Dr. Ferriar shows that Sterne imitated (and indeed took whole passages from) Rabelais, Beroalde, Bouchet, Bruscambille, Scarron, Swift, Burton, Bishop Hall, Montaigne, Bacon, and others. To make short work of the borrowings, they are such as these: "Ambrose Paræus," says Tristram, " convinced my father," &c., that the shortness of noses was caused by the flaccidity and softness of the nurse's or mother's breast-by sinking into it, quoth Paræus, as into so much butter, the nose was comforted and nourished" (Tristram Shandy, vol. iii. chap. xxxviii.). This is copied from Rabelais, "Tis Grangousier's solution, said my father," &c. And in Rabelais, bk. i. chap. xli., we find, "Les dues tetons des nourrices font les enfans canins. Mais gay, gay, ad formam nasi cognoscetur ad te levavi," &c. Bruscambille's Prologue on Noses is openly borrowed from. The great curse is copied, as of course it must be, but not from the original, and Burton is conveyed sentence after

Life of Laurence Sterne, London, Chapman & Hall, A. BELJAME. 1864.

Paris.

A PAPAL BULL (5th S. vi. 329.)—No doubt the bull which your correspondent inquires about was that of Pope Pius V. fulminated against Queen Elizabeth in the year 1569. The original is given by Bishop Burnet in his Collection of Records, and numbered thirteen, vol. ii., in the folio edition of his works published 1715. The whole document is too long to give in extenso, but if the editor will afford me sufficient space for the concluding paragraph (the only part really bearing upon the query), with Jeremy Collier's translation into English, I think perhaps he may be doing a service to many of his readers to whom such documents are not accessible. After a fierce tirade against the Queen for her many and grave sins and misdemeanours against the "Holy See," the Pope then proceeds to judgment :—

"Illius itaque auctoritate suffulti, qui nos in hoc supremo justitiæ throno, licet tanto oneri impares, voluit collocare, de apostolicæ potestatis plenitudine, declaramus prædictam Elizabetham hæreticam, et hæreticorum fautricem, eique adherentes in predictis, anathematis sententiam incurrisse, esseque a Christi corporis unitate præscisos: quinetiam ipsam prætenso regni prædicti jure, necnon omni et quorumque dominio, dignitate, privilegioque privatam; et item proceres, subditos et populos dicti regni, ac cæteros omnes, qui illi quomodocunque juraverunt, a juramento hujusmodi, ac omni prorsus dominii, fidelitates, et obsequii debito, perpetuo absolutos, prout nos illos præsentium auctoritate absolvimus, et privamus eandem Elizabetham prætenso jure regni, aliisque omnibus supradictis. Præcipimusque et interdicimus universis et singulis proceribus, subditis, populis et aliis prædictis; ne illi, ejusve monitis, mandatis, et legibus audeant obedire; qui secus egerint, eos simili anathematis sententia innodamus," &c.

"In virtue therefore of his authority, who has been pleased to advance us to the supreme seat of justice, though unproportioned to support so great a weight, we, out of the plenitude of our apostolical authority, declare the aforesaid Elizabeth an heretic, and an encourager of heretics. And that those who adhere to her in the practices above mentioned lie under the censure of an anathema, and are cut off from the unity of the body of Christ. We likewise declare the said Elizabeth deprived of the pretender of the kingdom above mentioned, and of all dominion, dignity, and privilege whatsoever; and that all the nobility and subjects of the said realm, who have sworn to her in any manner whatsoever, are absolved from any such oath, and from all obligation of fidelity and allegiance; and by virtue of these presents we actually absolve them, and deprive the said Elizabeth of the pretended right to the crown, and all other preeminences and privileges above mentioned. We likewise command all the nobility, subjects, and others above mentioned, that they don't presume to obey her orders, commands, or laws for the future; and those who act otherwise are involved in the same sentence of excommunication."

Lingard's observations on this transaction, as coming from a Roman Catholic, are singularly instructive: 1999

- If,” says he, “the pontiff promised himself any par

ticular benefit from this measure, the result must have disappointed his expectations. The time was gone by when the thunders of the Vatican could shake the thrones of princes. By foreign powers the bull was suffered to sleep in silence; among the English Catholics it served only to breed doubts, dissensions, and dismay. Many contended that it had been issued by an incompetent authority; others that it could not bind the natives till it should be carried into actual execution by some foreign power; all agreed that it was in their rethem liable to the suspicion of disloyalty, and afforded gard an imprudent and cruel expedient, which rendered their enemies a pretence to brand them with the name of traitors."

The remainder of the paragraph seems to supply the answer sought by your correspondent's second

query :

"She (Elizabeth) complained of it by her ambassadors as an insult to the majesty of sovereigns; and she requested the Emperor Maximilian to procure its revocation. To the solicitations of that prince, Pius answered by asking whether Elizabeth deemed the sentence valid or invalid. If valid, why did she not seek a reconciliation with the Holy See? If invalid, why did she wish it to be revoked? As for the threat of personal revenge which she held out, he despised it. He had done his duty, and was ready to shed his blood in the cause."History of England, vol. vi. pp. 111-112, 12mo., 1855. Much, therefore, as the English Catholics disliked and disapproved of the bull, it will appear by this that it was not they, but the Queen, who EDMUND TEW, M.A. applied for its revocation and was refused.

LADY CLANBRASSIL (5th S. vi. 409.)-In Lady Llanover's Life and Correspondence of Mrs. Delany, vol. ii., Second Series, p. 144, Mrs. Delany writes on January 14, 1775 :-" I had last post a letter from Lady Clanbrassil, dated Dundalk. The Dowager Lady Clan is very fond of her," &c.

A note mentions that the Dowager Lady Clanbrassil was Lady Henrietta Bentinck, third daughter of the first Duke of Portland.

M. C. F.

According to a pedigree in the Hamilton Manuscripts, edited by T. K. Lowry, Esq., James, first Earl of Clanbrassil of the second creation, married, in 1728, Lady Harriet Bentinck, and died in 1758. James, their only son, the second Earl, married, in 1774, Grace Foley, and died in 1798. His widow survived till 1813. Reference is made in support of these statements to Mrs. Reilly's Memoirs of the Hamilton Family, a book which I have not EDMUND M. BOYLE. the means of seeing.

I do not see why SIR JOHN MACLEAN hesitates to believe his Lady Clanbrassil was Lady Henrietta Bentinck. On his own showing she could not have been more than seventy, and might have been less, and there have always been plenty of old ladies strong and hale at seventy. Nor does it follow that she carved the ivory box in 1770 because she presented it in that year. She died June 10, 1792 (Ann. Reg. for that year, vol.

xxxiv. p. 59), and might then really have been
called " a somewhat old lady."
C. F. S. WARREN, M.A.

Bexhill. 1

**

George I., upon Bloomsbury steeple." Noble adds a satirical epigram on the statue, made by a wag at the time of its erection. It is probably to one of the epigrams mentioned that a writer in the BLOOMSBURY CHURCH (5th S. vi. 343, 412.)- Penny Cyclopædia refers under the article "HawksG. D. T. may be right in assigning the statue on moor," the architect of Bloomsbury Church. After St. George's Church, Bloomsbury, to George I., quoting Walpole's dictum, that the steeple is but the weight of evidence seems to be in favour defend the architect, and adds that the statue a "masterstroke of absurdity," he proceeds to of George II. In a New Critical Review of all the Public Buildings, which was published in 1736,quite as much influence in exciting a prejave gave rise to a paltry epigram, that had perhaps and is attributed by Dobie to Ralph, the historian, against the structure as Walpole's dictum." This the writer says, "The new church of St. George, writer repeats the common mistake that the statue Bloomsbury, is built all of stone," &c. He criti-is that of George II. Assuming Noble's statecizes it unfavourably, and adds, "The execrable conceit of setting the king on the top of it excites nothing but laughter in the ignorant, and contempt in the judge." As he does not say the late king, we must suppose that he means the king then reigning, i.e. George II. In Noorthouck's History of London, published in 1773, this church is described; and, as part of the description, we are told (p. 742) that "on a round pedestal at the top of a pyramid is placed a colossal statue of the late king" (George II.).

ment with regard to the donor of the statue to be correct, it is rather remarkable that Hucks sho thus have honoured the deceased, instead of the George II. he had been deprived of the office of reigning sovereign, unless on the accession di

In the History and Survey of London and Westminster, published by Thornton in 1785, it is stated that on the top of this church is a statue of his late Majesty, King George II” (p. 463)., | The author of the Jacobite poem, The Devil o'era Lincoln, evidently believed that the statue repré-a sented the king then reigning (George II.), for George I. was then dead, and he says:

"Since you make me such bishops, George, you may reign on."

二

Now the writer of this poem and Ralph were both living when the church was built, and must be supposed to know what king the statue was intended to represent.

I have only to add that I was a curate of the adjoining parish, St. Giles'-in-the-Fields, thirty years ago, and that the tradition then existing assigned the statue to George II.

Belsize Square.

J. D.

He says

Smith, in his Antiquarian Ramble in the Streets of London, edited by Mackay, 1846, a work on which reliance may be placed, states positively that the statue is that of George 1. (vol. i. p. 141), "When Bloomsbury Church was finished, the figure of King George I surmounting the steeple excited much criticism." He adds an epigram to which it gave rise, printed in a sixpenny book for children about 1756. Noble, in his continuation of Granger, states that the statute was erected by William Hucks, M.P. for Abingdon, and afterwards for Wallingford, who was Brewer to the Household, and who appears, he says, to have been " a very honest and a very loyal man: that he might make the latter appear most conspicuous, he placed the statue of the king,

Brewer to the Household."

H. P. D.

CHESS AMONG THE MALAYS (5th S. vi. 346. — The invention of chess in India, regarding which MR. GALTON appears to be uncertain, is a f completely demonstrated by my late esteemed friend and brother chess-player, Prof. Dunc Forbes, of King's College, London, in the early chapters of his History of Chess. From India as centre, the game of chess has been diffused over great portion of the world. Westward of Hindostan, it was brought to Persia in the sixth century of our era. There it became known to the Arabs, who took it with them, and planted it in the sacred cities of Mecca and Medina. Fro the lower empire, who received it in the seven thence it passed to Syria and the Byzantines of channels, gradually spread over Europe, an century. From Constantinople it was, by varios carried by the Varangians, the disbanded boy and the peoples of the North. From the land guards of the Byzantine emperors, to Scandinavi its birth, chess found its way eastward to Buru Tibet, Siam, China, and Japan; south-eastwa to Malacca, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo proof of the Indian origin of Malayan chess, I mention, is its nomenclature.

"The terms gajah, chatur, raja, and mantri," Prof. Forbes, are Sanskrit. Kuda, horse and 1 chariot, are Tamul.Bidah, baidah, or beidak, toget in word in the whole list is sah (for Shah), and th with mat and tammat, are pure Arabic. The only P happens to be the word always used by the Arabs to denote the Chess King, and the term check.'"

The intercourse established of late years between Japan and the outer world has made us acquainte with the mode of playing chess in that country which differs materially from other varieties of this ancient pastime. The game is there called Shogi, and the board consists of eighty-one squares

* History of Chess, p. 271. q7

instead of our sixty-four. It is a favourite recrea tion with all classes, holding much the same position as draughts in Great Britain. The pieces occupy three lines on either side, in place of the ordinary two. Those on the first line are Yari, or spear; Keima, or horse, identical with the knight; Gin, silver; Kin, gold; and Ou, king, in all respects the same as our potentate. On the second line are only two pieces, Hisha, a chariot, which moves similarly to a rook, and Kaku, a corner or angle, which traverses the board diagonally, like our bishop. The Fu, or pawns, nine in number, are stationed on the third line.* From their proximity to China it appears to me extremely probable that the Japanese, by some means or other, obtained chess from the Celestials, who have been from time immemorial ardent cultivators of it. I am the more inclined to this opinion on account of some points of resemblance which exist between the Chinese game and that of Japan. It is called, for instance, by the Japanese "a game of mimic warfare," and, as Capt. Hiram Cox states in his interesting paper on chess in Burmah and China, in the Asiatic Researches, the Chinese designate chess Choke-choo-hong-ki, literally, "the play of the science of war."

Junior United Service Club.

HUGH A. KENNEDY,

CO

of Medica Materia, which treat of poisons, are not
really the work of this Greek physician, who lived
in the first century of the Christian era, and has
left also a treatise on botany, which for a long time
enjoyed a very high reputation.
HENRI GAUSSERON.

Ayr Academy. I

This edition, says Brunet (Manuel, ii. 734), is more rare than recherchée, and, though sold for twenty-three francs at Jussieu's sale, produced only four francs at Huzard's. In itself it would not seem worth much, unless the MS. notes should copy some additional value. give this W. E. BUCKLEY, "LAWLESS COURT" (5th S. vi. 409.)-The answer respecting the old manorial court held at Rochford, in Essex, is best given by referring to that curious book, Cowel's Law Dictionary; or, Interpreter of Words and Terms used, either in the Common or Statute Laws of Great Britain, and in Tenures and Jocular Customs, of which the first edition was printed at Cambridge in 1607. Under the title "Lawless Court," Cowel has:

"On Kingshill, at Rochford, in Essex, on Wednesday morning next after Michaelmas Day, at cock-crowing, is held a court, vulgarly called Lawless Court. They whisper, and have no candle, nor any pen and ink but a coal (ie. a piece of charcoal to write with); and he that owes suit or service, and appears not, forfeits double his rent for every hour that he is missing. This cour belongs to the honour of Raleigh and to the Earl of Warwick, and is denominated Lawless because held at unlawful or lawless hours. The title of it in the Court Curia de Domino Rege Dicta sine lege,

Rolls runs thus:

行

"PEDACII DIOSCORIDE ANAZARBEI DE MEDICA MATERIA... Colonie, opera et impensa Joannis Soteris, anno M.D.XXIX. mense augusto, fol." (5th S. vi. 347), is a very rare book, but I do not think it to be valued at a high price. It must have fourteen preliminary leaves and 753 pages. Very often Hermolai Barbari.. in Dioscoriden rollariori libri quinque..., Colonia, ap. Joan. oma va Soterem, 1530," fol., of seventy-eight leaves and a frontispiece, is bound with it. The first edition of Pedacii Dioscorides was published (Greece) in 1499, Venetiis, apud Aldum Manutium, fol., along with Nicandri Theriaca et Alexipharmaca. Another edition, in Greek also, cur. Fr. Asulani, appeared in 1518, Venetiis, in redibus Aldi, small 4to., The best modern edition has been given by C. Sprengel, Leipzig, 1829-30, 2 vols., 8vo. There is a French translation by Martin Mathée (Matthæus), Lyon, Thibault Payan, 1559, 4to., plates. Matthiolus (P. A.) was the author of Commentarii in sex libros Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de medica materia. The best editions of this commentary, once famous, are Venetiis, ex. off. valgrisiana, 1565, fol., plates; Venetiis, 1583, fol.; Basile, 1598, fol. It was translated into French by J. Desmoulins, Lyon, 1579, fol, and by Ant. du Pinet, Lyon, 1680, fol.

It is thought that the books vi, vii., and viii.

* Vide Japanese Chess, by Mr. W. B. Mason, Westminster Papers, vol. viii. p. 68.

Vol. vii. p. 489.

A piece of Latin doggerel, which has been freely turned into this English jingle:

This court of our Lord the King
Held without law, or anything
But custom old, before sunrise

And while the stars are in the skies:

No pen and ink the steward uses
But rather ends of charcoal chooses,