THE PRINCIPLES

OF

POPULATION.

"Increase and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it."

"Thou shalt do justice and love mercy."-MATTHEW.

GEN. i. 28.

PRINTED BY JOHN STARK, EDINBURGH.

THE

PRINCIPLES OF POPULATION,

AND THEIR CONNECTION WITH

HUMAN HAPPINESS.

BY

ARCHIBALD ALISON, F. R. S. E.

=

ADVOCATE, SHERIFF OF LANARKSHIRE,

AUTHOR OF HISTORY OF EUROPE DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS, EDINBURGH:
AND THOMAS CADELL, LONDON.

M.DCCC.XL.

ANDOVER-HARVARD THEOLOGICAL LIBRARY

JUN 5 1912

ANDOVER

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

A63,248

CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.

CHAPTER X.

ON THE ACQUISITION OF LANDED PROPERTY BY THE POOR.

Important effects of the acquisition of Landed Property on the character of

the Poor-in reclaiming them from wandering and predatory habits-in foster-

ing habits of Industry-and developing the limitations to Population-Exam-

ples of its beneficial effects-From England-From France-Switzerland-

Flanders and Holland-Norway and Sweden-Italy-Spain and Portugal—

Opposite effects in Hindostan and China, and Ireland-Contrast of effects of

this system in Free and Despotic States-Effects of division of land in diminish-

ing Poor's Rates-Bad effects of an undue accumulation of property in some

members of society, and distribution in others-Mode in which this distribu-

tion should be permitted to arise-Primogeniture is indispensable-Extrava-

gant expenditure of the rich landholders is the provision for effecting this dis-

tribution-Impolicy and ruinous effect of Entails-of expensive system of con-

veyance of land-rights-and process of law for attaching land-Ruinous effect

of the violent seizure of land by Revolutionary Force-Its necessary tenden-

cy to induce oriental despotism, as now exemplified in modern France since

the Revolution.-P. 1-74.

CHAPTER XI.

ON THE MORAL EVILS AND Management OF THE POOR IN GREAT CITIES.

Contagion of Vice in Great Cities-Want of foresight and sway of immediate

desire the great evils-Innumerable temptations to which the poor are there

exposed-Voluntary Charity, or Benevolence, wholly unable to relieve it—

Example of the total failure of the Voluntary System in Glasgow-Popular

Instruction inadequate to restrain it, from the limited class whom it really can

affect-Proof of this from the example of the higher classes-Causes of this

failure-Which are of a permanent class-It is necessary to enlist the active

propensities on the side of Virtue-Effect of this on all classes of Society-Ne-

cessity of raising the duties on Ardent Spirits-This an indispensable prelimi-

nary-Improvement by public authority and aid of the worst part of crowded

streets and alleys-Vigorous, just, and expeditious administration of Criminal

Law-Great value of the punishment of Transportation-General System of

Emigration for the destitute Poor at the Public Expense-Establishments for

giving the people the means of saving-Uniformly beneficial effect of private

Charity-Answer to the prevailing errors on this subject.—75–165.