Spanish Villages similar.-Social Intercourse.-Old Legends. Dreamy Seclusion.-Commercial Advantages of Kaskaskia. The Trade. The River.-The Land-office.-Population. Fort Gage. Clarke's Expedition.-The Catholic Church. Erection. - Its Exterior. -The Interior. - The Altar-lamp. Structure of the Roof.-Surprise of the Villagers.-Interdict the Architect.-The Belfry.-The Bell.-View from the To er. The Churchyard.-The first Record.-Old Chronicles. The Nunnery.-The Seminary.-Departure from Kaskaskia. Farms of the French.-A Reminiscence.-"Indian Old Poin -Extermination of the Norridgewocks.-Details.-The Obel to Father Rasle.-Route to Prairie du Rocher.-Aubuchon Profusion of wild Fruit.-Nuts.-Grapes.-A Wine Story Mode of Manufacture.-The Cliffs of Prairie du Rocher "Common Field.”—Productions.-The Bayou.—A Scene Blood.-A Century Slumber.-Peculiarities.-View from Cliffs.-Petrifactions.-Simplicity and Ignorance.-Charact istics of the French Villager.-The Catholic Church.— healthy Site.-Cause of a Phenomenon.

XXXVIII.

169

The Western Valley.-Early Conception of its Extent inadequa -The French Cordon of Fortification.-Origin of the Policy Stations of Posts erected.-Fort Chartres.-Groves of w Fruit.-The Dark-browed Villager.-His direction to the Rui -Desertion and Dreariness of the Spot.-Solemn Effect of old Pile in the Forest.-Coup d'œil.-The Mississippi Slou -Erection of Fort Chartres.-The Design.-Expense.—Ma rial.-Rebuilding.-Village Cession, Recession, and the 1 sults.-Seat of Power.-Form and Extent.-Preservation of Masonry. French Engineering.-Original Structure of Fortress.-The Pride of its Prime.-Its Scenes.-The "G

XXXIX.

Fort Chartres.-A romantic Scene.-Legendary Lore.-Erection of Fort Chartres.-Enormous Expenditure.-Needless Strength. -The Engineer.-His Fate.—The "Buried Treasure.”—The Money-diggers.-Their Success.-The "Western Hannibal." -Expedition against Vincennes.-Capture of the French Villages.-Siege of Fort Chartres.-A successful Ruse du Guerre. --A Scrap of History.-The Capture of Fort Vincent.-The Stratagem.-Fort Du Quesne.-Erection and History.-Useless Strength. A Morning Scene.-Philippe Francis Renault.—His Mining Operations.-The Village St. Philippe.-The Cottonwood Forest.-The Mississippi!-A Mistake.-A weary Plod. -An Atmosphere of Pestilence.-Causes of Disease.-Salubrious Site for a Cabin.-Precautions for the Emigrant.—Diseases of the West.-Fevers.-Sickly Months.-"Milk Sickness."Its Cause and Effects.-Fever and Ague.-An Escape.-A sick Family. The Consumptive. - Refreshment. — An early Settler Page 192-205

XL.

The "Squatter."-His Character and Person.-A View from the Bluffs. The ancient Indian Village.-Reliques.-The Squatter's Reflections. — His Wanderings. -A Discovery.-The Grave of a Chief.-The Ancient Burial-grounds. Human Remains.-A Coffin of Stone.-The "Pigmy Race."—An Investigation.-Ancient Pottery.-The Turtle.-The Sink-holes.Waterloo.-Its Windmill and Courthouse.-Bellefontaine.-An evening Ride. —" Hail Columbia !"— An immortal Name. - A very poor Pun.-A miserable Night.-A pleasant Dawn.-The American Bottom.-Its Name.-Extent.-Boundaries.-Bluffs. -Lakes, their Cause and Consequence.-Disease an Obstacle to Settlement.-The Remedy.-The Grand Marais.-The Soil. -Its Fertility. The appropriate Production

XLI.

206-217

The American Bottom.-Its alluvial Character.--An interesting Query. The Ancient Lake.-The Southern Limit.-The Parapet of Stone.-Alluvial Action on the Cliffs.-A similar Expansion. The Eastern Limit and the Western.-The "Ma

vier.-Productions of the American Bottom.-The Farms.Prairie-flowers. - Mounds. - Prairie du Pont. - Refreshment i —A novel Churn.—A disagreeable Village.-Cahokia.—Th Indian Tribe.-The Settlement.--The Mississippi.-The Creek -Harmonious Intercourse.-A Contrast.-Early Inhabitants o Cahokia.-Peculiarities of the Village.--The "Common Field. -Grant of Congress.--Cahokia at the present Time.-Rout to St. Louis.-Sunset on the Water.-View of the City.Moonlight.-Arrival at St. Louis.-A Farewell! Page 218-23

"32, eight

"62, five

ERRATA.

Page 10, eleven lines from top, for martlet-tower, read watch-tower

THE FAR WEST.

XXIII.

"Say, ancient edifice, thyself with years
Grown gray, how long upon the hill has stood
Thy weather-braving tower?"

"An honourable murder, if

you

will;

HURDIS.

For naught he did in hate, but all in honour."

"The whole broad earth is beautiful

To minds attuned aright."

ROBT. DALE OWEN.

THE view of St. Charles from the opposite bank of the Missouri is a fine one. The turbid stream rolls along the village nearly parallel with the interval upon which it is situated. A long line of neat edifices, chiefly of brick, with a few ruinous old structures of logs and plastering, relics of French or Spanish taste and domination, extend along the shore; beyond these, a range of bluffs rear themselves proudly above the village, crowned with their academic hall and a neat stone church, its spire. surmounted by the cross. Between these struc

tures, upon a spot somewhat more elevated, appears the basement section of "a stern round tower of former days," now a ruin; and, though a very peaceVOL. II.-B