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THOREAU, Henry David, nonconformer and naturalist, b. Concord, Mass., 12 July, 1817; d. there, 6 May, 1862. Graduated at Harvard, 1837. He had no settled occupation, but did just enough teaching, lecturing, landsurveying, farming, and pencil-making to secure the necessities of life. fle disliked society, and lived for more than two years in a hut built with his own hands, in 1845, near Walden Pond, on the property of his fellow-philosopher Emer son. In 1849 he published A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers," describing a few days spent with his brother in boating and camping out, en years before. Walden, or Life in the Woods," followed in 1874, and Echoes of arper's Ferry" in 1860. He was 1 imprisoned fo▾ refusing to pay taxes to a State that did not condemn slavery He observed nature closely, tudied animua”, minutely, and struck a transce... tul ce in his poetry. He was a frequent contributor to "The Dial," The Atlantic Monthly," the New York "Tribune," and other periodicals. His posthumous works were Excursions in Field and Forest," with a memoir by Emerson, 1863; The Maine Woods," 1864;** Cape Cod,' Letters to Various Persons," edited by Emer son, 1865; "A Yankee in Canada,” 1866; Early Spring in Massachusetts, 1881; Summer," 1884; Winter," 1888; Autumn." 1892 : Works," ten vols., “* Familiar Letters," 1894; "Poems of Nature," 1895. They were compiled for the most part from his diary, begun in 1835 and numbering 30 vols.

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TICKNOR, Francis Orrery, physician, b. Baldwin Co., Ga., 1822; d, near Columbus, Ga., 1874. He resided near Columbus, where he practised his profession, and is remembered for several favorite poems of the Civil War. His **Poems," 1879, were edited by Paul Hamilton Hayne.

TILLEY, Lucy Evangeline, b. Chatham, O., 1859; d. Medina, O., 1890. She removed to Medina early in life. Many of her poenis appeared in magazines and weekly publications. They were collected in two volumes, "Little Rhymes in Brown," 1886 ; and "Verses," 192. TILTON, Theodore, journalist and orator, b. New York, N. Y., 1835. Graduated at the College of New York. After fifteen years of editorial work on The Independent, " he founded and edited "The Golden Age."' Ilis lived abroad since 1883, and makes his home in Paris. His works include "The Sexton's Tale, and Other Poems," 1967; "Tempest Tossed,' story, 1873; "Swabian Stories," 1882. Two volumes, The Chameleon's Dish." 1893, and 'Heart's Ease," 1894, both_published in London, contain his revised complete poetical works.

TIMROD, Henry, b. Charleston, S. C., 1829; d. Columbia, S. C., 1867, Son of the bookbinder, William Henry Timrod, who published a volume of verse. Slender means prevented the son from taking the full course at the University of Georgia, and he became a tutor in

the family of a Carolina planter. During the Civil War he was a correspondent of the Charles tou Mercury," and assistant editor of the Columbia "South Carolinian." The death of a favorite child and the destruction wrought by Sherman's troops in Columbia broke up his little home, and after a severe struggle with poverty he fell a prey to disease. His poems, having the misfortune to appear in 1860, had attracted less attention than they deserved; but in 1873 they were republished, with sketch of the author by Paul 11. Hayne, and a revised edition has appeared, 1899.

TOOKER, Lewis Frank, b. Port Jefferson, L. I., 1855. A graduate of Yale, 1877, and long in the employ of the Century Company, New York. His poems have appeared in magazines, but are not yet collected. A ballad more effective, in diction, structure, and dramatic power, than "The Sea-Fight" will be hard to find in recent literature.

TORRENCE, Frederic Ridgely, librarian, b. Xenia, O., 1875. Educated at Miami and Princeton universities. His initial volume, The House of a Hundred Lights," written after reading couplets from Bidpai, was published early in 1900.

TOWNSEND, George Alfred, journalist, b. Georgetown, Del., 0 Jan., 1841. He was a New York "World" and "Herald spondent during the Civil War, and in 1866 correspondent in the Austro-Prussian War, and throughout his subsequent life has been breezy and picturesque writer, chiefly from Washington, for various journals. Among his publications are •Campaigus of a Non-Combatant," 1865; “Poems," 1870; Washing

ton Outside and Inside," 1871; "Tales of the Chesapeake," 1880; The Entailed Hat," novel, 1884; also lives of Garibaldi, Lincoln, and Levi P. Morton. Mr. Townsend's country home is on South Mountain, Md., where through his exertions a stately mural monament has been erected in memory of the Army Correspondents of the Civil War. An elegant limited edition" of his poems was issued by subscription in 1898,

TOWNSEND, Mary Ashley (Van Voorhis), "Xarit," b. Lyons, N. Y., 182. After her marriage to Gideon Townsend she lived in New Orleans, La. She was chosen poet of the New Orleans exposition of 1884. Her works ineludo The Brother Clerks," 1879; “Poems," 1570; "The Captain's Story," 1874; “Xuritfa's Poems," 1:81; Down_the_Bayon, and Other Poems," 1882; “Distaff and Spindle,” sonnets, 1895. D. Galveston, Texas, 1901. TRASK, Kate (Nichols). Trask.

See Katrina

TRASK, Katrina (Kate Nichols Trask), b. Brooklyn, N. Y., 18-. She was married to Spencer Trask, the banker, in 1874. Her "Under King Constantine," 1893, legends and poems, composed in finished blank verse, has

passed through several editions. Mrs. Trask has also issued" Sonnets and Lyrics," 1894.

TRAUBEL, Horace Logo, b. Camden, N. J., 1858. Editorially connected with the Boston Commonwealth" and Chicago "Unity,' 1882-88. Established The Conservator at Camden, 1888, of which journal he has always been proprietor and editor. He was devoted to the personal welfare of Walt Whitman, assisted him in preparing the final editions of his prose and verse, and was one of his literary executors. Editor of “Camden's Compliment to Walt Whitman," 1889; Good-bye and Hail, Walt Whitman," In Re Walt Whit1892; man," with R. M. Bucke and T. B. ilarned, 1893.

TROUBETSKOY, Princess Amélie (Rives), b. Richmond, Va., 1863. The granddaughter of Senator William C. Rives, of Virginia, and the daughter of Alfred L. Rives, engineer, of Castle Hill, Cobham, Va. She received her education from private instructors, Was first married to John Armstrong Chanler, of New York. She was afterwards married to Prince Pierre Tronbetskoy, of Russia, and has since resided chiefly at Castle Hill. The suc cess of A Brother to Dragons, and Other OldTime Tales," 1888, was repeated by "The Quick or the Dead?" in the same year. Among her other works of fiction are Virginia of Virginia,' According to St. John," and "Barbara Dering." In verse, she is the author of "Herod and Mariamne: a Drama,” 1889; and of many uncollected poems.

TROWBRIDGE, John Townsend, b. Og. den, N. Y., 18 Sept., 1827. He was born on a farm, and received his education in the common schools, supplemented by a term at a clas sical school and by private studies. In 1847 ho began writing for the press, having come to New York, and soon afterwards he removed to Boston, in the vicinity of which he subsequently resided, engaged in editorial and literary work, He became a popular writer of juvenile fiction, of which he published many volumes, and was managing editor of "Our Young Folks" from 1870 to 1873. His books of verse include "The Vagabonds, and Other Poems," 1869; "The Emigrant's Story," 1875; "A Home Idyl," 1881; and "The Lost Earl," 1888.

TRUMBULL, Annie Eliot, b. Hartford, Conn., 1857. Graduated at the High School, Hartford, in which city she has since resided. "An Hour's Promise," 1889; * White Birches, 1893; "A Masque of Culture," play, 1893; "A Christmas Accident, and Other Stories," 1897; "Mistress Content Cradock," 1899.

TUCKER, St. George, jurist, b. Bermuda, 1752; d. Warminster, Va., 1828. Graduated from William and Mary College, 1772; lieutenant-colonel in the Revolutionary War; judge of the Court of Appeals, 1804-11. Author of numerous law treatises, "The Probationary Odes of Jonathan Pindar, Esq.,” 1896; and of occasional poems.

UNDERWOOD, Wilbur, b. Washington, D. C., 1876. Educated in that city, which is his residence. Author of occasional poetus and of "The Burden of the Desert," 1896.

URMY, Clarence (Thomas), organist, b San Francisco, Cal., 1858. His productions in book-form are A Rosary of Rhyme," 1884; A Vintage of Verse," 1897.

VALENTINE, Edward Abram Uffing. ton, b. Bellefonte, Fenn., 1870. He was educated at Haverford College, and afterwards studied law in the Old Maryland University, He gave up the law for journalism and became literary editor of the Baltimore "Evening News."

"VANDEGRIFT, Margaret." See Margaret Thomson Janvier.

VAN DYKE, Henry, D. D., LL. D., b. Germantown, Peun., 1852, Graduated at Princeton, 1873; Princeton Theo, Sem., 1877; and Berlin University, 1879. Became pastor of the United Cong. Church, Newport, R. I. In 1882 was called to the pastorate of the "Brick Presbyterian Church" of New York. In 1859, he accepted the professorship of English literature at Princeton. He delivered the memorial ode er, the occasion of the one hu dred and fiftieth anniversary of his Alma Mater. The wide range of Dr. Van Dyke's equip. ment is shown by the record of his varied and felicitously written work. The Reality of Religion," 1884; " The Story of the Psalms,” 1887; The Poetry of Tennyson,” 1890, enlarged edition, 1895; "Straight Sermons to Young Men," 1893; "Little Rivers," 1895;

The Gospel for an Age of Doubt," 1896; "The Builders, and Other Poems,' 1897; "The Gospel for a World of Sin," 1899; “The Toiling of Felix, and Other Poems,' 1899; Fisherman's Luck, and Other Uncertain Things," 1899,

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VAN RENSSELAER, Peyton, b. New York, N. Y., 183. A resident of Stockbridge, Mass. His song "At Twilight" has been set to music by Ethelbert Nevin.

VAN VORST, Marie, b. New York, N. Y., 187-. A daughter of the late Hooper C. Van Vorst, first president of the Holland Society, and long a justice of the Supreme Court of

New York. For some years past she has been active with her pen, writing verse, children's stories, and special articles. "Now a resident of Paris.

"VARLEY, John Philip."- See Langdon Elwyn Mitchell.

VENABLE, William Henry, b. near Waynesville, O., 1836. He was president of Chickering Institute, Cincinnati, 1881-86, and has published June on the Miami, and Other Poems," 1871; Melodies of the Heart," 1885; The Last Flight," 18983; Biography of William D. Gallagher," 1888; Footprints of the Pioneers in the Ohio Valley;" "The Begin nings of Literary Culture in the Ohio Valley. He edited "Dramatic Scenes from the Best Authors," 1874.

VERY, Jones, transcendentalist, b. Salem, Mass., 28 Aug., 1813; d. there, 8 May, 1880, He made voyages with his father, a cultivated sea-captain, and had schooling in Salem and New Orleans. A graduate of Harvard in 1836, he taught Greek there for two years. His first volume of essays and poems appeared in 1839, In 1843 the Cambridge Association licensed him to preach, but he was never ordained. He was the intimate friend of Emerson and Channing, and a frequent contributor to "The Christian Register" and other Unitarian journals. His friend James Freeman Clarke edited a complete posthumous edition of his poems and essays. In 1885 Very's "Poems" were reëdited by William P. Andrews, with a memoir. The sonnet, somewhat on the Shakesperean model, was the form of expression most natural to him.

WALLACE, Lewis, soldier, lawyer, and novelist, b. Brookville, Ind., 10 Apr., 1827. Participated in the Mexican and Civil wars, gaining the rank of general in the latter. A resident of Crawfordsville, Ind., where he has practised law for many years. Gen. Wallace was U.S. minister to Turkey, 1881-85, Author of The Fair God," 1873; Ben Hur," 1880; The Prince of India," 1893.

Columbia, and about 1862 removed to Wanhington. In 1871 he published "Lyrical Recre ations." He was a brother of Julia Ward Howe; by turns a banker, diplomat, classicist, and expert in American Indian dialects. To the arts of a select bon vivant and man of the world, he diverted talents that might have gained him more than a passing distinction. His personal charm was a rare and lovable endowment.

WARD, William Hayes, archaeologist, b. Abington, Mass., 1835. Graduated at Amherst, 1876, and at Andover, 1859. He was profesor of Latin at Ripon College, Wis., 1860–68, and became superintending editor of the New York

Independent," 1870, in which position he has since remained. He conducted the Wolfe expedition to Babylonia, 1884 85, and wrote pamphlet on the subject. Author of "Notes on Oriental Antiquities,” and numerous archæological articles in the "* Bibliotheca Saera" and elsewhere.

WARE, Eugene Fitch, "Ironquill,” lawyer, b. Hartford, Conn., 1841. Served dur ing the Civil War, and afterwards was captain of cavalry and aid to Maj.-Gen, G. M. Dodge. He has twice been elected to the Kansas Senate. His quaint Rhymes of Ironquill" appeared in 1885. An enlarged edition was published in 1899.

WARNER, Charles Dudley, man of letters, b. Plainfield, Mass., 12 Sept., 1829; d. Hartford, Conn., 20 Oct., 1900. This honored author, editor, and social scientist occasionally wrote verse, of which the sounet upon an Oriental theme, p. 308, is an interesting example.

WATSON, Edward Willard, physician, b. Newport, R. I., 1843; now a resident of Philadelphia, Penn. Educated at the Univer sity of Pennsylvania and the University Medical School. Besides contributing to medical literature, Dr. Watson has published two volumes of verse: "To-day and Yesterday," 1895; Songs of Flying Hours," 1897.

WAYLAND, John Elton, “Idas,” lawyer, b. Waterbury, Conn., 1860. Graduated at Yale, 1883, and at the Columbia Law School, 1895. He was admitted to the New York bar the same year, and has since practised in that city. His poem An Epilogue at Wallack's appeared in the "Yale Courant" for 1882, and W. Winter's "John Gilbert," published by the Dunlap Society, 1890.

WEBB, Charles Henry, “John Paul," b. Rouse's Point, N. Y., 1834. Went to sea in boyhood. For three years was on the staff of the N. Y. "Times," contributing notable book reviews and special articles. His "John Paul" letters were long a feature of the Tribune." Founded The Californian." He, like Bret Harte, was a pioneer in the literature of the Pacific Slope; and, beginning as a humorist, has produced lyrics of a true poetic vein. Author of John Paul's Book," is74; "Parodies,