Principles of Political Economy: With Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy, Том 2D. Appleton, 1896 |
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Сторінка 18
... things to one thing , than their innumerable cross re- lations with one another . This advantage of having a com- mon language in which values may be expressed , is , even by itself , so important , that some such mode of expressing and ...
... things to one thing , than their innumerable cross re- lations with one another . This advantage of having a com- mon language in which values may be expressed , is , even by itself , so important , that some such mode of expressing and ...
Сторінка 19
... thing required : for , of food , unless in expecta- tion of a scarcity , no one wishes to possess more at once , than ... things which it most pleased every one to possess , and which there was most certainty of finding others willing to ...
... thing required : for , of food , unless in expecta- tion of a scarcity , no one wishes to possess more at once , than ... things which it most pleased every one to possess , and which there was most certainty of finding others willing to ...
Сторінка 21
... things have occurred even in the case of payments stipulated in gold and silver ; but the great fall of their value after the discovery of America , is , as yet , the only authenticated instance ; and in this case the change was ...
... things have occurred even in the case of payments stipulated in gold and silver ; but the great fall of their value after the discovery of America , is , as yet , the only authenticated instance ; and in this case the change was ...
Сторінка 22
... things for one another , by first exchanging a thing for money , and then exchanging the money for something else , makes no difference in the essential character of transactions . It is not with money that things are really purchased ...
... things for one another , by first exchanging a thing for money , and then exchanging the money for something else , makes no difference in the essential character of transactions . It is not with money that things are really purchased ...
Сторінка 23
... thing , in the economy of society , than money ; except in the character of a contriv- ance for sparing time and labour . It is a machine for doing quickly and commodiously , what would be done , though ... Things which by barter MONEY . 23.
... thing , in the economy of society , than money ; except in the character of a contriv- ance for sparing time and labour . It is a machine for doing quickly and commodiously , what would be done , though ... Things which by barter MONEY . 23.
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Загальні терміни та фрази
17 yards Adam Smith advantage agricultural amount assignats bank notes Bank of England bankers benefit bills bullion cause cheaper cheapness cheques circulation circumstances coin commerce consumers corn cost of carriage cost of labour cost of production crease dealers debt depend depreciation diminished duction effect employment enable equal equivalent exchange value exist expense exports fall foreign commodities foreign countries France Germany gold and silver greater imports improvement increase industry international demand issue issuers labour and capital land law of value less loans lower means ment millions modities mon language obtain paid payments permanent persons Poland population portion pounds pounds sterling precious metals produce proportion quantity of money raise rate of interest rate of profit rent rise of prices seignorage sell speculation supply suppose supposition theory things tion trade transactions value of money wages whole yards of cloth yards of linen
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Сторінка 340 - It is scarcely necessary to remark, that a stationary condition of capital and population implies no stationary state of human improvement There would be as much scope as ever for all kinds of mental culture, and moral and social progress; as much room for improving the Art of Living, and much more likelihood of its being improved, when minds ceased to be engrossed by the art of getting on.
Сторінка 339 - Nor isl there much satisfaction in contemplating the world with' nothing left to the spontaneous activity of nature ; with every rood of land brought into cultivation, which is capable of growing food for human beings ; every flowery waste or natural pasture ploughed up, all quadrupeds or birds which are not domesticated for man's use exterminated as his rivals for food, every hedgerow or superfluous tree rooted out, and scarcely a place left where a wild shrub or flower could grow without being...
Сторінка 395 - The certainty of what each individual ought to pay is, in taxation, a matter of so great importance, that a very considerable degree of inequality, it appears, I believe, from the experience of all nations, is not near so great an evil as a very small degree of uncertainty.
Сторінка 565 - ... the great majority of things are worse done by the intervention of government, than the individuals most interested in the matter would do them, or cause them to be done, if left to themselves.
Сторінка 394 - The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
Сторінка 539 - But it cannot be expected that individuals should at their own risk, or rather to their certain loss, introduce a new manufacture, and bear the burden of carrying it on until the producers have been educated up to the level of those with whom the processes are traditional. A protecting duty, continued for a reasonable time, will sometimes be the least inconvenient mode in which the nation can tax itself for the support of such an experiment.
Сторінка 340 - Hitherto it is questionable if all the mechanical inventions yet made have lightened the day's toil of any human being. They have enabled a greater population to live the same life of drudgery and imprisonment, and an increased number of manufacturers and others to make fortunes. They have increased the comforts of the middle classes. But they have not yet begun to effect those great changes in human destiny, which it is in their nature and in their futurity to accomplish.
Сторінка 568 - ... should have much to do for themselves ; that as great a demand should be made upon their intelligence and virtue as it is in any respect equal to; that the government should not only leave as far as possible to their own faculties the conduct of whatever concerns themselves alone, but should suffer them, or rather encourage them, to manage as many as possible of their joint concerns by voluntary co-operation...
Сторінка 350 - We look in vain among the working classes in general for the just pride which will choose to give good work for good wages : for the most part, their sole endeavour is to receive as much, and return as little in the shape of service, as possible.
Сторінка 395 - Every tax ought to be levied at the time or in the manner in which it is most likely to be convenient for the contributor to pay it.