allowance from Kirkby kept her tolerably steady
and respectable. She used to say that during the
rebellion of 1745, when she was "a pretty girl,"
she was seized and outraged by the revolutionary
soldiers.
JAMES HENRY DIXON.

am

plements; which Etymologie is not to be deduced from a completione mentis, but a complete mentiri. And yet I suade my selfe, their words never came so neare their cannot say that these men lie in their throat, for I perheart, but meerly they lie in their mouths, where all their promises

"Both birth and burial in a breath they have;

That mouth which is their womb, it is their grave."
J. E. B.

INITIAL LETTERS (5th S. v. 402.)—A folio Book of Common Prayer (London, 1619), enriched with Bp. Cosin's MS. notes, and preserved in the library which bears his name at Durham, furnishes a curious illustration of the practice referred to by Cosin includes the by no means superfluous admonition, "Print not capital letters with profane pictures in them." The very book in which the note is written furnishes at least thirteen instances of this objectionable practice. They are as follows:

Since writing my former remarks on this subject, it has occurred to me that the words " biguous" and "ambiguity," in Latin "ambiguus" and "ambiguitas," are closely related to the English word "humbug" and to the Latin "ambage" (g hard). In each of these words the fundamental idea seems to be doubleness or duplicity, and they may therefore, perhaps, be traced to the Latin word "ambo," meaning both," and express-J. O. In "Directions to be given to ye Printers," ing or implying doubleness. The kindred Latin verb "ambigere" means "to go about, to surround, to compass," and also "to be in doubt, to dispute or quarrel." Now humbug is often used for "getting round" another, or "to compass" some object; and, when used, the parties concerned are generally "in doubt" as to each other's views and intentions, and this, again, leads to "disputing and quarrelling."

HENRY KILGOUR.

The kind of sweetmeat called humbug can still be bought at Taunton. It is a thin, oval-shaped piece of toffee, with an almond in the middle, and is, I suspect, so called because, after sucking for a short time at the toffee, you suddenly find yourself come to an almond. H. F. BOYD.

Sweetmeats are sometimes called humbugs in Lancashire and in Cheshire. H. T. CROFTON.

A satyr playing the flute illustrates the initial L of the "Nunc Dimittis"; Neptune, Amphitryte, and attendants do similar duty for the O of the prayer, "O God, merciful Father," in the Litany; a satyr introduces the Collect for the fourth Sunday in Advent, while Jason and Medea illustrate the Gospel for Whit Tuesday.

The services for the first Sunday after Trinity receive unusually copious illustration; before the Epistle stands a picture of Io, transformed to a heifer by Juno, in the arms of Jupiter, whilst the initial of the Gospel represents a council of the gods presided over by Jupiter, and addressed by Venus.

"COMPLEMENT" FOR "COMPLIMENT" (5th S. v. Pictures of Actæon and Diana, Hercules and 426.)—If S. T. P. will refer to the word compli- the hydra, Perseus and Andromeda, are to be ment in Richardson's Dictionary, he will find that found preceding the Epistle for the sixth Sunday Shakspeare and Milton are quite right. Ben Jon-after Trinity, the Epistle for St. Bartholomew's son, Jeremy Taylor, Wotton, Hammond, Bp. Day, and Psalm xc. Beveridge, all use the former word in the sense of the latter. The distinction in the orthography is Psalm in the Visitation of the Sick, and for that Apollo and Daphne form the initial for the comparatively modern, and a rough approximation in the Thanksgiving of Women after Childbirth; of the date may be derived from Richardson's quo- whilst a kindred subject, the transformation of tations. In an old dateless edition of Bullokar's Daphne, stands before the Gospel for the twentyEnglish Espositor now before me, only the first-second Sunday after Trinity, and also before named word is given, with the meaning "Fulness, Psalm xxxviii. perfection, fine behaviour." So also Cockeram's Many of these initials do duty in The Historie Eng. Dict., 1650, 1655; Coles's Eng. Dict., 1632, of the Councel of Trent, translated by Nath. Brent 1685; Bullokar's edit. of 1688. The same ortho- (Lond., 1620). The initials were costly, and once graphy for both meanings of the word is also "ac-executed were used, it seems, with little attention cording to Cocker" (Eng. Dict., 1724). The date to the appropriateness of the position they of the change might exactly be fixed by examining occupied. a complete set of Bailey's dictionaries. Kersey, Dictionarium, 1708, 1715, has both words, the second form in the plural only; but Coles, in his Eng.-Latin Dict., 1727, has the first word only, in both senses. On Ruth ii. 4, Thomas Fuller (1654) has the following comment :

Those are justly to be reproved which lately have changed all hearty expressions of love into verball Com

Pallion Vicarage.

JOHNSON BAILY.

ENGLISH AND FRENCH (5th S. v. 469.)-In the few lines MR. AXON cites, Howell does not mean to say that English and French are one and the same language; he only refers to a time when most of the English people spoke French. MR. AXON will certainly know that after the conquest French

"WINCHEL ROD" (5th S. v. 507.)—We need not go out of Europe to find the word winchel explained. We have only to turn to Germany, where Wünschel-Ruthe (O. H. German Wunsciligerta) is the well-known designation for what is called divining rod in this country, and baguette divinatoire in France. It may be as well to add that the 'pronunciation of the German word resembles as closely as possible the word winchel, which the translator of The Laboratory, 1740, perhaps from the whimsical liking of the sound, chose to form, or, let me rather say, phonetically to adopt.

Windsor Castle.

[Other replies next week.]

A MANX ACT OF PARLIAMENT (5th S. v. 448.)— This would probably be in H. Scobell's Collection of Acts and Ordinances made in the Parliament, begun Nov. 3, 1640, and since, until Sept., 1656, fol., Lond., 1658. ED. MARSHALL.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.

Contemporary Evolution: an Essay on some Recent
Social Changes. By St. George Mivart. (H. S. King
& Co.)
Sermons preached before the University of Oxford, and
on various Occasions. By J. B. Mozley, D.D., Regius
Professor of Divinity, Oxford, and Canon of Christ
Church. (Rivingtons.)

THE above books have nothing in common, and yet they may very well be classed together. Prof. Mivart's especial public probably expected from him a scientific work, Whether Campetti is justly styled "an Italian " and much of that scientific public is outside his own comappears to me very doubtful, considering that I munion. The author is often vague and obscure, but it find from a German source an explanation which is easy to understand him on certain points. He claims would allow Campetti to be translated as Spring-for his Church, that may be proud of his ability, the merit finders (=Wasserfühler, i.e., Menschen welche die of being the one which allows great freedom to conscience, provided that each conscience submits to the guidance of Fähigkeit besitzen das Vorhandensein einer unteran infallible guide. He also describes his Church as the irdischen Wasserquelle durch das Gefühl wahr- true friend of other sorts of liberty, provided, if we underzunehmen). HERM. S. GERM. stand him, that he who enjoys it is content to take it like Voltaire's Huron, who found himself in perfect liberty in a prison cell, from which there were no means of getting out. Prof. Mivart rather hints than ventures to assert that the Church of Rome is tolerant, rememberTHE LATE BISHOP FORBES (5th S. v. 468.)-ing, perhaps, that its declared principle is not to be E. H. A. will find The Prisoners of Craigmacaire tolerant of toleration for others. In short, this Essay is in the list of books published by Masters & Co. an argument for the old claim of the Church's supremacy about the year 1861. The sermon on "The Sanc-over the State in matters of faith and in those of morals, tity of Christian Art," preached at the reopening the only hieroglyphic which would fairly illustrate it which include everything besides faith. If this be correct, of the chapel at Roslin, was published in a volume would represent the sovereign's throat under a cardinal of sermons by the bishop, entitled Sermons on the archbishop's heel, and Protestant professors silenced, and Grace of God (Masters & Co., 1862). I do not schools shut up, as is now the case in Spain. Doubtless, know whether either or both may be out of print, Prof. Mivart, who writes temperately as well as learnedly, but in this case I should be happy to lend my scholar, wishes no such application of his argument, but and with whom the gentleman is never divided from the copies to E. H. A. if he would communicate with his argument suggests the hieroglyphic. me direct.

Newton Abbot, S. Devon.

T. R. GRUNDY.

Of Dr. Mozley's eighteen sermons, there are two that are especially remarkable-one, on the Atonement, to which we simply direct attention; the other, on "The Roman Council." The latter, preached as long ago as 1869, might serve as an able opponent's answer to many of the arguments in Contemporary Evolution. Dr. Mozley, in word and spirit as tender as Prof. Mivart, traces the history of the Church, from the time when Gregory VII. attempted to reduce the world to a sacerdotal sovereignty -the theocracy under which Prof. Mivart recognizes the only possibility of peace and liberty. This attempt to establish universal empire by the Church of Rome is still going on, if we read aright; and Dr. Mozley's ideas thereon are well worth the reading. The Regius Professor brings forward many circumstances which are passed over by the Roman Catholic professor; but both are honest, earnest, richly endowed men. Each pleads and argues according to his views and his conscience, and, apart from the serious interests involved in their statements, there is a positive intellectual treat in considering those arguments as they are powerfully placed before the reader for his instruction.

Antiquities and Memoirs of the Parish of Myddle,
County of Salop. Written by Richard Gough, A.D.
1700. (Shrewsbury, Adnitt & Naunton; London,
Sotheran & Co.)

THE Shropshire author of this singular work died in 1723,
at the age of eighty-nine, and this reprint of the im-
perfect private edition of 1831 confirms the statement
made by its editor, that the book is one of the most
extraordinary topographical and genealogical works ever
written. Gough not only describes his own parish, but
the parishioners; he takes them in their pews (in a
plan of the church), and then gives a history of their
families. We do not suppose, however, that all the
parishioners were church-goers. Whether or not,
Gough's work (now carefully copied from the original
MS.) is a most singular production, especially in some
of its touches, e.g., "Thomas Baker, Jun, was noe comely
person of bodye, nor of great parts, and little education,
but he was very rich in lands, woods, money, and goods.
...... How bee it, he marryed with a lovely gentlewoman
of a masculine spirit and noe meane beauty. I saw noe
inducement that shee had to marry him, save his riches."

Το

learn that the publishers are also without any.
obtain this work for reference, without going to London
to the British Museum, is my earnest wish."
M. R. wishes to find an account of the sonnet match
between Leigh Hunt and Keats which produced the two
sonnets on a grasshopper. An account was given in
some London magazine, within the last year probably.
He has searched in vain St. James's and the Gentleman's
Magazine, in which he imagined he had seen the article.

THE Star of Bethlehem is a question which is treated in a most interesting manner in two papers read before the Society of Biblical Archaeology-one by Mr. J. W. Bosanquet, F.R.A.S., in 1872, on the Nativity of our Saviour, and the other in reply or confirmation, by Dr. Lauth, of Munich, February, 1875. See Transactions of W. H. the Society of Biblical Archæology.

THE BUXTON WELLS.-The floral dressing of these wells took place on Thursday, the 22nd ult., as usual.

Notices to Correspondents.

ON all communications should be written the name and

as a guarantee of good faith.

C. T. B. writes on the New Peerages (5th S. v. 492):"I omitted one of the most remarkable instances in our history of an English peerage with special remainder. It is that of Robert Harley, who was created Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, with remainder to the heirs male of his grandfather."

Gray's Inn. Notes illustrative of its History and Anti- address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but quities. Compiled by W. R. Douthwaite, Librarian. IN about a hundred well-printed pages, Mr. Douthwaite tells very satisfactorily the history of this ancient Inn, from the time when the Grays, or De Greys, of Wilton, lived on this part of the ancient manor of Portpoole or Purpool (from which one of the prebends of St. Paul's took its name), to the revival, last year, of the timehonoured legal Moots. To these feigned law-suits, invented for practice, students were formerly admitted only on proving themselves good "bolters," that is, scholars in the rudiments of the profession. Gray's Inn seems to have been let to the lawyers about the middle of the fourteenth century. A personal life of the various De Greys would afford some curious illustrations of men and

manners.

Lectures delivered at St. Margaret's, Lothbury.

By

Henry Melvill, B.D. New Edition. (Rivingtons.) THIS is a cheap reprint of the twenty lectures which caused considerable sensation when they were preached in St. Margaret's. They were preached at the very portals of the Temple of Mammon (the Bank of England), and, as some think, of those of a much worse place-the Stock Exchange. The discourses are admirable, and fully deserve their wide popularity.

London Lyrics. By Frederick Locker. (H. S. King & Co.)

THIS is a new edition, finally revised, of one of the most charming of books. It is full of humour of the best sort, and turned to the best purpose,-a book for under the trees in summer, and for the fire-side in winter.

MESSRS. REEVES & TURNER have added to their valuable reprints the Barnaba Itinerarium; or, Barnabee's Journal. Mr. Carew Hazlitt has edited Brathwait's book with his usual care, and those persons who are fond of old books will thank him for this particularly handy volume, now printed for the tenth time.

The same correspondent, referring to "The late Lord Lytton v. Knowledge is Power'" (5th S. v. 506), says:— "MR. BILLER raises a question which was settled many years ago. In October, 1856, I communicated to the Illustrated London News a discovery I had made of the words Ipsa scientia potestas est,' in Bacon's treatise De Hæresibus. My letter and the editorial note on it were subsequently inserted in N. & Q.' (see 2nd S. ii. 352)."

to this rule we can make no exception.

MR. WELLS GARDNER has issued his long promised fac- We beg leave to state that we decline to return comsimile reprint of the first edition (1633) of The Temple:munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations, by Mr. George Herbert. This fac-simile is perfect even to the binding, and it has been prepared with the most scrupulous care of all concerned.

I. R. writes:-"Have any of your readers a copy of Dr. Finn's Sephardim; or, History of the Jews in Spain, which they would be willing to dispose of or to lend The Stephenson Library in Newcastle has no copy, and I

A REAL SUMMER DELICACY.-ROSE'S LIME JUICE CORDIAL, mixed with water, or as an effervescing drink, in soda or potash, cooling and refreshing, or blended with spirits, it supplies a delightful and invigorating stimulant, sustaining chasers should be careful to order Rose's Lime Juice Cordial, exertion and extremely wholesome. Sold everywhere. Purall others being imitations.-Wholesale Stores, 11, Curtain Road, Finsbury.-[ADVERTISEMENT.]