dwell on the advantages of meadow would be a mere waste of time, as the produce is always in demand in the market and for my purposes, and obtained at no other expense, than that of cutting the grass and making it into hay.

Crops, &c. for 1801.

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No. 2, -Being the field appropriated for corn, will be planted with this article accordingly, as already directed for 1800; the poor and washed parts continuing to receive all the aid that can be given to them.

No. 3, Supposing it to have been fallowed and sown the year before, will this year produce a crop of wheat, the stubble of which, immediately after harvest, is to be turned in, and be sown with rye for the benefit of sheep in the day, during winter and spring, but which are to be housed at night. All the low and rich spots, capable of producing grass, must be sown with timothy or orchard-grass seeds, for the purpose of supplying seeds again; and a part of the field may be reserved for a rye crop, or the sheep taken off early enough for the whole to yield enough of this grain to pay for the harvesting of it.

Nos. 4 and 5. That part of No. 4, which lies next to the Mill, is, as has been directed already, to be planted with peach trees; the other part, called Manley's Field, with all that can be added to it, not exceeding forty acres, of woodland adjoining No. 6, and the upper meadow below the plank bridge, are to be fallowed for wheat, as No. 5 also is to be, with the addition at the west end taken from No. 4; and both of them, if it can be accomplished, but one certainly, must have the stubble, when the wheat comes off, sowed with rye for the sheep, and with grass-seeds upon low and rich places, for the purpose of raising seed. They are to be treated in all other respects as has been directed for No. 3.

The reason for preferring an addition to No. 4 from the woods east of the meadow, although the land is of inferior quality, is, because it requires no additional fencing, for the same fence that encloses Nos. 6 and 7 encompasses this also; because it will be more convenient for supplying the Mansion with fire-wood; and because it will give a better form and appearance to the farm, than breaking into the woodland on the north side of the Mill road.

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Crops for 1802, 1803, and so on.

The corn ground remaining the same always, two fields, in following numbers, will every year be fallowed for wheat, and treated in all respects as has been mentioned before. And, if pumpkins, cymlins, turnips, and such like growths are found beneficial to the land, or useful and profitable for stock, places enough may be found to raise them in.

All unnecessary wood is to be cut down, and removed from the fields, as they are cultivated in rotation.

Mud and Rich Earth for Composts,

Penning Cattle and Folding Sheep,

Feeding,

Stables and Farm Pens,

are all to be managed precisely as is directed for River Farm.

ROTATION OF CROPS.

To understand the tables of Rotation of Crops which follow, it should be observed, that they all apply to one and the same farm, which contained 525 acres, and was divided into seven fields. The first part of each table indicates the kind of products destined for each field, under the respective years. Then follow the times for ploughing the different fields, and the number of days it will take; next, an estimate of the probable quantity and value of the products; lastly, remarks on the plan of the table, and on the results of the rotation.

In a note attached to these tables, Washington says, "The ploughing is calculated at three fourths of an acre per day. If, then, one plough will go over a seventy-five acre field in one hundred days, five ploughs will do it in twenty days. In some ground, according to the state of it, and the seasons, an acre at least ought to be ploughed per day by each team; but the estimate is made at three fourths of an acre, in order to reduce it to more certainty. The fields are all estimated at seventy-five acres each (although they run a little more or less), for the sake of more easy calculation of the crops, and to show their comparative yield."

Number of ploughings, times at which they must be given, and number of days it will take.

REMARKS. The above rotation favors the land very much; inasmuch as there are but three corn crops taken in seven years from any field, and the first wheat crop is followed by a buckwheat manure for the second wheat crop, which is to succeed it, and which, by being laid to clover or grass, and continued therein three years, will afford much mowing or grazing, according as the seasons happen to be, besides being a restorative to the soil. But, then, the produce of the salable crops is small, unless increased by the improving state of the fields.

REMARKS. By the above rotation, 900 bushels of buckwheat. amounting to £75, is added to the proceeds of No. 7, at the expense of 200 days' more ploughing; and no two corn crops) follow in immediate succession. Wheat, in one instance, follows a clover lay on a single ploughing; the success of this, though well ascertained in England, may not answer so well in this country, where our lands, from the exhausted state of them, require more manure than the farm can afford, and our seasons are very precarious.

No 3. 75 ac. in Corn, a. 12 bushels 937 bush. a. 2s. 6d.

£117 3s. 9d.

REMARKS.-This rotation, for quantity of grain and the profit arising from it, is more productive than either of the preceding; and with no more ploughing; excepting No. 1. No field gives more than three corn crops in seven years, except the crop of buckwheat; the last of which, with the Indian corn, will be more than adequate for all the demands of the farm. The clover is to be sown with the buckwheat in July; and, by being only one year in the ground, may be too expensive on account of the seed. Nor will the fields in this course receive much manure; and the advantages of sowing wheat on a clover lay, in this country, are not well ascertained. Again, preparing two fields for buckwheat may, in practice, be found difficult. Wheat stubble might be ploughed in here for spring food.

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48

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