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ally of their oppressors, and view it with a like enmity and distrust. However purely administered, it cannot be expected that the peasant should confide in its impartiality, or deem himself. secure of justice. There ought, therefore, on this account, as well as for providing a really more efficient and just administration, to be no hesitation in superseding altogether, in Ireland, the Justices of the Peace, and substituting county and district Judges, such as the Sheriffs and Sheriff-substitutes of Scotland, with their accessory Procurators-fiscal or public prosecutors. In no part of the empire is justice, whether in matters civil or criminal, distributed more speedily, more cheaply, and more satisfactorily, to the mass of the population than it is in Scotland by these judges. Unbounded confidence is reposed in their impartiality. The poorest man knows, and is convinced that, against the richest and most powerful, he will obtain justice; while crime is followed up, detected, and punished, with a degree of certainty unknown in any other part of the three kingdoms. We doubt not that an experience of a very few years of the working of a similar system in Ireland would create a like confidence and security on the part of the population at large; and if this were once attained, a blow would be given to the practice of private vengeance as a means of redress, which would ultimately issue in its total suppression.

Along with this, the efficiency of such a system, in repressing crime, would provide that security to life and property which is essential to the employment of British capital in making the many sources of wealth and employment in Ireland available. The beginning of a new order of things would be made, and by the time the temporary interferences with property, and with the proprietor's free management of his estates, which have been recommended above, came to an end, channels of natural employment would have been opened up, habits of exertion and industry would have been formed, and such progress would have been made, in elevating the condition of the population, as to hold out a prospect of prosperity and peace to that long distracted and misused land.

Although in the preceding remarks we have not referred to the religion of the Irish population, we, of course, cannot but look on it as a main cause of their present degraded condition. The Legislature, however, can do little directly towards promoting a sound faith; and the utmost we could look for at their hand would be to refrain from positively encouraging Popery, and to open up a free field for the enterprise of private Christians, or Christian Churches.

As to the encouragement of Popery, we know that the en

Endowment of Popery.

535

dowment of the Irish priesthood is a favourite part of the expediency policy of our leading statesmen of all sides, who look upon religion, and the ministers of religion, as fitting instruments of political rule, and are infatuated enough to suppose that, by paying the priests, they would purchase their services and their influence with the people, and that that influence would be worth the price. A few months ago, we should have thought it necessary to have entered somewhat at large on this subject, and to have warned our readers to be up and doing in resisting the proposition of Popish endowment. We incline now to hope that the proceedings at the elections in Yorkshire and Devonshire, have determined the Government to postpone, at least, their meditated attempt; and while, rejoicing at this, we refrain from any discussion of the question, we would still urge on the Protestants of the empire the duty of being prepared to take the field, if necessary, at a moment's warning. We must also earnestly point to the continued existence of the Church of Ireland, as creating the great, and we might indeed say, the only real danger of the endowment of the Romish priesthood being ultimately effected. That measure will never, we believe, be carried against the combined and determined opposition of all classes of Dissenters, unless through the acquiescence and support of the Church of England. The maintenance of the Irish Church, however, is such a gross and indefensible injustice, that nothing can permanently save it except the enlisting in a common support of endowments the great mass of the population of Ireland. Many friends of the Church of England, therefore, convinced of this, seek, with a lamentable sacrifice of the cause of truth to that of Establishments, to satisfy their brethren that the interests of the Church of England-sure to be shaken by the overthrow of that of Ireland-demand that they should submit to the endowment of Popery there, in order to maintain the Irish Church in existence, at least, if not in the uncurtailed possession of all her present endowments. As yet, this view does not generally prevail; but it will doubtless spread, and if it do, may urge upon us the attempt of effecting, on the earliest possible opportunity, the overthrow of the Irish Church. All danger of the endowment of Romanism would, in this way, be for ever averted ;—a great barrier to the spread of the truth of the Gospel among the native Irish would be removed; and an opportunity would be afforded for ample provision being made for the support of hospitals, asylums, &c., for the blind, dumb, insane, and impotent poor, or for advancing the general prosperity of the kingdom by useful works of public advantage, when any temporary rate for such objects may have come to an end.

We had contemplated noticing some other of the more important matters likely to come under the consideration of Parliament this session, but our space does not admit of our doing so. If, however, even those which we have adverted to be well disposed of, the country will not have, on this occasion, again to complain of a session barren of results for the benefit of the people.

INDEX

INDEX

TO THE

TENTH VOLUME OF THE NORTH BRITISH REVIEW.

A

Anderson, Dr., editor of the British Poets,
patronized Thomas Campbell, 477.
Argyll, Duke of, his Essay on Ecclesiastical
History of Scotland reviewed, 424; see
Ecclesiastical History.

Argyll, rebellion of the Earl of, 398-his
execution, 399.

Armament, reduction of, 515.

Arnold, Dr., his views on the relation be-

tween Church and State, 435, 457.
Ateliers Nationaux organized by M. Marie,
274 difficulty in finding work, 275—
schemes of M. Emile Thomas, 275-their
dissolution, 289.

Austria, its embarrassments-inability to
resist the demands for a central govern-
ment, 255.

B

Barré, Colonel Isaac, his claims to be consi-
dered the author of Junius' Letters, 105.
Baxter, Richard, trial of, by Jeffreys, 393.
Beattie, William, M.D., his "Life and Let-

ters of Thomas Campbell" reviewed, 459.
Bishops, their resistance to the measures of
James II. and victory, 416.
Boethius' work, De Consolatione Philoso-
phiae, translated by Chaucer, 315-cha-
racter of the book, 316.

Brandt, John, Esq., the Mohawk chief, his
correspondence with Thomas Campbell,

495.

Britton, John, F.S.A., his work, "Author-

ship of the Letters of Junius Elucidated,"
reviewed, 97.

Brougham, Lord, his opinion of Castlereagh,
221.

Burke's opinion of Junius, 103.

C

Cabal Ministry, character of the members
of, 378.

Campbell, Thomas, Life and Letters of, 459

his pedigree, 460-character of his
father, 462 an evening at Mr. Camp-
bell's, 463-school and college days, 464

his politics, 466-walk from Glasgow
to Edinburgh--Gerald's trial, 467-do-
mestic tutor at Mull, 469-translations
from Eschylus and Aristophanes, 471—
Elegy written in Mull, 472-traditions of
Mull, 473-the Western Islands-" Pil-
grim of Glencoe," 475-his connexion with
Dr. Anderson-the Dirge of Wallace, 477
-circumstances under which "The Plea-
sures of Hope" was first published, 479--
feud with Leyden, 479-Campbell, Gold-
smith, and Darwin compared, 481-visit
to Klopstock-scenery near Ratisbon,
483-the "Mariners of England"-the
"Exile of Erin," 485-life of an Irish
patriot in the Tower, 487-Campbell's
poverty, 487-marriage-early married
life, 488—Campbell's pension-day with
Fox, 491-"Gertrude"-Chateaubriand's
"Atala," 493-correspondence with the
Mohawk chief, 495-" O'Connor's Child,"
495-London University-Lord Rector
of Glasgow University, 497- tranquil
death, 499-Westminster Abbey, 500.
Castlereagh Papers, causes which have tend-
ed to obscure our notions of Lord Castle-
reagh's character, 216-materials for his
biography, 217-his early life, 217-rapid
glance at the principal incidents in his
public career, 218-his personal habits,
221-Lord Brougham's estimate of his
powers, 221-opinion of Mr. Wilberforce,
222-testimonies of contemporaries, 223—
his connexion with the Legislative Union
between Great Britain and Ireland, 224
-early suggestion of the Union, 225-had
ever Ireland a Parliament? 226-Irish
progress, 227-the Scotch and Irish
Unions, 229-memoir of State prisoners
-misprints, 231-United Irishmen, 231
-organization of the Secret Society, 232

-the executive, 235_Tone's reception at
the Luxembourg, 237-Jean Bon St. An-
dré at Tunis, 239.
Central Government of Germany, need of,
257-weakness of, 258-benefits to be ex-
pected-obstacles to be overcome, 259.
Chaplains in 1685, treatment of, in the
house of a country squire, 391.
Charles I. and II., character of, by Mr.
Macaulay, 376, 378.

66

-

Chaucer, distant and misty reverence with
which we are accustomed to regard this
first of our native poets, 293-marketable
value of Chaucer-influence of his writ-
ings on our literature, 294-features of
dissimilarity alone brought out by our
historians, 295-much has been done in
later times to bridge the gulf which sepa-
rates us from our ancestors, 296-recent
works on Chaucer-Mr. Cowden Clarke,
297-Mr. Saunders' " Pictures of English
Life," 297-Memoir by Sir Harris Nico-
las, 298
his Norman origin- Battel
Abbey Roll, 299-his studies, 301.
was he
a soldier?—his marriage, 303_his foreign
missions, 305-his "Custom-house reck-
enynges"—his pitcher of wine, 307-his
emptie purse," 309-another pitcher-
his death, 311 — his family - "Lytel
Lowys,” 313—he was the expression of his
time, 314-his philosophical attainments
--translator of Boethius, 316-the "Tes-
tament of Love," 317-his position with
regard to the Reformers, 319-his sup-
posed friendship with Wycliffe, 321-very
few grammatical changes in the English
language to be attributed to the Norman
Conquest, 322-Chaucer's language, 323
-his rank among our poets, 325-essen-
tially the poet of man, 326-his love for
external nature, 327-resembles Goethe
more than any of the poets of our own
country, 327.
Church and State, Noel's essay on the
Union of, 350 the question gradually
narrowing itself within very small com-
pass, 350-combatants on both sides ap-
proximating each other, 350-peculiar
perils attending the Union, 351-religion
a fair subject for legislation, but not the
Church, 352-circumstances under which
this Essay issues from the press, 353-
estimable character of the author, 353-
what the Union condemned by Mr. Noel
is, 355 the duty and character of the
State confounded, 357-Mr. Noel's lean-
ings to the congregational system of
Church polity, 359-meaning and applica-
tion of the term " Church," 359-probable
effect of Mr. Noel's example on the minds
of his former brethren, 360_effects of
the Union, 361-influence upon Bishops
-the pious Anglican pastor, 363-the ac-
tual state of the English Establishment,
364-Mr. Noel's concluding address, 364.
Church of Rome, Historical Foundation of,

39-sources of information, the autho
rized expositions of the Romish faith, 41-
Council of Trent-"Professio Fidei," 41-
"Catechismus Romanus," 42-the Office
and the Occupant, 43-alleged Scriptural
authorities, 45-Antiochian and Roman
Episcopacy of St. Peter, 47-date of his
first Epistle, 49-testimony of the early
Fathers, 51-Onuphrius Panvinius, 53-
the Gospel of St. Mark, written at Baby-
lon, 55-date of St. Peter's first sojourn
at Rome, 55-St. Paul's journeys to Rome,
57 memorials of the early Martyrs, 59

St. Peter's Roman Episcopacy a pure
fiction, 61-origin of the tradition, 61-
shameful interpolation of the works of
Cyprian, 63-origin of the Christian com-
munity at Rome, 65-conflicts of Bish-
ops-decisions of the Bishop of Rome dis-
regarded, 67.

Church principles, dangerous tendency of,

427.

Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, character
of, 394.

Churchill, Lady, history and character of,
411.

Clarke, Mr. Cowden, review of his "Tales
of Chaucer," 297.
Claverhouse, cruelties of, 397.
Cobden, Mr., his scheme of Financial Re-
form, 513.

Coleridge, S. T., intimate friend of Charle
Lamb, 187, 213.

Common sense, theory of, 158, 169.
Communism in France, 265-distinct from
Saint-Simonianism and Fourierism, 269.
Confession of Faith, doctrine of, on the go-
vernment of the Church, 440.

Considérant, Victor, leader of the Fourier-
ists in France, dedicated his Destinée So-
ciale to Louis-Philippe, 265.
Critical and artistic eras never coincident,
86.

D

Despatch of public business in Parliament,
schemes for promoting, 506.
Dieterici, Dr., his statistical notices valuable
as contributions to the history of the Zoll-
verein, 243.

Dorset, Earl of, character and history of,
414.

Dryden the poet becomes Papist, 409.

E

Ecclesiastical History of Scotland, Essay on,
by the Duke of Argyll, 424-qualifica-
tions of the author, 425-original design
-Spottiswoode Society, 425-merits of
hisLetter to the Peers," 426-evils
which result from admitting the sacerdo-
tal theory of the nature and authority of
of "The Church," 427-present charac-
ter and past history of Scottish Prelacy,
430 the Duke's leading positions, 435-

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