fish pole, and has no centre. Thirty-six years ago the central library was established in Boston. The question of branches is a modern one, and they have adopted them there. A central library here and now would be like a post-office without carriers. The growth of a central library must be slow, and it will come.

Mr. Kernochan. We have learned by experience that dealing with the people in the branches the librarians are enabled to direct the reading of the people, thus exerting an educational influence, and this is an additional argument in favor of small libraries.

Mr. Nelson. We have the university libraries already established now. The Astor, Columbia College, Historical and other reference libraries for scholars and scientific students; and the smaller branch libraries should be established and maintained from the public funds, like the grammar and preparatory schools, to educate the people up to the use of the scholarly and reference libraries, whose doors, we may rest assured, will not be closed to them.

On motion of Mr. Cohen, voted to continue the discussion of this subject at the next regular meeting of the Club, or at a special meeting to be called by the Executive Committee if they shall deem it advisable. Adjourned at 5.45 P.M.

The following is a list of the members elected to New York Library Club at the second meeting, January 14, 1886:

Miss Hannah L. Allen,

C: A. Andruss,

G: H. Baker,

W: J. Berry,

W. S. Biscoe,

S: Buel, D.D.

W. S. Butler, J. W. Chambers, Mrs. R: H: Cross, Miss E. Doheny, F: A. Fernald, Albert R. Frey, Frank B. Hill, Miss Fanny Hull,

H: M. Leipziger,
Edwin C. Louis,

R. Halkett Lord,

Miss Martha F. Nelson,
W. E. Parker,
Dr. J: C. Peters,
Miss Jessie E. Prentice,
Miss Louise N. Rose,

Adolph L. Sanger,
C: Sotheran.

Gustav E. Stechert,
Miss Emma Toedteberg,

Miss Amy Townsend,
Miss Elizabeth Tuttle,

Fr. Lib., Orange, N. J.
423 W. 43d St.
Columbia Coll. Lib.
Ln. Bar Assoc.
Columbia Coll. Lib.
Ln. Gen. Theol. Sem.
Ln. N. Y. Soc. Lib.
Ln. Amer. Inst.

6 Washington Sq., N. Y.

Ln. Y. W. C. A.

1 W. 21st St.

The Astor Lib.

P. L., Paterson, N. J.

Ln. Fr. Lending Lib., Union for Chr. Wk., Brooklyn.

Y. M. Heb. Assoc. Lib.

13 First St., So. Brooklyn.
Ed. Bookmart, Jersey City.
N. Y. Fr. Circ. Lib., 49 Bond St.
Columbia Coll. Lib.

Hon. Ln. N. Y. Acad. of Med.
L. I. Hist. Soc. Lib.

Ln. Brooklyn Inst., Youths' Fr.
Lib.
115 Broadway.

Library Economy and History.

CHRISTIE, R: Copley. The old church and school libraries of Lancashire. n. p., Chetham Society [n. s., v. 7]. 1885. View +13 +[1]+215+[1] p. sm. q.

FOSTER, W: E. The modern library. (In Providence journal, Sept. 20, 1884.) I col. ITALY. MINISTERO DELLA PUBLICA ISTRUZIONE. Regolamento per le biblioteche publiche governative, approvato ... 28 oct. 1885. Roma, tipog. dei fratelli Bencini, 1885.

113 p. 1.0. This pamphlet, which we receive through the kindness of our correspondent, Sig. Chilovi, Prefetto della Biblioteca Naz. Centrale di Firenze, contains full regulations in regard to the names, objects, administration, offices, and public use of the libraries, with 49 pages of forms, full and interesting descriptions of Stirlings and Glasgow Public Library, the Mitchell Library, the Ewing Musical Library, and 13 private libraries.

TEDDER, H: R. Librarianship as a profession, a paper read at the Cambridge Meeting of the Library Association, Sept., 1882. London, 1884. 30 p. D.

TODD, C: Burr. N. Y. libraries. (In Lippincott's, Dec., p. 611-23.)

Describes the Society, Astor, Lenox, Historical Society's, Mercantile, Appentices', and Free Circulating. The Columbia is not mentioned, except in the remark, "There are others, of course, but the above are such as from their character and history were best calculated for treatment in a magazine paper."

WORTHINGTON, T:, and ELGOOD, J: G., architects. The Leyland Free Library and Museum at Hindley. Elevation and plan. (In Builder, Nov. 28, p. 767.)

Basement: workingmen's club with billiard and smoke-rooms. Ground-floor lending library and news-room, 51X25 ft. 6 in.; cloakrooms and lavatories; stone staircase. First floor: Committee room, 23x16 ft., with oriel window at end; reference library and museum, 51X26 ft. 6 in. Material, brick and stone. The bays and windows in the library and staircase have stone mullions and transoms, with leadlight glazings.

Abstracts of and extracts from reports. Cambridge (Eng.) P. L. (30th rpt.) Added, 1154; total, 30,075; issued, 90,936, an increase over the previous year of 10,990.

Cincinnati P. L. Added, 4682 v., 392 pm. ; total, 138,279 v., 15,591 pm. ; home use, 209.438; lib. use, 169,369 (fiction, 55.9 per cent.); use of periodicals and newspapers, 354,696.

Cleveland (0.) P. L. (17th rpt.) Added, 3266; total, 45,905; issued, 198,202; 3056 v. bt. for $4080.25. A sketch of the history of the library

is given. A semi-weekly delivery at a store in distant part of the city has been established, the issue averaging about 200 a month. A man who cut a portion of a newspaper from a file was arrested, found guilty, and fined $10 and costs. The library has been rearranged on a plan which will permit of large additions without deranging the classification.

Levi Parsons Library, Gloversville, N. Y. (5th rpt.) Added, 755 v.; total, 6645; home use, 16,893 (fiction, 76.35 per cent.); ref. use, 1728; lost, o.

"Two societies for mutual improvements have been formed, on suggestion of your librarian, the members of which pledged themselves to abstain from all degrading literature, such as dime novels and sensational periodicals. One of these was short-lived, and lasted four months only; the other, through the efforts of their principal, is still existing in Kingsboro.

"One thing is certain, our boys and girls have read during this year with more discrimination, and have fairly begun to acquire more and more careful reading habits.

"Through our circulating department the influence of good books may be brought to every home. Though the expense for this privilege is comparatively trifling-it may be had for 60c. a year I would wish it could be made free, so that even the excuse I cannot afford it' might be taken away.

Lowell P. L. Added, 1341; total, about 30,000; issued, 123,334 (fiction, 87 per cent.).

"The plan introduced last year of opening the reading-room during the day-time on Sundays has been continued with good results.

"The numerous reading, historical, and other literary clubs which abound in our city have proved a powerful incentive to study and research, and the librarian is frequently called upon to furnish books and information upon the varied subjects under consideration by these circles of students.

Not all who frequent the library remember as they ought to do that it is a place of business -for the selection and speedy return and delivery of books-and should be so used only, with due regard to its somewhat straitened proportions. It should not be made a place of social resort nor occupied by loiterers.

"The reading-room, established a little more than two years ago, has proved a great success, as is denoted by the almost constant presence, while it is open, of a large number of interested readers.

"The time is not far distant when the city will be confronted with the problem of providing a new place for the rapidly increasing library. The first requisite of such a place is an isolated building, where our literary treasures may be kept with reasonable safety in regard to fire. Next in order should be accommodations for the prospective growth of the library and of our city for many years to come, convenient provisions for the efficient administration of the institution, and, finally, such a modest display of good taste in the design and appointments of

the edifice as shall give pleasure to the eye and inspire respect for the place.

"The directors feel that the best interests of the library cannot be properly promoted nor the institution developed toward the high plane now occupied by the best public libraries, while the librarian's tenure of office is subject to the fluctuations of politics. To the end, therefore, that the library may be raised to the highest point of efficiency and usefulness, they earnestly hope that the city council will take such action in the near future as will place the position of librarian beyond the danger of change by reason of political influence.

"The present librarian, with his literary tastes and rare qualifications for the position, and the corps of assistants, have proved to be in every respect faithful and competent.

Melrose P. L. A new reading-room was opened Dec. 16, with addresses. The furnishings are of light ash, the ceiling frescoed, and the walls tinted dark brown. It is to be open evenings and Wednesday and Saturday after

noons.

Total N. Y. Free Circulating L. (6th rpt.) no. of v., 21,624; issued, 200,959 against 95,296 for the previous year; lost, 5; recovered, I of the

lost last year. This enormous increase is due to the opening of the Ottendorfer Branch. The Library Committee makes the remarkable statement: "If we had half a dozen such branches, suitably equipped, in other parts of the city, we should be well assured that each Library of 8000 or 10,000 volumes would have a yearly circulation of about 100,000." Of the Ottendorfer library it is said: At first the German books were taken out in greater number than the English; but this has been reversed, and the English circulation is steadily increasing."

New York Free Public Library. -About seventy-five leading citizens of New York have been invited to become incorporators of a society to provide for this library, most of whom have consented, and Mr. Adolph L. Sanger is drafting a bill which will soon be presented to the Legislature. His desire is either that, the Reservoir at 40th to 42d streets, on Fifth Avenue, being demolished, the Library building should occupy a part of the ground, leaving a fine park about it, the cost of the building to be defrayed by taxation extending over a term of years, or that one corner of the land shall be sold to provide funds for its erection on the other, leaving an entrance to Bryant Park between. Or, under the plan for investing part of the sinking fund in real estate, the Library might become the security. Books would require later and separate provision. Mr. Sanger suggests that the building should include halls for teachers' meetings, and possibly for the Board of Education, and otherwise centre the public school system.

Trinity Coll. L. Added, 1639; total, 26,044; 1095 v. issued to students, and 299 by members of the faculty and others. More shelf room is needed.

Notes. Baltimore. The Enoch Pratt Free Library was opened Jan. 4, with addresses by the Mayor, the donor, the Governor, the Librarian, and others, and an oration by Hon. G: W: Brown.

Berlin. There are now 23 volksbibliotheken, with almost 100,000 volumes, which in the course of the last year have been loaned 331,723 times to the users of these collections. The readers belong to every class.-Illustrirte zeitung, Dec. 12, 1885.

Berlin. A résumé of an article, 2 columns long, in No. 137 of the Neue Preussische (Kreuz) Zeitung, on the Royal Library at Berlin, is given in the Neuer anzeiger for Oct., pp. 299-303.

Bodleian. The curators of the Bodleian have had an enumeration made of the entire contents of the library. The total number of volumes (excluding 1625 volumes of Bodleian catalogues) was 432,417, of which 26,598 were ms., and 405,819 printed. Besides these, there were 1424 ms. pieces waiting to be catalogued and bound in volumes, and 24,988 periodical parts and pamphlets also waiting to be bound. And, further, there were those ordnance-maps which cannot be bound until the survey of their respective counties or towns is completed. The Bodleian building itself contained all the mss. and 306, 105 printed volumes. The number of these which a visitor sees is very small. Even readers see less than a third of the total contents of the building. The select open cases, from which the readers themselves take books, contain 7004. In the first ten months of this year the number of items added (counting parts, separate maps, etc.) was 37,325; of these 26,291 came in under the Copyright Act, 4955 by gift or exchange, 4978 were new purchases, and 1101 were second-hand purchases.

Brooklyn L. Issued in 1881, 92,310; 1882, 95,294; 1883, 103,669; 1884, 106,948; 1885, 108,950. W. A. BARDWELL, Ass't. Lib'n.

Frankfurt a. M. The library established under the name of American Public Library,' which contained about 5000 v. and pm., is to be extended to include works relating to other lands.

Philadelphia. The American has published a series of articles by H. P. R., entitled "Some private libraries." They are: H. H. Furness's

"

Shakespearian collections," July 4, p. 137-8; Mayer Sulzberger, Aug. 8, p. 216-7, 1885; Dr. Isaac Norris, Jr., Oct. 17, p. 377-8.

Philadelphia. Arthur Biddle and W: A. Platt are credited with originating a plan for the establishment of a free popular and scientific library, which is now assuming definite shape. Articles of agreement, to which the names of prominent subscribers are appended, have been drawn up by G: W. Biddle and W: H: Rawle. The government of the institution is vested in trustees, who represent the commercial and professional interests of the city. The cost of mem

bership in the association will be $100, the payment of which entitles the member to a vote for the election of trustees. The building will be on Broad Street, near the City Hall. It is intended to raise $250,000. Of this amount $60,000 has already been subscribed. Edwin N. Benson has given $5000. - Phil. telegraph.

Rochester, N. Y. December 21, at the meeting of the Academy of Sciences, the purposes and methods of the Reynolds Library (founded by Mr. Mortimer F. Reynolds) were explained by Messrs. F: A. Whittlesey, trustee, and W: A. Borden, librarian. Mr. Whittlesey thought

that the circulating library would not be open before a year from next January. Eventually the library would become such a one as that of the Boston Public Library, where if any standard book is ordered and is not on hand, it may be obtained in about a week's time. The speaker paid a glowing tribute to the founder of the "Reynolds Library," referring to his uniform generosity, which even exceeded all needs of the committee. He said that the trustees had not decided whether the library would be kept open on Sundays, and that the library would be open to every one as a reference library, but that the circulating part of the library would be open to residents of Rochester only.

Rome. The Reale Società Romana di Storia Patria has voted a considerable annual sum to the increase of the Biblioteca Vallecelliana, founded by the Oratorians.

Catalogs and Classification.

BIRMINGHAM P. L. Three nos. of the Birmingham reference library lectures have been published at 1 d. each no. 1, G. J. Johnson, Books on law and jurisprudence; no. 3, W. Hillhouse, the botanical books; no. 6, W. Kenrich, On some art books in the library.

The HARVARD UNIV. bulletin for October continues the Kohl collection of early maps, the index to the maps in the publications of the Royal Geog. Society, and the Dante collection; and gives an Index of reference lists and special bibliographies included in periodical and other publications of recent date (8 p.) in continuation of Mr. H. J. Carr's list in the LIBRARY JOURNAL of Feb., 1883, and the Boston P. L.'s in its Bulletin of Sept., 1883, but covering a wider range than either.

POORE, Ben. Perley. Descriptive catalogue of the government publications of the U. S., Sept. 5, 1774-March 4, 1881. Compiled by order of Congress. Wash., 1885. 1392 p. Q. See note on p. 4 of this issue of LIB. JOURNAL.

Queries.

1. Alphabeting. What rule is to be followed in alphabeting names of Government depart ments and subdivisions, as regards preference between, f. i., "Department of the Navy" or

"Navy Department"? Is the legal or authoritative designation of these departments fixed and consistent? f.i. Post Office Department" or "Department of the Post Office?"- B. P. M.

[It is a convenience to alphabet by the catch word (Navy, War, etc.), even if one does not write that word first. C: A. C.]

2. Alphabeting. When a Government institution, such as the U. S. Entomological Commission, or the U. S. Geological Survey, has an independent existence, should it be entered under U. S. as a main heading, and Geological Survey as a subordinate heading, or should it be entered under its name as a whole? f.i. U. S. - Geological Survey or U. S. Geological Survey. B. P. M.

[The former. The latter method would throw the department among titles of societies not governmental, as U.S. Academy of Arts, and among titles of books. - C: A. C.]

3. Alphabeting. Abbreviations should be alphabetized as written, not as if written in full (Cutter to the contrary, p. 71, § 185), except M. and Mc. B. P. M.

Bibliografy.

Books for architectural students. (In the Builder, Nov. 21, 28, p. 707-9, 741-2.)

Notes on the character of the principal books recommended by the Royal Institute of Architects to students preparing to pass the examination for the associateship of the Institute. LEGRAND, Emile. Bibliographie hellénique ou description raisonnée des ouvrages publiés en grec par des Grecs au 15 et 16° siècles. Paris, E. Leroux, 1885. 2 v. 8°. 60 fr.

Notes.

Mr. R: BLISS has prepared "references for the course" of study on the political history of America of the Unity Club of Newport, R. I.

MR. BUXTON FORMAN has sent to press the first and principal part of "The Shelley Library: an essay in bibliography." "The publication of this work, announced some time ago," says the London Athenæum, has been delayed on account of the difficulty of obtaining some of the less important data, without which the author has been unwilling to part with his ms., although the greater portion has been completed some two or three years. The first part deals mainly with the editione principes and their reproductions. The book is not a catalogue, but, while giving full bibliographical details of all the books in chronological order, contains much information from original sources, including even unpublished letters of the poet.

Robert H. LABBERTON'S Historical atlas" (N. Y., MacCoun, $2) has a very brief carefully selected bibliography of English books and magazine articles."

Publisher's Notes.

SUBSCRIBERS to the LIBRARY JOURNAL are asked not only to renew their subscriptions promptly for 1886, but to obtain additional subscriptions from library trustees, book collectors, and others who should be interested in library work. Each new subscription counts one vote for library co-operation. The Literary news, monthly, and the Index to Periodicals, quarterly, will be furnished to all subscribers for 1886 in the one subscription price of $5, making practically a club of three valuable periodicals.

THE Co-operative Index to Periodicals, the quarterly continuation of Poole's, is the most important piece of co-operative work in which the members of the American Library Association are now engaged. They, including the general editor, give their services; the actual cost of paper and print to the publisher is something over $600 per year, aside from office and indirect expenses. The subscription price is $2 per year. It is estimated that to do the work separately in manuscript would cost each library nearly $300 per year. To insure the permanence of this undertaking, large libraries ought to subscribe for ten copies ($20) per year and small libraries two copies ($4) per year, in addition to the copy they receive with the LIBRARY JOURNAL. They are asked to do this, and to obtain subscriptions from persons other than librarians, who may be interested. The publisher does not undertake to continue the Index beyond 1886, unless the extra subscriptions cover the manufacturing

cost.

THE publisher of the LIBRARY JOURNAL was asked at the Lake George Conference to prepare estimates for the cost of catalogue cards for new and standard books, on a co-operative basis. He has received since that time requests from only two libraries for the information, and the co-operative attempts in the LIBRARY JOURNAL, and especially in the Index to Periodicals, have been so inadequately supported that there is little encouragement to go forward. He would, however, be glad to hear from any libraries which wish to take part in the scheme, with mention of their particular desires in the matter and their limits of cost, with a view to determining practically whether anything can be done. If sufficient encouragement is given, a report will be made through the LIBRARY JOURNAL.

THE Report of the Transliteration Committee (4 pages and 3 plates) has been separately struck off, and can be had of Mr. C. A. Cutter, Boston Athenæum, for 5 cents a copy, and the postage. The Report and papers on Government Publications (10 pages) have also been separately printed and can be had from the LIBRARY JOURNAL office at 10 cents a copy, which includes postage.