The Insolvency of the Chinese Hong Merchants, 1760-1843

amount Anglo-Chinese Relations annual arrears of duties body of Hong camlets Canton cent Ch'en Ch'ien-lung Chetqua Chih-ying China trade Chinese authorities Chronicles Chung-hsiang Chunqua Company's business Conseequa consequence Consoo charges Consoo Fund contracted Coqua cotton country traders Court of Directors demand discharge dollars East India Company Emperor English Company English supercargoes Exchin exportation Fatqua foreign creditors foreign debts foreign trade Geowqua ginseng Goqua Governor-General H. B. Morse hang Hingtae hong's Hoppo Howqua Imperial Household Department imported insolvency instalments junior Hong merchants Kewshaw Liang liquidation long ells Loqua Lyqua Manhop Munqua obliged officials Opium Opium War P'an Pacqua paid Parsis payment picul Ponqua Ponqua and Gnewqua Poonequa profit Puan Khequa Puan Khequa II Puiqua purchase Pwanhoyqua Samqua season security merchants Seequa Select Committee Seunqua share Shy Kinqua supercargoes Table taels taels per picul tea merchants transactions wai-yang-hang Wayqua woolens Yanqua Yngshaw