there; the house and grounds are thrown open to members on special occasions; and on the poet's birthday memorial ceremonies are held. For an extended review of Whittier's career and writings, cp. "Poets of America," chap. iv. [L. C. B.]

WILCOX, Ella Wheeler, b. Johnstown Centre, Wis., 185-. She was educated at the University of Wisconsin, and was married, 18ST, to Robert M. Wilcox, of Meriden, Conn. Her home is in New York City. Among her writings are Drops of Water," temperance poems, 1872; "Shells," 1873; Maurine, and Other Poems," 1882; Poems of Passion," 1883; Mal Moulée," story, 1883; "Poems of Pleasure," 1888; "Custer, and Other Poems,” 1895.

WILDE, Richard Henry, lawyer, b. Dublin, Ireland, 1789; d. New Orleans, La., 1817. Reared in poverty, but a natural poet and scholar. Prepared himself for the law and rose by his own effort to a position of eminence in letters and in public life. Lived in Italy from 1835 to 1810, Was afterward until his death a prominent lawyer in New Orleans, Author of fugitive poems, notably "My Life is Like a Summer Rose." Wrote also, as a result of his Italian studies, Conjectures and Researches Concerning the Love, Madness, and Imprisonment of Torquato Tasso," 1842.

WILKINS, Mary Eleanor, b. Randolph, Mass., 1862. Miss Wilkins is known by her prose work rather than by her poetry, of which she has written comparatively little. Early in 1893, Giles Corey," a poetic drama, was produced in Boston, under the auspices of The Theatre of Arts and Letters. Her well-known novels are charming realistic tales of New Eng land, delineating the life and manners of its people.

WILKINSON, William Cleaver, D. D., b. Westford, Vt., 1833. A Baptist clergyman, formerly professor in the Rochester Theological Seminary, and professor of poetry and criticism at the University of Chicago since 1892. Among his writings are "A Free Lance in the Field of Life and Letters, 1871; "Webster, an Ode," 1882; "Poems," 1883; " Edwin Arnold as Poetizer and Paganizer," 1884; "The Epic of Saul," 1891; "A College Greek Course in English," 1893; "The Epic of Paul," 1898,

WILLARD, Emma (Hart), educator. b. New Berlin, Conn., 1787; d. Troy, N. Y., 1870. She conducted the Troy female seminary from 1821 to 1838, inaugurating many reforms in the education of women. She was the author of several prose works, and of "* Poems," 1880, the latter including the well-known Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep."

WILLIAMS, Francis Howard, b. Philadelphia, Penn., 1844. Connected with a trust company in Philadelphia, and an able contrib utor to various journals. Author of "The Princess Elizabeth: a Lyric Drama," 1880;

"The Higher Education," comedy, 1881; “A Reformer in Ruffles," comedy, 1881; "The dora: a Christmas Pastoral," 1882; "Master and Man," play, 1884; "Boscosel," short story in the collection, "The Septameron," Iss "Atman: the Documents in a Strange Case," story, 1891; "Pennsylvania Poets of the Prevençal Period," essay, 1996; The Flute Player, and Other Poems,” 1894.

WILLIS, Nathaniel Parker, poet and essayist, b. Portland, Me., 1866; d. “Idlewild, near Newburgh, N. Y., 1867. Wou at Yale, where he was graduated, 1827, a prize for the best poem. His earliest verses appeared in the Youth's Companion " and " Boston Recorder," both founded by his father. In 182), he established the "American Monthly Maga zine," afterwards the "New York Mirror." In 1831 he visited Europe and the East, contributing letters to the Mirror." A rebuke from Capt. Marryat in the "Metropolitan Magazine, for reporting private interviews, led to a bloodless duel. In 1839 he published the "Corsair," to which Thackeray contrib uted. In 1846 he founded, with G. P. Morris, the "Home Journal,” remaining associate editor till his death, at the estate on the Hudson named which he purchased in 1846 and "Idlewild." Published Poetical Scripture Sketches," 1827 ; ** Melanie, and Other Poetus,” "Lady Jane, and Other Poems," 1811; and many volumes of brilliant prose sketches, letters, travels, etc. A complete edition of his poems appeared in 1865. Up. "Poets of America, pp. 41, 42.

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WILLSON (Byron), Forceythe, b. Little Genesee, N. Y., 1837 ; d. Alfred, N. Y., 1967. He spent part of his childhood in Kentucky, studied at Harvard, and was on the staff of the Louisville Courier," Author of "The Old Sergeant, and Other Poems," written during the Civil War and published in 1867, A strongly imaginative balladist, whose death was a loss to poetry.

WILSON, Alexander, ornithologist, b. Paisley, Scotland, 1766; d. Philadelphia, Penn., 1813. Emigrated to America, 17944. Followed his trades, weaving and peddling, — taught school, and was editor of an edition of “Recs's Cyclopedia. In 1804 he began his "American Ornithology;" published seven volumes, 1-SOS-13; the other two volumes being edited after his death by a friend. Author of "Po1790 and 1791; Watty and Meg." 1792; "The Foresters," 1805; **Foems and Literary Prose," 1876.

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WILSON, Robert Burns, b. Washington Co., Penn., 1850, Early in life he became a resident of Frankfort, Ky. He studied painting, and his pictures were exhibited with suc cess. His verse has gained him a prominent position among Western poets. Besides many uncollected poems in the magazines, he is the author of "Life and Love," 1887, and " The Shadows of the Trees," 1898.

WINTER, William, b. Gloucester, Mass., 15 July, 18. He graduated at the Harvard Law School, and for a time studied law under Rufus Choate. In 1859 he removed to New York, and soon won respect by the standard of his work for the "Saturday Press," "Vanity Fair," Albion," etc. With an instinct for comradeship, he was the attached friend of George Arnold, O'Brien, and others among whom his lot was cast in the struggling days of authorship, and he survived to become their loyal editor and memorialist. Since 1865 he has been the dramatic critic of the N. Y. Tribune," and in that capacity has gained distinction for both his journal and himself, ranking with his most eminent contemporaries here and abroad, and held in intimacy and honor by the foremost actors of his time. He has indulged to the full his passion for the scenes and traditions of old England, and on many sentimental journeys thither, and his resultant books have become "little classics" on both sides of the Atlantic. Mr. Winter's home is on Staten Island, where he has associated his name with the Staten Island Acad emy, by founding its Arthur Winter library, in memory of a gifted and favorite child. In New York he long has held the primacy as poet and orator of festive or memorial ocea sions, having the stops of humor and pathos at full command in classical speech as well as in his song. Author of The Convent, and Other Poems," 1874; ** The Queen's Domain," poems, 1858; My Witness,' Thistledown," poems, 1878 ; plete to date, 1880; "The Jeffersons,' Henry Irving." 1885; "The Stage-Life of Mary Anderson," 1886; "Shakespeare's England," 1886; Wanderers, poems, 188SS; "Gray Days and Gold," 1891 ; ** Old Shrines and Ivy," 1892; "The Life and Art of Edwin Booth," 1894; Brown Heath and Blue Bells,” 1895. He has edited "Life, Stories, and the Poems of John Brongham," 1881; the poenis of G. Arnold and O'Brien, and various other works of this class, besides the "Shakespearan and Miscellaneous Plays of Edwin Booth," 1899. Cp.Poets of America," p. 440.

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1871;

IN. com"" 18812

WINTHROP, Theodore, b. New Haven, Conn., 1828; fell at Great Bethel, Va., 1861. An early and distinguished writer of the Civil War. He was graduated at Yale, and after spending two years in Europe and several in Panama, removed to New York City, where he was admitted to the bar. In 1861 he became General Butler's secretary, and planned with him the campaign that cost him his own life. Though he published a notable article, "The March of the Seventh," in the Atlantic Monthly," the writings which were to preserve his name and fame appeared after the close of his sorrowfully brief career, and comprise the following volumes: "Cecil Dreeme," 1861

John Brent," 1862; "Edwin Brothertoft," 1862; The Canoe and the Saddle," 1862; "Life in the Open Air, and Other Papers," 1863,

His novels were in some degree the forerunners of a new departure in American fiction,

WOODBERRY, George Edward, poet. critic, and eduentor, b. Beverly, Mass., 12 May, 1855. Was fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Exeter, N. H., and graduated at flarvard, 1877. He was acting professor of rhetoric, English literature, and history, at the State University of Nebraska, 1877-78, and profexBor of Anglo-Saxon and rhetoric, and instruc tor in composition, at the same university, 1880-82. From 1878 to 1879 he was engaged on the staff of "The Nation." He resided at Beverly, occupied with literary work until his appointment, in 1891, toa professorship of English literature at Columbia. Author of Ilin tory of Wood Engraving." 1883; The North Shore Watch: a Threnody," privately printed, 1883; Edgar Allan Poe," in "* American Men of Letters, 1885; The North Shore Watch, and Other Poems," 1890; "Studies in Letters and Life," essays, 1890; Heart of Man,” essays, 189; Wild Eden,' verse, 18!0; Makers of Literature," essays, 1900, Professor Woodberry has edited " Selected Poems" of Aubrey de Vere, 1895 ; The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley," + vols., 1892; The Works of Edgar Allan Poe," with Edmund C. Stedman, 10 vols., 1894. Is editor of the "National Studies in American Letters" series, to which he coll tributes"Flowers of Essex," 1900.

WOODWORTH, Samuel, journalist and writer, b. Scituate, Mass., 13 Jan., 1785; d. New York, N. Y., 9 Dec., 1842. Connected with several papers, notably with the N. Y. "Mir ror," of which he was one of the founders, Author of The Champions of Freedom,” 1816, and several operettas and dramatic pieces. A collection of his poems was made in 1826 under the patronage of De Witt Clinton, but only The Old Oaken Bucket" is now remenbered.

WOOLSEY, Sarah Chauncey, “Susan Coolidge," b. Cleveland, O., about 184-. Niece of President Woolsey of Yale College. Her home is in Newport, R. I. She has pub lished ** Old Convent School in Paris; "The New Year's Bargaón," 1871; the series beginning. with What Katy Did,” 1872; and many other books for young girls; " Verses," 1880; "Ballads of Romance and History," with others, 1887; "A Few More Verses." She has edited *** The Autobiography and Correspondence of Mrs. Delaney,' 1879; The Diary and Letters of Frances Burney," 1880, and has made translations from the French.

WOOLSEY, Theodore Dwight, scholar, b. New York, N. Y., 1801; d. New Haven, Conn., 1889. Graduated at Yale, and studied for the ministry at Princeton. He was ap pointed professor of Greek at Yale in 1831, and was president of the same institution from 1846 to 1871. Author of numerous classical text

books and works on political and social science. Eros, and Other Poems" was privately printed in 1880.

WOOLSON, Constance Fenimore, novelist, b. Claremont, N. II., 1840; d. Venice, Italy, 1894. A grand-niece of James Fenimore Cooper; educated at Cleveland, O., and at a French school in New York City. From 1873 to 1879 she lived chiefly in Florida. The last years of her life were passed in Italy. In 1870 Harper's she began to contribute stories to Monthly," and most of her prose and verse appeared in that magazine. Author of "The Old Store House," 1873; Castle Nowhere,' "Lake-Country Sketches," 1875; Anne," 1882; "East Angels," 186; "Jupiter Lights," 1889; The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories;" Horace Chase," 1894. No woman of rarer personal qualities, or with more decided gifts as a novelist, figured in her own generation of American writers.

WRIGHT, William Bull, physician and teacher, b. New York, N. Y., 1840; d. Atlanta, Ga., 1880. His home was in Buffalo, N. Y. Dr. Wright served in the Civil War, and was professor of ancient languages in the Buffalo hormal school, 1871-78. Author of "Highland

gon,

YOUNG, William, b. Monmouth, Ill, 1847. He took a course in law, but wishing to become a dramatist, for a while went on the stage. He also made a study of the drama while living in London. His plays, “Jonquil," The Rogue's March," 1572; "Pendra 18718 verse, 1881; " The Rajah,” 1883 ; ** Gate elon, verse, 1889, -were produced in Chicago and New York City. His “ Wishmaker's Town," 1885 (new ed. 1898, with a preface by T. B. Aldrich), is a series of quaint and imagi native poems on one theme, flis dramatic setting of Wallace's "Ben Hur" was placed on the New York stage, 1899-1100.