-Crusades to the Holy Land.-Crusade against the Albi-

genses.-Elections in Conclave.-Inquisition established.-

Attempts of the Pope to draw money from England in the

reign of Henry III.-Charles of Anjou crowned King of

Naples by Pope Clement IV-Sicilian Vespers.---Crusade

against Don Pedro of Arragon.—Interdict of Spain.—Re-

sistance of Edward I. of England to the Papal authority.

-Jubilees and plenary Indulgences.-Excommunication of

Philippe le Bel.-Death and character of Boniface VIII.

CH. IV. p. 106-190.

FROM CLEMENT V. TO EUGENIUS IV.

1305-1431.

Removal of the Pope to Avignon. Clement V. absolves

Edward I. from all his oaths for observing the Laws and

Charters of England.-Suppression of the Knights Templars.

-Rebellion against Edward II. assisted by John XXII.—

University of Paris overrules a decree of the Pope upon mat-

ter of faith.-Council of Spires denies the Pope's authority

over the Emperor.-Edward III. of England resists the

Pope's Interdict of the Flemish Towns-and prohibits on

pain of death the presentation or admission to benefices upon

any collation from Rome.-Laurentio and Baroncello, Tri-

bunes of Rome.-Urban V. besieged in Avignon.-Florence

resists the Pope's Interdict.—Schism of forty years.-Popes

and Anti-Popes at Rome and at Avignon.-The Papal Su-

premacy denied in England in the reigns of Richard II. and

of Henry IV.-Three rival Popes.-Privileges granted to

the Mendicant Orders.-Agreement between Martin V. and

Chichely, Archbishop of Canterbury, for reformation of

abuses.-The Cardinal Bishop of Winchester excluded from

the Privy Council in matters concerning the Pope.

FROM EUGENIUS IV. TO PAUL III.

1431-1534.

Papal dispensation from oaths.-Causes and consequences of

the separation between the Church of Rome and the Greek

Church.-Reestablishment of the liberties of the Gallican

Church by the Pragmatique of Charles VII.—Conspiracy

of Sixtus IV. with the Pazzi of Florence to assassinate the

Medici.-Alexander VI. and his son Cæsar Borgia.

Charles VIII. invades Italy, and takes the Pope prisoner.-

Savonarola burnt.-Lewis XII. of France-his character and

policy.—Papal grant of the East and West Indies to Ferdi-

nand and Isabella of Spain.-The Bull intitled "Dam-

"natio Simoniace Electionis Summi Pontificis Romani."

-League of Cambray.-Venetian War.-Leo X.-Disputes

in France about the Pragmatique and Concordat.-Francis I.

-Charles V.-Henry VIII.-Capture of Rhodes.-Henry

VIII. abjures the Pope's Supremacy.

CH. VI. p. 251–337.

FROM PAUL III. TO PIUS V.

1534-1566.

-

Council of Trent-called-but not assembled.-The Interim
of twenty-six articles upon matters of faith and discipline
granted by the Emperor Charles V. in a National coun-
cil at Worms.-Foundation of the Jesuits by Paul III-
Julius III.—his character and policy.-The King of France
prohibits all intercourse with Rome.-Marcellus II.-his
character. Paul IV-his character.-Charles V. abdicates
and is succeeded by Philip II. in Spain and by Ferdinand in
Germany. The Duke of Alva.-Philip II-Pius IV.-
Huguenot wars in France.-Meeting of the Council of Trent
-its proceedings, debates, and sudden conclusion.Cardinal
Pallavicini's Hiftory of the Council. Bulls of Pius IV. for
varying and adding to its Decrees, and for strengthening
the Inquisition.
CH. VII. p. 328—420.

Pius V his character.-Excommunicates and deposes Queen
Elizabeth.-Election of Gregory XIII.-Massacre of St.
Barthelemi.-Special privileges conferred on the Jesuits.
-Henry III. of France.-Wars of the League in France.-
Character of Sixtus V.-his proceedings for and against the
League.-Excommunication and assassination of Henry III.
-Papal bulls condemned by the parliaments and clergy of
France. Clement VIII.-Henry IV. of France reconciled
to the Church of Rome-refuses to publish the Council of
Trent in France.-Paul V-his disputes and war with the
Venetians excommunication and interdict of the Republic.
-Negociations of Cardinal Joyeuse-their absolution by
Cardinal Joyeuse in the Pope's name.

--

CH. VIII. p. 421-524.

endle FROM GREGORY XV. TO CLEMENT X.

Change in the

1

16211670.311 pd lots

Policy of the Court of

the Bullarium-Gregory XV.

-

of

"De

"Electione Summi Pontificis," and "Contra Hæreticos"
his character-Urban VIII, Barberini-his conduct and

character. Richelieu and Olivarez their characters com-

pared.-France and Spain deny the Pope's Supremacy.-

Urban VIII. makes war upon the Duke of Parma for the

Duchy of Castro-prohibits the observance of peace in Ger-

many his canonizations his Bulls refpecting Images and

Snuff, and for suppression of the Jesuitesses.-Innocent X.

-his character.-Donna Olimpia.-The Barberinis perse-

cuted by The Pope-reinstated by Cardinal Mazarin.-

Con-

Controversy between the Jesuits and Jansenists.-The Je-
suits maintain the Pope's infallibility in matter of fact us
well as of faith.-Pascal's Provincial Letters-their merit
and effect.-Alexander VII. Chigi-his character and con-
duct towards his family.—Embassy of the Duke de Créquy
to Rome. Affray with the Corsican Guard-resentment of
the King of France-and humiliation of the Pope.-Cle-
ment IX. Rospiglioso-his character and conduct-expedi-
tion for the relief of Candia, and its failure.-Clement X.
Altieri.
CH. IX. p. 525—647 ·

CONCLUSION.

Result of this Inquiry. — Concluding observations on The

Pope's usurped Supremacy-1st. Its mischievous effects

instanced in the separation of the Eastern and Western

Churches.-Crusades against Christian Princes.-Excom-

munications for temporal ends.-Deprivation of Sovereigns

in the cases of Naples and Navarre.-Disobedience to the

Papal Jurisdiction in civil matters made Heresy.—Massacre

of St. Barthélemi.-Plot for murdering Queen Elizabeth.

-Support given to the League in France-and to the Re-

bellion in Ireland.-2dly. The Pope's Supremacy no part of

the Catholic faith in Catholic countries-denied in Germa-

ny, France, Spain, Portugal, and Italy.—3dly. The duty of

Catholic subjects in a Protestant country.-Necessity for

the Priests as well as the Laity to abjure the Pope's Su-

premacy ecclesiastical as well as temporal.-Unaltered

spirit of the Church and Court of Rome.-Impossibility of

reconciling the Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches.-

National Councils the best conservators of Christian Reli-

gion.-Of the repeal of penalties, and admission of Ca-

tholics to all privileges in the state-and the providing

them with ecclesiastical teachers.

CHAP. X. p. 648—711,

RELIGION AND POLICY,

CHAP. I.

Introduction, and proposed Subject of Inquiry.

a

I.

The sove

protection

committed

Christian

THAT the sovereign care protection and propa- CHAP. gation of Christian religion are committed by God to Christian kings and princes needs no other evidence reign care than his own declaration by the Prophet Isaiah con- and propacerning the church; Kings shall be thy nursing fa-Christian thers, and queens thy nursing mothers. It is the duty religion of sovereign princes to preserve and provide for the by God to advancement of religion, and for the due exercise of kings and it and devout reverence for it in their several domi- princes. nions and reason dictates that it can only belong to those who have authority to give laws to their subjects, to which they are bound to submit, and power to cause those laws to be executed, if they refuse to submit to them. And as they cannot prescribe what, laws they please upon their subjects which are contrary to the laws of nature or to those laws which,

a Ifa. xlix. 23.

God