tranquilly to compare our recollection of the event, it plainly appeared that in all this our hearts and conceptions had most truly sympathised. The possessing a third object, a common centre of anxiety to both, is far from weakening the regard "Tho' every bone is aching stones, as to indicate a more than Turkish barbarism. The national road through Ohio is graded as far as Fairview, a distance of thirty miles, and a great portion of the stone is in readiness for the covering. of such a couple for each other. It does not sepa- It would give you but a faint idea of the bodily suf- The road, as you know, is to be constructed on rate or divert them; it is a new link of connection. fering I endured, in travelling from Baltimore to the plan of M Adam, the great Colossus of Rhodes Each is attached to it the more for the sake of either; Wheeling, and from thence to Cincinnati in a stage (roads,) as he is called in England. The bed is of each regards it as a sort of branch or scion, repre- coach. the usual width, the pavement to be eighteen inches senting the parent; each rejoices in its health, its The crops of small grain on the whole route, are thick, and none of the stone to weigh more than good humour, its smiles, its increase in size, in extremely backward and unpromising, owing to the three ounces. This latter item in the formation of strength and in faculties, principally from the idea severity of the drought, which has in many instances the road, has, I am told, very much deceived the of the gratification they will communicate to the compelled the farmer to plough up and re-sow his contractors, who had no correct idea of the laWere it not for this idea, were it possible the fields. It is every where admitted that the season bour of reducing the stone to such small dimensions. pleasure should not be mutual, the sentiment would has very much diminished the quantity of grain fal- We were shewn a new machine at one of the factobe stripped of its principal elevation and refinement; low, and in all probability this will be a hard year ries near Wheeling, which is intended to facilitate it would be comparatively cold, selfish, solitary and with the farmer whose principal crop is wheat. I this operation. It is a large iron mortar with strong think Volney has somewhere predicted that the U-iron bars at the bottom, just wide enough apart to nited States at some future period will become a allow the stone to pass through when broken of the miserable country on account of the scarcity of rain; proper size. An excellent policy has been adoptand really the summers of 1822 and 1825 serve at ed in limiting the contracts for the construction of least to remind us of the prophesy. this road to the distance of one mile; and the conse other. inane." A MOTHER'S LOVE. Her, by her smile, how soon the stranger knows; When rosy sleep comes on with soft surprise. THEY POURED THE RED LIBATION FORTH. They pour'd the Red Libation forth, I dash'd it on the famish'd earth, And said no more my peace shall be They wove of Fame the blooming wreath, And said my heart no more shall trust They brought me Beauty's child, and gave Death came' She fill'd the silent grave; I loved, yet said—no more will I They brought me then a spirit sweet- My tears bedew'd her holy feet, The farms and the public houses, particularly on quences of this arrangement are the certainty of the the national road, have very much improved during performance, and the more speedy and faithful exethe past year; and it is now so thickly settled that cution of the work. The faith of the nation being the traveller can always obtain comfortable accom- pledged, in a few years more we shall have a namodations within the compass of a few miles. Itional road from the waters of the Potomac to the know not, however what the feelings are, of the town of St. Louis, on the Mississippi; and is it not members of Congress from the west, in passing over delightful to contemplate the completion of a public this beautiful public work, but to me its gradual, work of so much general benefit and advantage.yet progressive decay is always productive of ex-The facility of transportation to Baltimore has altreme regret. The appropriation by Congress three ready induced many farmers in Ohio to commence years ago, seems to have been judiciously exp ud- the cultiv tion of the fine Tobaccoes, and I am ined, but the amount was too limited to produce formed a very extensive effort is making to increase any permanent advantage; and a very shrewd old this year, the production of that staple. From one farmer, of whom I was making inquiries on the suo hundred miles in the interior of Ohio, tobacco is ject, illustrated the erroneous policy of the govern transported to Baltimore at two dollars, and two ment in this particular, by relating an anecdote of dollars and fifty cents the hundred; and a very inone of his neighbours, whose parsimony he said, in- telligent gentleman was telling me of an instance, duced him to sow one bushel of wheat on ten acres strongly illustrative of the shrewdness and enterof land. The stone bridges, some of them costing prize of a young merchant in your city, of the societhe country upwards of thirty thousand dollars have ty of Friends, who came out last year and purchasbeen wretchedly dilapidated by mischievous foot- ed a considerable quantity of this tobacco at a very pads, who have in many instances thrown over the low rate, and is expected out again this winter, in stone from the walls of these bridges even with the pursuit of the same object. surface of the road. The stage drivers in the Uni- The whole state of Ohio, so far as I was enabled ted States, are equally proverbial with the barkers to judge from passing over the great mail route, for loquacity and mirth. One of these humourous presents a scene of improvement most rapid and fellows told us an amusing anecdote of two gentle-judicious,and not surpassed, if equalled, by any othmen, who, at a distance, noticed a traveller on foot, er section in the United States. The towns are all very busily engaged in throwing over the stone from beautifully situated, well laid out, and the buildings, the wall of one of these bridges, and according to generally speaking, of the most permanent and valthe driver's account, he looked as much pleased uable description. The salt works near Cambridge and astounded at each crash, as if he were witness-and Zanesville, are said to yield a handsome profit ing not only "the wreck of matter," but "the crush to the owners, and are of great public benefit to the of worlds." The gentlemen continued patient until state. These works produce from twenty to fifty the ruffian had sufficiently amused himself, and was bushels of salt per day, the streams are copious and several miles on his journey, and then putting the strongly impregnated, and the wells from two to five spur to their horses they soon overtook him, and at hundred feet in depth. I am told borings at these the end of the lash, compelled him to return, and in depths will find abundant salt streams in almost evthe language of the driver "made a Baptist of him ery part of the table land of the state, and particuin short order." The ceremony of his confirmation larly on the river border, where no attempt of the being over, the new convert to the church was soon kind has yet failed of success, or in bringing to the initiated into the practice of good works likewise, surface fine abundant streams. You may think me and these were no less a performance than the im a little visionary, but with this capacity of finding mediate restoration, up a steep bank in a warm sum-water on the margin of the river, might it not be mer's day, of the very identical stone he had so practicable at no very enormous expense to keep a lately tumbled over with so much apparent pleasure. sufficiency of these springs in constant flow as would This you will say was an arbitrary mode of pre- furnish an adequate supply of water at any season venting future injury, but should it not teach the of the year, for all the purposes of health and naviDEAR SIR, several states through which the road passes, to gation. When the river is low some hundred thouIn travelling from Baltimore to this place, entire-enact efficient laws for the protection and for the sand of these borings would furnish an immense ly by land, a distance of nearly seven hundred miles, punishment of such offenders. Near one of these quantity, and when high, the wells being of small I hoped to have made some observations of sufficient bridges some private individuals have erected a ve- diameter, the water might be stopped, and forced to interest to merit a place in the Farmer; but really ry costly monument to Mr. Clay, in commemoration flow through their original subterranean passages unour coachman rattled us on with such amazing velo- of the active part he has taken in the good work of til the next drought should render their aid again city, that we found it absolutely necessary to enlist the Internal Improvement. The monument appears to necessary. Badinage apart--our natural and artiexertions both of mind and body for the preserva have been designed in excellent taste, and the char- ficial capacities are so great, that it is impossible tion of our safety and comfort. Were I to quote acter of the execution is both skilful and ingenious; to conceive the extent of improvement which art, the language of the poet, and say— but it is so miserably shattered and pelted with patriotism and enterprize, (untrammelled by con And said-Fame, Pleasure-all farewell! MISCELLANEOUS. JOURNAL OF A TRAVELLER TO LOUISVille. Louisville, Ken. Jan. 8, 1826. stitutional scruples,) will at some future day lead the payment of the interest, and I have no doubt the The waters of the Ohio are extremely low, and the wise ones of this nation. loans will at no very distant day be redeemed with- we shall probably have some difficulty in descending, The little village of Circleville is one of classic out leading to any public pressure. The summit but this you will say is all to be removed when my memory in Ohio. It is remarkable for the extent, level from Lake Erie is 370 feet, and from thence theory of artificial rivulets shall prevail. If any number and extreme regularity of its ancient to the Ohio at the mouth of the Scioto river, 400 thing of interest should occur in the voyage down mounds and fortifications which are constructed with feet. The bed of this canal will in general pass the father of rivers, I will have the pleasure to commore regard to nicety and beauty, than any others over a soil extremely favorable to the contemplated municate with you. in the western country. The plans and figures of object. At the depth of six or eight feet from the these works are thus: В. • D surface, the canal will on a great part of the route, Yours, &c. SPORTING OLIO. STUD BOOK. S. in circulation, but I cannot think it true, that the MR. SKINNER, of drought, occasion some disappointment in the mares, &c. previous to the revolution; whether imgeneral economy of the supply. The canal from ported or home-bred; many of those in the Carolithe Miami to enter the Ohio at Cincinnati, will em- nas and Maryland; and some in New York, of the Two perfect figures, a square and a circle, each finitely more favorable than that from Erie, and the thereto. Profit is no object to him-but, believing brace a distance of sixty miles, over a surface in- greatest distinction: also, the more notable blood horses during the war of 1776, and subsequently laid out with mathematical precision, and each con- whole being under active contracts, the work is ve- such a work to be a desideratum to breeders, sportstaining by actual and accurate survey precisely ten ry rapidly progressing. What an example of naacres of land. A is a passway leading from the tional enterprize and energy do these great works men and amateurs, he wishes to be enabled to form square into the circle, and B C D three doors or hold out to the United States-to each individual a tolerably correct estimate of the number of copies passways leading from without into the square. It state of the Union, and more particularly to our which he may order to be struck off, without incuris remarkable that each of these passages is guard- beloved soil of Maryland, where some fiend-like ring loss. ed by mounds both from without and within, such charm has heretofore operated in defeating the per- have the work, are respectfully requested to indicate Such persons, therefore, as feel a disposition to as are represented in the figure by the black dots, formance of any work of similar importance. which were evidently designed as protections to the same (as promptly as practicable) to the Editor of Kentucky too in spite of her depreciated curren these entrances. The height of this breast-work or cy, has commenced the good work, and a company time apprized, that this is not a "prospectus of prothe "American Farmer." But they are at the same fortification, was originally twenty feet, and the cir- has been incorporated by the state, who have discle consists of two perfect figures of this elevation, posed of stock to the amount of 400,000 dollars for to subscribe;" or, in other words, a mode of begging, posals for publication, to which any one is solicited and nearly touching at the base. The square was the cutting a Steam-Boat Canal from the town of evidently regarded by the original projectors of the Louisville to Shippensport, a distance of two miles which has been most extensively and shamefully work as the most vulnerable position, and therefore, below the falls of the Ohio. The contract has been practised, and which is beginning to get into dethe circle was doubly fortified, and contained only taken by some gentleman from New York, at 380, book. It will be sent to no one whatsoever; a limitserved disrepute. Nobody will be dunned with a one passway for the double purpose of defence and 000 dollars, exclusive of locks, and it promises to ed number of copies will be printed, which they who security. The village of Circleville derives its name eventuate in a beautiful work. The canal will be will, may buy. The work will be a thin octavo; and from these works, the town being situated within twenty feet deep, sixty feet wide at the bottom, one it is believed that it will embrace a mass of authenthe circle, and the court house standing in the cen- hundred and forty at the surface, while the sides tic information that is in the possession of no other tre of that figure. Before the village was built, trees will be protected by a stone pavement to guard were growing upon these works equally large with against the agitation produced by the wheels of the person living, but the compiler, who has been ocany others in the forest, and by whom, and when boats. Should not these wise undertakings produce casionally employed for more than thirty years in they were constructed, remains a question not to collecting it. a change in the opinions of those members of Conbe solved by the most curious and inquiring mind. Valentine's Day, 1826. The works have, however, been much injured and gress, and particularly of the Senate, who so obstithrown down, and barbarous as it may seem, the nately oppose the propriety of such works, on the THE "STUD OF A GENTLEMAN OF THE SOUTH OF part of the general government.* walls have been much destroyed by carting away the earth for the purposes of brick making. it At Cincinnati I met with Mr. Owen, of New VIRGINIA." In the American Farmer of April 9th, 1824, you Lebanon is a beautiful village and remarkable his principles and of the condition of the community published the Stud of a gentleman of the South for two things, its excellent Hostel (or Hotel) as he is endeavouring to establish for the melioration of Virginia," who is an amateur, it would appear, is spelt in the United States, and as being the form of the human family. The great peculiarity of Mr. if not a connoisseur of horses. Herewith you will er residence of our worthy post master general. Cincinnati is one of the most flourishing cities in and other sceptics, that man is not a free agent. Owen's Theory, is founded on the old idea of Hume receive a list of the foals dropped last season in that stud, which, if worthy a place in your journal, you PHILIP. our country. The town was laid out in ninety-four and contained in 1801, 2500 inhabitants; and the the religious principles and character of Mr. Owen, [Here our friend indulges in some remarks upon will please to insert therein. N. B. The numbers refer to those in the Ameri best lots on Market or Main street, were worth at which we think it better to omit. It would be unfair can Farmer above quoted. that time, 1 dollar the front foot. In 1825, this town to admit an impeachment and reject a defence; and contains 15,000 inhabitants, has built within twelve were Mr. Owen to demand, as he might justly do, months, sixteen steam boats; and Market street the right of explaining his doctrines, we should find March 19, b. c. out of Grand Duchess, (No. 11,) lots are selling for two hundred dollars the front will cost upwards of four millions of dollars. Oue ral interests, we are always obliged to our corres- nions in the one and the other without "let or hin- 1824. April 5, b. c. -- 11, b. c. b. c. b. c. b. c. got by Roanoke. (star and snip,) sent to Pennsylvania with his dam. Y. Minikin, (No. 10) off hind foot white-very fine. Miss Ryland, (No. 8) fore feet and off hind foot, white -star. Y. Frenzy, (No. 9) near hind foot white. Statira by Alexander the Great, (No. 5.) Lady G. by Hambletonian, (No. 3.) Everlasting. No note (here) of the marks of these last, and there are some others not included in the above list. N. B. The imported mare Lady G. by Hambletonian, (No. 3) missed. The Alexander mare, (No. 5,) Duchess, (No. 1, and Lady Bunbury, (No. 2,) are dead. THE MULE-AN ANECDOTE. PRICES CURRENT. WHOLESALE. RETAIL. ARTICLES. per. from lb. Dr. W, of Barbadoes, on the death of his COTTON, Louisiana, &c. An advance of 1 cent One unlucky day, while engaged in this pious of THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, MARCH 3, 1826. On the subject of tobacco, our Planter friends will be expecting to hear from us as the spring opens, but we are constrained to say that we have nothing cheering to communicate. By the last advices from abroad, there were few or no sales making, and the prices there are said not to justify those paid in this market in the months of September and October last. Here there have been no late transactions worthy of particular notice. Distillers complain of a scarcity of rye, and are offering sixty-five cents for that which is good. and clear of garlic. bush 7 109 12 33 34 40 50 16 18 22 25 15 17층 18 20 15 17 32 33 37 5 00 8 1 00 FLAX, FLOUR, Superfine, city, bbl. 4 50 4 62 5 50 6 25 4 4 25 none 11 5 50 73 100 1 05 do. Lawler,. 75 92 Red, 80 92 do. do. White Flint, lb. 27 30 87 Corn sold in Charleston on 20th February, at MOLASSES, sugar-house gal. $1 per bushel; demand brisk-supply slack. BLOODY MURRAIN.-A decoction of cedar berries and boughs, is said to be an infallible remedy for this disorder in cattle. -At the late session of the Legislature of Delaware, a company was incorporated for planting mulberry trees and raising silk worms. The capital of the proposed company is fixed at $20,000, but it may go into operation when $5,000 are subscribed, and fifteen per cent. thereon paid in. The No. 23 was stolen, heavy in foal, last winter. Old Grand Duchess, with her b. c. by Roanoke, MARSH MUD AND RICH ALLUVIAL SOIL.-Some (the produce of 1824,) is sold to a gentleman in Pennsylvania-covered by Roanoke that spring. of the good people of Talbot county, in this state, No. 17, and No. 27, are sold to a gentleman in are turning their fruitful materials to profitable acFrederick county, Virginia. count. They go frequently as many as six feet deep Roanoke, (No. 21,) who has covered but two into beds containing a thousand or two thousand seasons, and then only was suffered to be let to his loads; where previously it was not known that there owner's mares, and two or three others belonging was one-a correspondent who discovered by accito that gentleman's friends, stands as a public stal- dent the valuable use that might be made of it, says, lion for the first time, this year, at Roanoke. He a few years ago I hauled manure half a mile and dehas proved himself to be a fine foal-getter-is full posited it within twenty yards of a bank or bed of sixteen hands high; of immense power; strongly more than 1000 loads, since found and taken out, of resembling his sire, but it is a handsome likeness. superior quality. The knowledge of it is spreading Never had horse a finer temper. He is a deep bay fast, and from the immense quantity of it to be every with black legs, mane and tail, and what is remark where found on our waters, it is of much importance. able, he gets only bays, and those out of mares that never brought any thing but greys or chestnuts to any other horse, Sir Archy, his sire, excepted. Like his sire, he is fit for the dray, wagon, or coach; as well as the turf, the field and the road-in short, for every purpose to which this noble animal can be applied, but that of a shooting poney. In England, one hundred and one horses had been entered for the Doncaster St. Leger stakes, twelve more than had ever been entered before. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. Selections for the Pennsylvanian Agricultural Society of Extracts from Dr. Parry's Essay on Merino SheepCotton Presses with a Cut of an improved one-Scientific Memoranda, applicable to rural economy,continuedHistory of Ancient and Modern Wines, by Alexander Henderson, M. D., continued-Conjugal Happiness enThey pour'd the Red Libation forth-Journal of a Trahanced by having Children-Poetry, A Mother's Love, vel to Louisville-Stud Book of a Gentleman of the South of Virginia-Editorial. Havana, 1st qual. 75 +52 2430 MEAL, Corn, kiln dried, bbl. 3 00 3 25 3 75 7 NAVAL STORES, Tar, bbl. 1 75 2 00 Turpentine, Soft, Loaf, Lump, SALT, St. Ubes, 67 9 2 25 2 00 2 12 gal. 30 40 50 70 88 1 00 9 75 10 00 ton. 5 25 lb. 3 31 5 6 18 20 No 51.-VOL. 7. AGRICULTURE. SHEEP. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, MARCH 10, 1826. SELECTIONS FOR THE PENNSYLVANIA AGRICULTU- Extracts from Dr. Parry's Essay on the Nature, Pro- NEW LEICESTER SHEEP DO NOT THRIVE UPON MO DERATE KEEP. 401 lish miles. By this forcible deviation from the laws chiefly owing to this cause. He says, that this conof nature, their digestion is impeded, and their nu- stant incestuous intercourse produces, in both sexes, trition, and consequently growth, is proportionably a deficiency of the powers of generation, and of defective. that of nursing in the female; reducing them to a Now I would ask any candid man, whether, un-state approaching to that of eunuchs, who, in all anider such circumstances as these, continued during mals, are observed to have a peculiar tendency to several centuries, the Southdown, or any other of obesity. This conclusion is derived not only from the best native breeds of sheep in this island, could what takes place in the Leicester sheep, but from possibly have been in a superior state as to carcass? the case of the North Devon cows, which have conI would also appeal to the same person, whether stantly intermingled with those of a small district experience does not justify us in concluding, that around them, and have long been famed for a form, by the same care in breeding and nourishing, which and disposition to fatten, which makes them much his been long practised on the Southdown sheeep, the sought for by the butcher and grazier. These cows, "Again, the Leicester sheep loves to feed and fill Merino race itself may not, in a few years, be much however, are notoriously bad milkers, and go barren to himself within a small space of ground; and, there- meliorated, and, at length, in every circumstance of the western fairs in greater numbers than those of fore, requires rich and luxuriant herbage. On the gmeral usefulness, fully equal those which are quoted any other breed. If this opinion be well founded, it contrary, on moderate or poor keep, obtained at the in order to disgrace it? shews that the divine law against incest has a phyexpense of exercise, this breed acquires less flesh In this respect very great improvement has al-sical, as well as a moral end." in a given time than the Ryeland or Southdown. ready been made by Lord Somerville, whose ram It is therefore, comparatively, unfit for nearly half No. 20 must be acknowledged, by the most prejuthe pasture land in this island deed, to have a beautiful form; and if the throati- SCIENTIFIC MEMORANDA-APPLICABLE A Leicester ram is sluggish, and naturally ineffi- ness, or dewlap, which is often found in these sheep, cient; the ewe is often barren, and generally a bad and which is merely a duplicature of the skin, be a nurse; and the breadth of shoulder in the lamb, en- failt, Lord Porchester informs me that he has sucdangers its own life, and that of its dam, in yean-ceeded in entirely getting rid of it." ing. They are therefore, comparatively, unfit for propagation." WHICH CANNOT BE EATEN. TO RURAL ECONOMY. Every bunch of grapes commences its formation THE FINEST WOOL PLACED ON THE BEST CARCASS. as a tendril, and it is always in the power of every 'In forming my own flock, my view has certain- cultivator to occasion it to remain a tendril. The NEW LEICESTER SHEEP FIT TO PRODUCE THAT ly been to place the finest wool on the best carcass. blossoms are all additions, the formation of which Bit, for reasons which I shall hereafter assign, I is all dependant upon other agents, viz. upon the "As to the merit of their form in a picturesque have thought the two objects incompatible at the leaves, which are required to elaborate the food, view, I do not presume to decide; but I should sane time during the beginning of any set of ex- and upon a good exposure to light and heat. See scarcely expect to see it chosen for representation peiments in crossing these two breeds, and there- Knight in Lond. Hort. Trans. 1819. in any picture, which was not expressly intended for have hitherto confined myself only to the forfor agricultural illustration, except by that artist, me object, which I have as yet, by no means fully Aphis Lanigera, or American blight. who, having always furnished the shoulders of his acomplished. I have bred indiscriminately from This insect infests and injures the apple tree. full grown clowns with the heads of children, fan- allmy ewes, and universally preferred those rams They are the smallest of the aphides. When young, cied the composition beautiful. which had the finest fleeces, notwithstanding which, they are of an amber colour, which approaches that For what then is a perfect Leicester sheep fit? On my sheep are, in general, shorter in the legs and of lead as they become full grown. They are found rich land, he is calculated, at an early age, to produce, neks, have smaller bones, a rounder barrel, a wider upon the thinnest bark, and in cracks of the outer for eating, that which cannot be eaten, but which is lan, and, consequently, a better hind quarter, than bark, enveloped in a mealy web, resembling, when good for the manufacture of soap and candles. any pure Merinoes which I have happened to see, examined through a microscope, an accumulation Is there then, it may be asked, no fitness, and except that particular ram of Lord Somerville, of the finest cotton threads They multiply rapidtherefore no beauty in that form, which is now so which I have already mentioned. generally recognized as perfect? I think there is. I have allowed that the abstract principle is well founded; but I deny that it is either universally up plicable, or that it is true in the extent to which it is carried in the New Leicester race of sheep. Every thing is fit, and therefore beautiful, only when in its proper degree as well as place. This change I attribute to the female, or Ryeland blood, which in forming the progeny, acts most on the carcass; while that of the male, or Merino, chiefly affects the skin and fleece. This opinion is confirmed by the following facts: ly; subsist on the juices of the tree, and cause small bunches upon the branches and roots. Their web contains an infinite number of small transparent globules, of a viscid saccharine fluid, the voided excrements of these singular insects. They prefer young trees. The effects of their ravages are Of the pure Negrette breed, a very large propor- soon visible in the cankered appearance of the bark, tion of the rams is horned, while a few have short the sickly aspect and scarcity of the leaves, and the In these points, which when justly regulatel, are snags, and scarcely any are knots, or hornless. On almost total want of blossom. In several other spedoubtless excellent, it cannot be denied that the the contrary, of the Merino Ryelands of the fourth cies of aphides or plant lice, the excrementitious depopure Spanish breed is, in its own country, grossly cross, a considerable number have no horns or only sition is the cause of the phenomenon known by the deficient But at this we cannot wonder, when we snags; and I am disposed to believe, that the pro- name of honey-dew. To destroy this mischievous attend to its history. We have seen that, in Spain, portion of these increases as we breed in and in insect, Sir Oswald Moseley (see Rep. Arts, 1819, p. it is merely a wool bearing animal, in which figure from the same cross, though from horned rams. 175.) found train oil the only effectual application. is no more important than in a silk worm, or a Farther; in breeding from the pure Merino, the It not only caused instant death, but the insect did cotton-plant; that a great proportion of the rams ram lambs in carcass take after the father, and the not re-appear on the part oiled during the two folare killed as soon as yeaned; that only a few ewe lambs from the Ryeland; and the same thing lowing summers. This aphis is often beaten to the wethers are made; that the animal is rarely eaten, happens with regard to the fleece; so that the male ground by heavy rains, when it crawls to the root except by the shepherds and other labourers, and offspring in many instances, obtain preeminence in and makes a lodgement there. then never fattened; and that Madrid, near and fine wool one generation before any of the female. through the gates of which myriads of this breed an- These facts show the respective influences of the culturists of Great Britain. It has appeared in my nually pass, actually depends on Barbary for its sup- male and female in generation; and as, from what I nursery two or three of the last seasons, and given ply of mutton. have stated above, it appears that the fleece is con- much trouble. I have made it a business to seek If, indeed the principle be admitted, that good stantly improving from breeding in and in with the for and destroy them, until their number is greatly forms cannot be obtained without an uniform de-fourth cross, I may hope that at this period, I may lessened. With a woollen cloth saturated with train gree of nutrition, it is impossible that they can ever now be able to attempt a melioration of the carcass oil, I am in hopes of now being able to overcome exist under the present habits of the Merino race by that mode, so as in a very short time to exhibit them. In the nursery the cloth may be used with in Spain. Sheep never thrive well on any food when its effects through a large proportion of my flock. the hand, and affixed to a stick or pole for larger kept together in great numbers. It is also necessary As far as I have been able to observe of this trees. to the economy of these and various other animals, breed. the great progress which they make is from This insect has caused much alarm to the horti It that after having finished a meal, they should lie 2 to 4-tooth. The proper time to fatten them will There is a maggot (says Hayward, in the Science down and rest for the purpose of chewing the cud. therefore be from 4 to 6-tooth. But both periods of Horticulture, &c.) which preys on the young As the food is not regularly taken, the stomach in may probably be accelerated by early and uniform branches of the apple tree in a singular manner. different animals composing large flocks must be- luxuriance of keep. Perhaps also the same end penetrates near the point of the young growing come full, during every different minute of the day; may be promoted by breeding in and in This has shoots, and eats its way down the centre of the pith. notwithstanding which, they must at stated hours been suggested to me by Mr. Davis, who thinks the The young shoot of course withers and dies, and, take their daily journey of from five to fifteen Eng-learly fattening of the New Leicester breed to be to a superficial observer, without any susceptible No. 51.-VOL. 7. injury. Whenever, therefore, this is seen, the top time I have not had an animal diseased, except by feed was given them, of the yellow Aberdeen turshould be cut off, the hole of the maggot will then accidents. I do not think more salt is consumed nip and mangel wurtzel, with which he has sucbe discovered, down which it should be traced to its than would be required to feed twice a week in the ceeded better, than with the ruta baga. end and destroyed. Query-Is it not this maggot old method; and I believe the beasts are as much Besides the value of rape for sheep, Mr. Miller that destroys many of our pears, the first indica- benefited by having it daily, or when their appetite thinks that no green crop can be so profitably emtions of decay in which appears in the branches? craves it, as man is by mixing it with his ordinary ployed either for soiling or pasturing milk cows. food. He says, Mr. Curwen, of Cumberland, England, speaks in the highest terms of it in his reports; increasing the quantity of milk, without imparting any disagreeable flavour to it. Ploughed in green, Mr. M. supposes rape would be superior, as a manure, to any plant used in that way. Mr. William Phillips, the neighbour of Mr. Miller, has six acres of rape, sown last September, for seed. It is now quite green, notwithstanding the late severe frosts. The value of the rape seed oil for greasing wool, and of the cake for fattening cattle, was mentioned in the report of the Society's meeting, in January. These important facts will, doubtless, be appreciat ING AGRICULTURE. in the chair. The eggs of an aphis are deposited in autumn, (says Hayward, in the work before quoted,) on the PHILADELPHIA SOCIETY FOR PROMOTembryo bud of the peach, which is hatched with the first start of vegetation in spring; and they multiply so fast, that in a few days there are several generations of them, which become destructive to the young fruit and tree. The only successful application was found to be snuff, repeatedly applied with a barber's puff. It has been ascertained by M. Bonnet and other naturalists, that males of the aphides are produced only every tenth generation, and then but few in number-one copulation serving for the ten generations! See Rep. Arts, 1819, p. 357. The aphis alluded to by Hayward may be found in the corolla and calix of the peach while in bloom. I have seen the latter filled with them. I think the smoke of tobacco or sulphur, in a still morning, would be as beneficial as snuff, and could be more generally applied. Salting Cattle. The following communications were read: The following premiums have been awarded 1. To Samuel Goodwin, for an ingenious fronted by our farmers. door lock, $20. III. A letter from Dr. Hatfield Smith, of N. J., 2. To Dr. James S. Ewing, for a screw-cock hy. with a sample of cotton which he procured at Aridrant, a medal and $20. 3. To Coleman Sellers, for a simple and effectual the extra quantity of tar used in the manufactureof 5. To Isaac Conard, of Lampeter township, La The duty on rock salt, consumed in Great Britain, is 5l. ($22.20) the ton; the cost of the salt, exclusive 6. To George Harper, for two drills, one for poof the duty, 10s. ($2 22) the ton. From the exami- tatoes and one for seeds, $10. nations before parliament, and the discussions 7. To William Shotwell, New York, for an easy which have taken place in the periodical journals, weeder for garden walks, $5. relative to the operation of this enormous tax upon 8. To Robert Welford and James H. Deas, or agriculture, and the poor, many interesting facts an improved plane, with frictionless metallic rolles, have been developed. It appears from these docu- for planing floors, a medal and $20. ments, hat not only farm cattle, but even the poor| 9. To Daniel Neal, for a vertical printing pres, of many districts, have been virtually restricted the a medal and $20. ca, in Peru. The trees from which he took the cotton were of great size. The dimensions of one were rather more than seven inches in diameter, vered with flowers and pods, in various states of and upwards of fourteen feet in height. It was comaturity. The trees grew within a quarter of a mile of the sea shore; those which grew further up the valley were not so healthy. The seeds are black, and part from the wool easily. The staple of the cotton, is about the length of the green seed or upland cotton of the United States, but coarser. The salutary effects of the proximity of the sea on the Arica cotton plant, will not surprise the planters of the Southern United States, who know the connexion between the fine quality of the silky black seed or Sea Island cotton, and a salt atmosphere. Their experience coincides with that of the planters of Demerara, (Bolingbroke's Voyage,) and use of salt, by the heavy impositions of govern- 10. To James Gardette, dentist, for three great with the reports from Africa, (3d Report of Afriment; and that where this privation has been felt, improvements in his profession, now in general use can Institution,) and yet Koster says, that in the diseases have been multiplied to man and beast in Europe and the United States; and for a simple Brazils "the opinion is very general that the cotton to an alarming extent. J. C. Curwen, member of lever instrument for the more easy and expeditious plant will not thrive in the neighbourhood of the parliament, well known as a scientific and success-extraction of teeth and stumps of teeth, a medal coast," and asks, "might not the Sea Island seed ful agriculturist, states, as among the advantages of and $20. be sent for, and a trial of it be made?" He is iggiving salt to his cattle daily, that it removed the 11. To Jonathan Nicholls, of Providence, Rhode nonnt of the fact, that the Sea Island cotton seed unpleasant flavour from milk of cows fed with tur Island, for a portable carriage spring seat, a medal was originally received from Pernambuco, as stated nips; that it greatly lessened inflammatory diseases, and $20. in a former report of a meeting of this society. promoted digestion, increased the quantity of milk, 12. To John Meer, for a razor strap, a medal The Publishing Committee announced the publiand disposed the animal to fatten. That it improv- and $20. cation of the fifth volume of the Society's Memoirs, ed the general health and spirits of horses, render- 13. To Mrs. Frances Jones, for an improvement by Mr. Small. [National Gazette. ed the gloss of their coats remarkably fine; and, in making patent lint, $20 given at the rate of eight to twelve ounces per day, 14. To Benjamin Freymouth, for a very ingerestored to usefulness and comparative health seve- nious chamber alarm bell, which can be attached ral which had been rendered useless by a disorder to a watch, a medal and $5. KITCHEN GARDENING. As every farmer is interested in the best method of called the grease. That given to sheep in the quan- 15. To John C. Jenckes, of Providence, Rhode cultivatinga common kitchen garden, I have collecttity of two ounces per day, it preserves their health, Island, for an apparatus to enable persons with ed as much information on that subject as my means renders them sound, and sensibly improves their fractured limbs, to be moved in their positions in could furnist. I found that many farmers are in the condition. bed, and to be raised up without injury to the limb, habit of purchasing seeds from the people denomiLord Somerville, equally noted for his spirited a medal and $20. nated Shakers; and I imagined that an account of and judicious husbandry, considers salt all import- All the foregoing inventions are in use. the Shakers' method of cultivating the most useful ant to sheep. Without it, even on dry soils, his II. A letter to the chairman from Mr. W. J. Mil- plants of the kitchen garden, would be very accepflock became sickly, and many died. Salted twice ler, Esq., of Philadelphia county, on the culture of table. In the annexed directions I have embraced a a week, they became healthy. Salt preserved hay, rape, dated February 20, 1826. Mr. Miller found course of operations which I received from Richard and restored it when damaged. It is a preventive that a crop of wheat on ground which had previous Treat, the oldest gardener at the Shaker village in of the rot. In the humid climate of Great Britain, ly borne a crop of rape, was one of the best he New Lebanon, Columbia county, New York. The his lordship feeds a ton of salt to every thousand ever had, and that the burthen of grasses, viz: hospitality and friendly attentions of this people, sheep annually. It is particularly serviceable with wheat, clover, timothy and orchard, sown upon the and their readiness to communicate whatever they green food, clover and turnips, and prevents or cures wheat, and cut last season, was greater than any he believed might be useful to the industrious cultiva the hoven, occasioned by excess of fermentation in had hitherto. On the 23d July, 1824, he sowed tor of the earth, could but excite gratitude and adthe stomach. In a wet season he did not lose a twenty acres of corn ground at the last harrowing, miration. Leaving out of view what we are dissheep, although fed with turnips; and he considers with rape seed; on the 25th September, when the posed to call errors in their religious creed, we may salt a specific against disease. He generally gives corn was cut off, the rape covered the whole surface; confidently say, that every thing visible among them it with hay, about 25 lbs. being sifted on every ton. in many places the plants were two feet high. A exhibits the fruits of genuine Christian benevolence, See Rep. of Arts, v. 34-35. six acre field furnished pasture for 200 ewes and amiable manners, and highly cultivated understandThese facts afford useful suggestions to the far-lambs, above two weeks; 14 acres were left until ings. mer. I have for two years had troughs fixed under the 25th December, and afforded the ewes fine sucmy cattle sheds, to which the stock have free access, culent pasture, till the time they commenced lamb- It should be sowed as early as it can be raked and in which salt is constantly kept. During this ing, when they were put on hay, and at noon a good into the ground, for it cannot be injured by early LETTUCE. |