CHAP. spite of all the interposition and threats of the Pops, IV. -that he would excommunicate them if they detained tween Ri Philip II. him) kept him prisoner, till, after above a year's ide tention, he paid a very great sum of money for his Tansom; upon which he was delivered without having gained more by his most expensive voyage than the reputation of a very courageous prince the French writers saying of him, that he performed so ffany actions of a prodigious valour, that they ak most surpassed the belief, as well as the ordinary force, of men; in a word, he had certainly conquered the Holy Land, if the jealousy of Hugo Duke of Burgundy had not stopped his progress odw1900? Wars be- Th the war that was in France, (after the redempchard I. and tion and return of Richard,) which was full of chuulty, the animosity of the two kings beings in the height, it happened that the Bishop of Beauvais (who las cousin german to the King) was taken inothe battle armed and fighting by the soldiers of Richard, who caused him to be put in a very strict and unpleasant prison. US Philip knew not how to redeem him, but prevailed with the Pope, Celestin the Third, torffiCelestin III. terpose his recommendation and mediation with Richard for his deliverance and in his letters to the King he called this Bishop his dear sont Ribhabd writ a letter back to his Holiness, in which he made a large relation of the action in which he was taken, with all the circumstances thereof, and gave the messenger, by whom he sent the lettery the Bshop's arms and coat of mail, all bloody, and comhmanded him to shew it to the Pope, and to ask him, -Sanctissime Pater, dh hae est tunica filii kui?”: The aaw od jud puttiv bas vjUSIĆ JE * 10 ybel s disĀ” grivig wediw ped Mezeray, Life of Philip.semu os vidup. MALL Pope Pope answered, that the treatment that had been CHAP. IV. used towards this Prelate was very just, since he had quitted the warfare of Jesus Christ to follow that of this world. I choose to make this relation, (the matter of it being common in all men's mouths) not only because it fell out in this time of Celestin, and very little before the death of Richard, but because it is so different from that which the next Pope gave to the same King Philip in the very like case, It hap pened shortly after that, in the war between the same King of France and the Earl of Flanders, that the King's soldiers took Peter Bishop of Cambray prigreat command soner, who had the other army. The Pope, who was now Innocent the Third, sent a round letter to the King, and required the liberty ions i beso the Bishop and the King as positively refused to edeliver/him whereupon the Pope commanded his Legated to put the kingdom of France under an interdict, whichthe without any pause performed and thes King expostulatingvin vain, at the end of three months was constrained to set his prisoner at liberty. -The case was clearly the same; but Richard was a dough man, and would not be ill used or provoked sbutthas would take signal revenge. Others may Ithink that there was a great difference between the sspirit of Celestino the Third and Innocent the Third land that the last would have been a more sequal match for our King Richard and yet Pope Celestin shewed more than ordinary courage against Philip, which made his respect to Bichard, more notorious. For Philip, having buried his former wife, • married Isembergh the daughter of the King of Denmark, a lady of great beauty and virtue; but he was. quickly so unsatisfied with her, that, without giving t any ह CHAP. any reason, he left her and married Agnes daughter IV. to the Duke of Dalmatia, with whom he lived with much_satisfaction' and consent. Canute King of Denmark, ta and brother of Isembergh, would not brook ook the 'repuc repudiating his sister, (whom Philip had" shut up in a nunnery,) but sent ambassadors to Pope Celestin to complain of the injury and indignity done to himself and his sister, in King Philip's hav ing taken another wife. The Pope sent two Legates into France to examine the affair, who called an asu sembly of the French prelates to Dijon; and though® the King had put in an appeal to the Pope himself, they proceeded and published a sentence of interdict upon the whole kingdomí, in presence of, and with the consent of, all the Bishops. Philip, who had ald ways shewed great respect to the church, let loose¶ all his anger and choler against his own clergy and ecclesiastics, whom he looked upon as the contrivers of this affront and inquiry; and therefore, in his fury, he drove the Bishops from their sees, the pres bends from their churches, the curés out of their par rishes, and seized upon their goods." The interdict? continued seven months; in which time the King" by great importunity and many professions of d and entire deference to his Holiness's determination, so prevailed, that another assembly was appointed to meet at Soissons, where Philip, (after he had used all* the devices he could,) finding the cause would go against him, went one morning to the monastery, and took Isembergh out of her lodgings, and caused1 her to be set behind him on horseback, and só car ried her away; and sent one to the Legate to let him know that he did acknowledge and would have" vard her for his wife. About the end of the year Agnes duty her IV. Innocent her rival died; having lived five years with the King, CHAP. and had by him a son and a daughter, both whom Innocent, the Third afterwards legitimated toy We now come to the time of Innocent the Third, Inn in. who seemed to have the spirit of Alexander the མ i Third doubled upon him, and lived almost as long as he did, (for he reigned eighteen years,) to cultivate all those occasions which fell out in the several kingdoms of Europe to contribute to his greatness. And there were several contingencies, which in the very entrance of his reign looked like a good omen to him. The voyages of so many of so many Christian princes (how unprosperous soever) with such vast armies to the Holy Land, had made wonderful impression in the East upon all those who feared the mighty power of the Saracens; and so the King of Armenia made a voyage to Rome to solicit for new forces to be sent thither. Innocent received him graciously, and sent him home with more promises than ever he intended to make good; and in the mean time (as if he only for that purpose) vouchsafed to crown him by a bull, as a record of his own greatness Gaudemus quod &c. Sed ad honorem et f riam Apostolica sedis, quam constitutam esse novisti super gentes et regna, Diadema regni recepisti de manibus ejus, et enim curasti devotè ac humiliter ho"norare, et Nos per ipsum et literas tuas ad Orien"talis terra subsidium invitasti &c." and so he returned with some relics of saints, and an opinion that the Pope was the only powerful prince of the West. The King of Bohemia gave him another opportunity to exercise his sovereignty more notoriously. There was then great trouble in Germany by the opposition which Otho the Emperor met with from the 66 a come K 4 glo other IV. CHAP. other princes, who were more inclined to the Duke of Suevia: but the Pope had prevailed with the King of Bohemia to quit the other party, and to adhere to Otho; and now, upon the King of Bohemia's coming to Rome, the Pope would do him some grace; and to contribute to his greatness he declares by his bull, "Licet ante tuæ promotionis tempora, multi fuerint "in Bohemia Regio Diademate insigniti, nunquam "tamen potuerunt a predecessoribus nostris Romanis "Pontificibus obtinere, ut Reges eos in suis literis "nominarent." But because he had left the party of the Duke of Suevia at the Pope's desire, and adhered to Otho the Emperor, &c. "tam intuitu precum ejus, quam tuæ devotionis obtentu, Regem te de cætero reputare volumus et vocare; Tu igitur taliter gra"tiam tibi factam agnoscas &c." and so dismissed him with giving him what he and his predecessors had long enjoyed; a device that court frequently used, that they might seem to consent, and to confirm what they could not deny, or take away. deed Don Pedro of Arragon was more indebted to him; for though he had nothing but what he had with signal courage got and won from the Moors, yet neither the King of Castile, (who thought all belonged to him,) nor the other princes, would allow him to be a King: he therefore applied himself to the Pope, who was glad of the occasion to shew his power, and with great solemnity crowned him in the monastery of St. Pancras in Rome; which having repeated in his bull, he adds, " Nos gratiam tibi a no"bis exhibitam ad successores tuos derivari volentes In &c." grants authority to the Archbishop of Taragona to crown them in Zaragoza; " Et quoniam jure "civili statutum est, ut mulieres maritorum honoribus "de |