princess Mary, an office in which the countess acquitted herself with much honour.

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But, in consequence of the king's new passion for the unfortunate Anne Boleyn, the countess of Salisbury lost both her court favour, and the friendship of Henry. She had expressed her opinion to the king with great freedom, respecting the divorce bill and her son, cardinal Reginald Pole, had reproached Henry for indulging unlawful passions. Such joint affronts could not fail to irritate the tyrant, who immediately caused a bill of attainder to pass against the countess, and her son the cardinal, who was banished; while Margaret, without even being heard in her defence, was condemned, and beheaded in the tower, May the 27th, 1541. Previous to her death, the executioner desired her to lay her head upon the block, which she refused to do; telling him, that "she knew of no guilt, and would not submit to die the death of a traitor." He pursued her round the scaffold, aiming at her hoary head, and at length struck it off; after mangling the poor victim of 70 years of age, in the most barbarous manner. With her ended the royal line of Plantaganet.

*

By her murder, the Erber reverted to the crown. Henry, in the 32nd year of his reign, gave it to sir Philip Hoby; who, four years afterwards, sold it to a draper, named Doulphin, from him it was purchased by the Drapers' Company, in the first year of Mary I. It appears to have been re-sold to sir Thomas Pullison, a draper, and lord mayor in 1584, who rebuilt the premises; which were afterwards honoured by being the residence of Sir Francis Drake.

Cold Harbour, corruptly called Coal Harbour, is a narrow lane, inhabited mostly by Coopers, at the south-west angle of which stood Waterman's Hall, which has been since re-built on St. Mary's Hill, Billingsgate. This place derived its name from the bleakness of its situation. No historical account occurs of this harbour, or inn, till the reign of Edward II., when sir John Abel, knight, demised, or let to Henry Stow, draper, "all his capital messuage, called the Cold Harbrough, in the parish of All Saints ad Fœmum, or at the Hay Wharf, and all the appurtenances within the gate, with the key, which Robert Hartford, citizen, son to William Hart

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ford, had and ought; and the aforesaid Robert paid for it the rent of 33s. the year. This Robert Hartford being owner thereof, as also of other lands in Surry, deceasing without male issue, left two daughters his co-heirs; to wit, Idonea, married to sir Ralph Bigot, and Maud, married to sir Stephen Cosenton, knights; between whom the house and lands were parted. John Bigot, son to sir Ralph, and sir John Cosenton, sold their moieties of Cold Harbrought to sir John Poultney, son of Adam Poultney, the 8th of Edward III. Sir John Poultney, dwelling in this house, and being four times mayor, gave to the premises the name of Poultney's Inn. Sir John, the 21st of Edward III, by his charter, gave and confirmed to Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford and Essex, his whole tenement, called Cold Harbrough, with all the tenements and key adjoining, and appurtenances sometime pertaining to Robert de Hartford, on the way called Hay Wharf-lane, &c. for one rose at Midsummer, to him and his heirs, for all services, if the same were demanded. Sir John Poultney deceased 1349, and left issue, by Margaret his wife, William Poultney, who died without issue; and Margaret, his mother, re-married with sir Nicholas Lovel, knight, &c.

In the year 1397, the 21st of Richard II., John Holland, earl of Huntingdon, was lodged here, aud Richard II, his brother, dined with him. It was then considered "a very fair and stately house." Next year, Edmond, earl of Cambridge, became possessed of this house, and lodged in it during the year 1398; though it still retained the name of Poultney's Inn; this was in the 26th year of the reign of Henry IV. In 1410, Henry IV. bestowed it upon his son Henry prince of Wales. The house afterwards became the property of H. Holland, duke of Exeter, who resided there in the year 1472. In 1485, Richard III. by his letters patent, grant/d and gave it to John Writh, alias garter principal king at arms of Englishmen, and to the rest of the king's heralds, and pursuivants of arms, all that messuage with the appurtenances called Cold Erber, in the parish of All Saints the Less, in London, and their successors for ever. Dated at Westminster, the 2nd of March, anno regni sui primo, without fine or fee. In the reign of Henry

VIII., the bishop of Durham's house, near Charing-cross, being taken into the king's hand, Cuthbert Tonstal, bishop of Durham, was lodged there.

Bishop Tonstal continued to enjoy the noble mansion at Cold Harbrough till the year 1553, the last of the reign of king Edward VI., when the bishop having been deposed from his bishopric, they deprived him of this house also, which was bestowed by the king on the earl of Shrewsbury, with the appurtenances to the said messuage belonging, together with six houses or tenements in the parish of St. Dunstan's in the east, and divers other lands in the county of York, to him and his heirs, to the yearly value of £66. 16s. 10d. The test of the patent was the 30th of June, the king dying but six or seven days after.

Duck's-foot-lane is a corruption of Duxford-lane; no doubt, the name of some former owner.

[List

List of the Aldermen of Dowgate Ward, from 1697 to the present time.

Sir A. Bedingfield, knt.., elected in 1697; served the office of sheriff in 1703; and that of lord mayor in 1707.

Sir A. Crawley, knt., elected in 1711; and served the office of sheriff in 1707.

Sir F. Forbes, knt., elected in 1713; served the office of sheriff in 1714; and that of lord mayor in 1720.

J. Crowley, esq., elected in 1727.

Sir J. Barnard, knt., elected in 1728; served the office of sheriff in 1736; that of lord mayor in the following year, and resigned. Sir A. Glyn, bart., elected in 1750; served the office of sheriff in 1753; and that of lord mayor in 1758.

Sir W. Rawlinson, knt., elected in 1773, and resigned.

J. Hart. esq., elected in 1777; served the office of sheriff in 1774; and resigned.

P. Le Mesurier, esq., elected in 1784; served the office of sheriff in 1786; and that of lord mayor in 1793.

G. Scholey, esq., elected in 1805; served the office of sheriff in 1804; that of lord mayor in 1812; and is the present alderman of the Ward.

END OF DOWGATE WARD.

Farringdon Ward Within.

THE Wards of Farringdon Within and Without formed originally but one Ward, the aldermanry of which was purchased by William Farringdon, goldsmith, and sheriff in 1279, and remained in his family upwards of 80 years: the tenure by which it was held, was the presentation at Easter of a slip of gilliflower, then a flower of great rarity. In consequence of a great increase in the population at this part of the city, it was in the 17th of Richard II., divided into two Wards, and a separate alderman was assigned to each.

Farringdon Within comprehends that part of the city, which lays immediately within the walls on the western side. The extent of this Ward is best known by its precincts, which are as follows: St. Peter, St. Matthew, Goldsmith's-row, Sadler's Hall, Gutterlane, St. Austin, St. Michael le Quern, north and south; St. Faith, Paternoster-row, St. Paul's Church-yard, north and south; precinct of St. Martin, Ludgate; first and second precincts of Christ Church; St. Ewin, St. Sepulchre, Monkwell and St. Anne, Blackfriars. It is governed by an alderman, and seventeen common councilmen; who appoint nineteen constables, seventeen inquest men, and two ward beadles.

The only two churches in this Ward, are those of St. Martin, Ludgate, and Christ Church.

On Ludgate-hill, close to where the old gate anciently stood, is situated the parish church of St. Martin. The old church of that name was built about the year 1437; when sir John Mitchell, fishmonger, lord-mayor, and the commonalty, granted to the then rector, Mr. Down, a parcel of ground, containing in length 28, and