewhat smaller even than the preceding, its colors being somewhat more brilliant; also common in Europe: the DALMATIAN REGULUS, R. modestus, is four inches long; greenish-yellow above, beneath pale yellow; found in Southern Europe.

The AMERICAN GOLDEN-CRESTED WREN or KINGLET, R. satrapa, is four inches long; olive-color above; grayish-white tinged with yellowish-brown beneath; found from Mexico to Labrador; breeds in the latter region; migrates into the United States in September, where it spends the winter. These birds associate in groups, each composed of a family, and are seen feeding in company with titmice, nut-hatches, and brown creepers. They are extremely lively and playful, often seizing their insect prey on the wing, as well as upon the leaves and bark of the trees. The RUBYcrowned KinglET, R. calendula, is four and a quarter inches long; dull olive above; under parts grayish-white; found in the same regions as the preceding. CUVIER'S KINGLET, R. Cuvierii, is four and a quarter inches long; grayish-olive above; grayish-white beneath; found in Pennsylvania.

Genus ORTHOTOMUS: Orthotomus.-This includes the TAILOR-BIRD-Sylvia sutoria of Latham; O. Bennetii of Sykes-an East Indian species, nearly five inches long, of an olive-green

above and white beneath; top of the head bright red. This bird more than any other approaches human art in building its nest; it usually picks up the dead leaf of a tree and regularly sews, it to a living leaf by the edges, thus forming a sort of pendulous pouch, which is of course supported by the foot-stalk of the leaf which is still attached to the parent tree. In some cases, however, it employs two contiguous living leaves. The thread used in this operation is in some cases spun from raw cotton by the bird, in others common cotton thread is made use of, and some nests exhibit both these materials. The pouch thus formed is left open at the top, and the bottom is occupied by the nest itself, which is usually composed of cotton and flax, neatly woven together, and lined with horse-hair. In these ingenious little cradles the Tailor-Birds lay their eggs and bring up their young, secure young, secure-through the slenderness of their communication with the tree that supports them—from the attacks of the monkeys, snakes, and other enemies, who would otherwise frequently destroy their hopes. Their food consists of insects, which they capture either upon the bark and leaves of trees, or upon the ground. There are still other species.

Genus DRYMOICA: Drymoica.-This includes the PINC-PINC, D. textrix, found in Southern Africa; it is about the size of a wren, which it resembles in its constant activity and the incessant jerking of its tail, at the same time crying pinc, pinc, pinc; it is black and brown above, and brown and red below; its nest is externally more than a foot in diameter, consisting of the woolly parts of plants woven compactly together, with an opening in the middle, three inches in width.

:

The SPOTTED WARBLER, D. maculosa, is a familiar species in Southern Africa; it is a great favorite with the colonists, who permit it to enter their houses and freely pick up the crumbs.

It is six inches long, its color brown above and yellowish-white beneath. This genus also includes the CISTICOLE WARBLER, D. cisticola, four and a half inches long, and celebrated for the ingenuity with which it builds its nest. This is placed in a tuft of strong, coarse grass, and is purse-shaped, with an opening at the side.

Genus EPTHIANURA: Epthianura.-The species of this belong to Australia, of which an example is the WHITE-FRONTED EPTHIANURA, dark gray above, white beneath; forehead, face, and throat white.

The American Warblers are very numerous, about forty species being known in the United States; far the greater part are migratory, as are their congeners in Europe, moving to the north in spring and to the south in autumn; most of them, however, spending the gay season among us, and enlivening our spring and summer landscapes by their lively sports, their cheerful labors, and their delicious songs. They are embraced by naturalists under the family name of Sylvicolidæ, and ranged under several genera.