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in the well room, and in this case a support for the stringers can be obtained by the corner posts of the elevator enclosure, which, in turn, will be strengthened by the lateral support of the stairs.

Painting. With the hanging of the doors and the setting of the hardware, the mechanical processes will be completed, and the building will be turned over to the painters for finishing.

The methods and materials differ little from ordinary painting, varying mainly in the smaller amount of woodwork and the greater amount of finished metal and plaster work to be treated. All iron

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or steel work which is to be painted must be perfectly clean and free from rust or moisture. Rust spots can be removed by scraping or burning. The paint on fine ornamental work must be carefully applied in thin coats so as not to obscure the pattern. Plaster which is to be painted must be free from flaws or cracks, and both plaster and wall behind it must be thoroughly dry. Plastered walls should be brushed over just before painting, and the surface sized or primed.

FINAL INSPECTION

With the departure of the painters, it remains only to see that the building is thoroughly cleaned from top to bottom, and that all paint spots have been removed from glass, marble, and all other exposed material.

The superintendent should carefully review all notes and memoranda made during the progress of the work, and be prepared

to furnish a complete and detailed account of proceedings, including a record of all orders received and given, materials rejected, and the defects which warranted their rejection.

A diary should be kept, recording the state of the weather, the number of men of the different trades employed, the progress from day to day, a record of accidents, and any other data which would be likely to prove of value or interest. A record of this sort may not only be of use to the owner, but will contain data which may be of great value to the superintendent as a guide for future operations.

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UNDERWRITERS' REQUIRE

MENTS

PART I

INTRODUCTION

The insurance interests are concerned with electric work only for the reason that such work if done improperly constitutes a fire hazard, and underwriters' rules on electrical installations are, therefore, confined to such questions as concern proper methods and materials to be employed to minimize the chance of fire arising from the use of electricity for light, heat, and power. Electricity as employed for signaling work, such as telegraphs, telephones, call bells, burglar alarms, and similar purposes, is not covered by insurance rules except in so far as such installations may become dangerous because of the liability of wires in such systems becoming. crossed with electric light, heat, or power circuits.

The many applications of electricity for municipal fire-alarm systems, factory or isolated plant fire alarms, watchman's timerecording appliances, and automatic alarms employing electric thermostats, are not covered by the general rules for electric work. They do not in general tend to cause a fire hazard of themselves but come rather under the head of protective devices and the discussion of them does not, therefore, come within the scope of this paper.

The earlier installations of electrical lighting and power appliances were very crude and were often made with no consideration of what are now generally admitted to be questions of great importance from the viewpoint of fire protection. It was natural that experience should have been necessary to demonstrate the need of protection against unreliable or hazardous methods of applying electricity and to develop improved materials and devices. The comparatively mysterious nature of electricity as viewed by the general public led at first to a habit, not yet wholly outgrown,

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