The Principles of Economical Philosophy, Том 1Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1875 - 676 стор. |
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Загальні терміни та фрази
absurd Adam Smith agricultural amount annuity assignats Bank Notes Bank of England bankers Bills of Exchange brought bullion called capital cause cent circulation coin commerce commodities consequence consider cost of production Credit debt demand depreciation diminished division of labour doctrine Economics effect employed employment equal exactly export fall fallacy foreign France give gold and silver Government greater Hence income Incorporeal Property increase inferior lands issue Law of Value London manufactures means merchant metallic Mill nature necessary operation paid paper currency payable payment persons Political Economy price of labour proportion purchase quantity of labour quantity of money rate of discount rate of interest Rate of Profit ratio receive rent Ricardo Right rise says sell shew shewn Smith sold specie supply supply and demand suppose theory things tithes trade true usury value of money Wages fund Wealth of Nations workmen
Популярні уривки
Сторінка 161 - Each person, therefore, making a tenth part of forty-eight thousand pins, might be considered as making four thousand eight hundred pins in a day. But if they had all wrought separately and independently, and without any of them having been educated to this peculiar business, they certainly could not each of them have made twenty, perhaps not one pin in a day...
Сторінка 171 - In the progress of the division of labour, the employment of the far greater part of those who live by labour, that is, of the great body of the people, comes to be confined to a few very simple operations, frequently to one or two. But the understandings of the greater part of men are necessarily formed by their ordinary employments.
Сторінка 160 - ... it is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper; and the important business of making a pin is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which, in some manufactories, are all performed by distinct hands, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.
Сторінка 103 - The property which every man has in his own labour, as it is the original foundation of all other property, so it is the most sacred and inviolable. The patrimony of a poor man lies in the strength and dexterity of his hands; and to hinder him from employing this strength and dexterity in what manner he thinks proper without injury to his neighbour is a plain violation of this most sacred property.
Сторінка 171 - He naturally loses, therefore, the habit of such exertion, and generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become. The torpor of his mind renders him, not only incapable of relishing or bearing a part in any rational conversation, but of conceiving any generous, noble, or tender sentiment, and consequently of forming any just judgment concerning many even of the ordinary duties of private life.
Сторінка 268 - ... if the invention of the ship was thought so noble, which carrieth riches and commodities from place to place, and consociateth the most remote regions in participation of their fruits ; how much more are letters to be magnified, which, as ships, pass through the vast seas of time, and make ages so distant to participate of the wisdom, illuminations, and inventions, the one of the other...
Сторінка 109 - The value of any commodity, therefore, to the person who possesses it, and who means not to use or consume it himself, but to exchange it for other commodities, is equal to the quantity of labour which it enables him to purchase or command. Labour, therefore, is the real measure of the exchangeable value of all commodities.
Сторінка 168 - This great increase of the quantity of work, which, in consequence of the division of labour, the same number of people are capable of ' performing, is owing to three different circumstances : first, to the increase of dexterity in every particular workman ; secondly, to the saving of the time which is commonly lost in passing from one species of work to another...
Сторінка 172 - His dexterity at his own particular trade seems, in this manner, to be acquired at the expense of his intellectual, social, and martial virtues. But in every improved and civilized society, this is the state into which the labouring poor, that is, the great body of the people, must necessarily fall, unless government takes some pains to prevent it.
Сторінка 168 - A common smith, who, though accustomed to handle the hammer, has never been used to make nails, if, upon some particular occasion, he is obliged to attempt it, will scarce, I am assured, be able to make above two or three hundred nails in a day, and those too very bad ones. A smith who has been accustomed to make nails, but whose sole or principal business has not been that of a nailer, can seldom, with his utmost diligence, make more than eight hundred or a thousand nails in a day.