-in such cases operate effectually. Liverpool and Bristol are the chief places from which emigrations take place to the colonies; as to Dover, where most embark for the continent, there is no means of knowing who are the persons that cross the channel. Mr. D. is of opinion that no injury could arise from removing these laws altogether. There have been prosecutions under these ats, but they have wholly referred to machinery.

As to the laws prohibiting the exportation of machinery, Mr. D. considers the effects of their operation very doubtful, as all articles going out of the country cannot undergo strict examination; few of the officers are able to distinguish what description of machinery a great variety of pieces belong to; thinks that the laws have been evaded in numberless instances. A merchant making an entry of certain goods, it is the business of the searchers to examine a part of the packages, to see if it is of the kind described. If an entry is made under the head machinery, it would be the duty of the searchers to see whether any of that machinery was prohibited by the acts; but the wharfs do not afford facilities for making that strict examination, and if it did, the number of officers employed must be quadruple.

The difficulty attendant upon the execution of those laws is very great; there are perpetual questions arising as to what comes within the letter of the act; the board is always reluctant to put the law in force. There have be orders of council to pass certain prohibited goods, but these are of rare occurrence, and the articles have been mostly presents.

Mr. Richard Taylor examined. Has been a printer in London about twenty years; is of opinion, that the laws prohibiting men from combining to regulate wages and hours of working, is of no service to the employer,

and only creates a difficulty in agreeing upon terms. They are so objectionable, that when the men struck for wages, the masters resolved not to avail themselves of the combination laws, considering them unjust and oppressive; they tend to disturb that good feeling which ought to subsist between the masters and the men. Many years ago, some of the most respectable of the men, who had been delegated to negociate an advance of price with the masters, were imprisoned, which created very great disorder and mischief in the trade.

In the printing business, the masters have of late years been in the habit of meeting to confer with the men, and to regulate prices according to circumstances. Mr. T. considered, that if the laws were repealed, no disadvantage would arise to the masters, and indeed, that a better understanding would be produced, for the men in general consider them oppressive.

Mr. T. recollects instances of men being prosecuted for combining, but does not remember any instance of masters being prosecuted, for under the same laws, he did not suppose that they were 'amenable. If the combination laws were repealed, it would certainly not be disadvantageous to the masters, and would produce a better understanding. When the men combined many years back to prevent us taking apprentices, they were prosecuted, but we have since defeated them without law, by teaching the lads ourselves.

On being asked if the general combinations of trades, which seems now to prevail among the workmen, would be likely to die away gradually, if the laws were repealed, Mr. T. replied, that he thought both parties would come to an understanding sooner without the combination laws; both parties would be more reasonable in their demands.

New Patents Sealed, 1825.

To Augustus Count de la Garde, of St. James's-square, Pall Mall, in the county of Middlesex, in consequence of a communication made to him by a certain foreigner residing abroad, for a certain improved machinery for breaking or preparing hemp, flax, and other fibrous materials-Sealed 24th November-6 months for inrol

ment.

To Joseph Eve, late of Augusta Georgia, in the United States of America, but now residing at Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, engineer, for his invention of an improved steam engine-24th November6 months.

To Henry King, of Norfolk-street, Commercial-road, in the county of Middlesex, master mariner, and William Kingston, of our Dock Yard, Portsmouth, master millwright, for their invention and discovery of certain improved fids for top-masts, bowsprits, and all other masts and spars to which the use of the fid is applied26th November-6 mouths.

To Richard Jones Tomlinson, of the city of Bristol, gentlen ar, for his invention of an improved frame-work for bedsteads and other purposes-26th November 6 months.

To Marc Lariviere, of Prince-square, Kennington, in the county of Surrey, machinist, for his invention of a certain apparatus or machinery to be applied to the well known stamps, fly presses, or other presses for the

purposes of perforating metal plates, and for the application of such perforated metal plates to various useful purposes-28th November-6 months.

To William Pope, of Ball Alley, Lombard-street, in the city of London, mathematician, for his having invented certain improvements on wheeled carriages-3rd December-6 months.

To William Pope, of Ball Alley, Lombard-street, in the City of London, mathematician, for his having invented certain improvements in making, mixing, compounding, improving, or altering the article of soap3rd December-6 months.

To Henry Berry, of Abchurch-lane, in the city of London, merchant, for his new invented improved method in different shapes or forms of securing volatile or other fluids, and concrete or other substances in various descriptions of bottles and vessels--3rd December6 months.

To Ezekiel Edmonds, of Bradford, in the county of Wilts, clothier, for his invention of certain improvements on machines for scribbling and carding sheep's wool, cotton, or any fibrous articles requiring such process— 3rd December-6 months.

To John Beever, of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, gentleman, for his having invented an improved gun-barrel-3rd December-6 months.

To Edmund Lascombe, of East Stonehouse, in the county of Devon, merchant, in consequence of communications made to him by a certain foreigner residing abroad, and discoveries made by himself, for a method of manufacturing or preparing an oil or oils extracted from certain vegetable substances, and the application thereof to gas light and other purposes-6th December-6 months.

To John Phillips Beavan, of Clifford-street, in the county of Middlesex, gentleman, in consequence of communications made to him by a certain foreigner residing abroad, for an invention of a cement for building and other purposes-7th December-6 months.

To Francis Halliday, of Ham, in the county of Surrey, Esquire, for his invention of certain improvements in machinery to be acted upon by steam-9th December6 months.

To Joseph Chesseborough Dyer, of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, patent card manufacturer, for his invention of certain improvements in machinery for making wire cards for carding woollen, cotton, tow, and other fibrous substances of the like nature, and also certain improvements on a machine for shaving and preparing leather used in making such cards-9th December6 months.

To Robert Addams, of Theresa Terrace, Hammersmith, in the county of Middlesex, gentleman, for his new invented method of propelling or moving carriages of various descriptions on turnpike, rail, or other roads -14th December-6 months

To Matthew Ferris, of Longford, in the county of Middlesex, calico printer, for his new invented improvements on presses or machinery for printing cotton and other fabrics-14th December-6 months.

To James Ashwell Tabor, of Jewin-street, Cripplegate, in the city of London, gentleman, for his having invented or found out means for indicating the depth of water in ships and vessels-14th December-2 months.