machine indicates much ingenuity, and is said to operate to the satisfaction of those who have seen it perform. The Chaises presented from the factory of Messrs. G. & H. Frances, of this city, were very elegant specimens of form, workmanship and finish. A sample of Cheese was sent as a curiosity by the Rev. Mr. Robbins, made 35 years ago. [Conn. Courant. COMMUNICATED. Hartford County, (Conn.) Nov. 11, 1825.. Our Cattle Show was, as usual, attended by some good judges of stock, some lookers on, and some puffers. There were exhibited for premiums, a few Short Horns, many native and Devon Cattle. Resolved, That the Corresponding Committee be On the second day the weather was more auspiinstructed to correspond with the other agricultural cious, and though still cold, was clear. The exhisocieties in this section of the state; and, by ar- bition of Domestic Manufactures, always the most rangement with them, determine the times of hold- interesting part of the show, because it is most ining the next shows, so that they shall not conflict timately connected with our individual and national with each other in point of time; and that they independence, was on this occasion expected by all cause due notice to be given of the time of holding classes of our community with anticipated delight. our next show, when so determined. But here again the success of the exhibition, and Resolved, That any person who shall hereafter the pleasure of the anxious throng that surrounded wish to become a member of this Society, must be the place where the specimens of the industry and present to be introduced in person, when elected; ingenuity of our farmers' wives and daughters ought or he must express such wish by note or letter to to have been shown, was completely marred by the some member of the society; which shall be pre- bad arrangements, or rather no arrangements, that served on file. had been made for the purpose. The number of Resolved, That be a committee for the specimens, and the superior beauty of some of determining what kind of stock or manufactures are those we were fortunate enough to inspect, warrant For fat Oxen, the first premium was awarded to most worthy the encouragement of this society; the belief that had they been properly displayed, A. Mills, Esq, of East Windsor, for his five years and that they be empowered and required to pre- this exhibition would not have fallen short of the old steer, a descendant of Mr. Wolcott's bull, his pare a list of premiums for the same, and cause it former ones. But to the great majority of those dam by the same bull that sired the famous Con- to be published, with the least possible delay, for who went to enjoy the scene, it was as a sealed necticut ox. The premiums for working oxen, were the information of all concerned. book. It was with difficulty that the judges, with all awarded to native cattle. For three years old Resolved, That to insure order, and more effec- the assistance of the constables to boot, could obsteers, the first premium was awarded to Mr. Bart- tually promote the design of this society, the said tain such an inspection of the goods as was neceslett, of East Windsor, for steers of native breed. committee be required to prepare a set of rules for sary to a correct judgment, owing to the unreguFor two years old steers, half blood Devons receiv- the regulation of the next show-which shall be related pressure of a crowd of persons towards one ed the first premium. For milch cows, the first ported to the spring meeting for its approbation. spot. However, it will be seen by the proceedings premium was awarded for a three years old half Resolved, That all the Committees necessary for of the society, that they have resolved to make bet blood Denton cow. For two years old heifers, the carrying into effect the said rules, be appointed at ter arrangements in future. Measures are also to first premium was awarded to Mr. Joseph Morgan, the spring meeting, and the names of the said com- be taken to bring into active operation a large porof Hartford, for a half blood short horn, by Comet, mittees published, together with the other arrange- tion of the funds of the society, which to the great in competition with a host of Devons. For two ments of the Society. impediment of its operations, now lie in the pockets years old heifers, the second premium was given for That part of the 16th article of the constitution, of certain members in the shape of arrearages. It a quarter blood Devon; and the third premium for which declares that "any member who shall be is to be hoped that this part of the society's future a half blood Devon and the most promising animal found two years in arrears, shall be considered as operations will be entirely successful, for on that of the blood, I have ever seen. For yearling heifers, having withdrawn from the Society," was repealed depends the success of all the rest. the first premium was given to a quarter blood and the following adopted: Devon, in competition with many half blood Devons. Resolved, That no member of this Society shall JAMES M. GARNETT, President. mium for bulls-he shows many of the fine points WM. F. GRAY, Secretary. I am respectfully, your ob'dt. servant, and the CIETY. The annual meeting of the Fredericksburg Agricultural Society was held at the Indian Queen tavern on Wednesday, the 9th of November, and continued by adjournment on the 10th. The following gentlemen were elected officers for the ensuing year: James M. Garnett, President. John Chew, Assistant Secretary. The following remarks upon the late Agricultural Show have been furnished by a member of the society. As they agree entirely with our own observations, as far as they extended, we give them in his own words: THE SHOW. Fifty-six new members have been admitted into the society since the last annual meeting, and in them the society has made a considerable acquisition of wealth and intelligence. The withdrawals, in the mean time, have been few. The friends of the association need not fear but that it will go on and prosper. And we may reasonably indulge the hope that its benefits will be greatly increased as the sphere of its operations are enlarged. [Virginia Herald. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF THE VAL- Notwithstanding the many unfavourable circumstances which preceded and attended the late Agri- The third annual exhibition of the Agricultural cultural Exhibition, it has been such as to strength- Society of the Valley, was held in Winchester, on en our confidence in the beneficial influence of the Thursday, Friday, and Saturday of last week, and association, and to stimulate us to still further efforts was numerously attended by the farmers of this and in the good cause. The low state of our funds the adjoining counties. For a regular account of during the past year, rendered it for a time a mat-the proceedings, we refer the reader to the subjointer of anxious doubt with the society whether they ed minutes of the secretary, who, we are pleased to would venture to propose another show or not. see, has not confined himself to a formal report, but This caused the list of premiums which was finally has filled up the chasms usual at such times with a resolved on, to be offered too late to create the connected detail of all that was done on this interestcompetition which an earlier publication would ing occasion. have insured. The races, and several agricultural It was somewhat in disparagement of this exhibiexhibitions in neighbouring counties, happening tion that the weather was so unfavourable. The about the same period-one of them, (that of the morning of Thursday was drizzly, and in the afterAlbemarle Society at Charlottesville,) on the same noon a violent shower of rain drove every thing beweek-had the effect of drawing off much of the fore it. On Friday the weather was cold, accompa- Committee of Correspondence.-John Taliaferro, public attention from the Fredericksburg Exhibi- nied by a strong north-wester; and it was not until Robert Lewis, John S. Wellford, Wm. Bernard, tion; in addition to all which the elements were ad- Saturday that Nature seemed to regard the closing Wm. F. Gray. verse. The weather, which had for some time been scene with complacency. Among the resolutions passed, were the follow-delightful Indian summer, suddenly assumed a Notwithstanding these disadvantages, the streets ing: wintry aspect, and the first day was cold and wet. were thronged with citizens and strangers-the Resolved, That all new members, admitted at the This alone prevented the presence of many who church was crowded to overflowing-the cattle field semi-annual meetings in May, shall be charged with designed being there; the exhibition, however, was presented a living mass of human beings-and the their annual contributions at the annual meeting in well attended, not only by our townsmen, but by ploughing-match, the day following, was much imNovember, following such admission. many of the yeomanry of the adjoining counties of peded by the concourse of spectators. Resolved, That a premium of $20 be given to the Stafford, King George, Westmoreland, Essex, Ca- Compared with the previous exhibitions, there grower of the largest quantity of wheat, on not less roline, Grange, Louisa, Culpepper, and Fauquier was nothing in this to depress the hopes of the friends than ten contiguous acres of land. And that a pre- And one of the successful competitions was from of the society, but much to encourage them. The mium of $20 be given to the grower of the largest beyond the Blue Ridge. The exhibition of Cattle animals made a fine display, and were thought to be quantity of Indian corn, on not less than ten conti- and Horses was upon the whole good-in some re-superior to those of last year. In the manufactures guous acres of land. 'spects better than on former occasions. there was an evident improvement, especially in the fabrics wrought by the fair hands of the daughters On Implements of Husbandry and Inventions of Keeping twelve mares one year, at $20 With your correspondent, I will suppose Seven of the nine foals will average at From which deduct the expense of keep- 240 27 90 108 180 180 $825 $1400 700 $2100 825 Profit, $1275 cheeks than the cosmetics of the refiner, and a know- ALBEMARLE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. At a meeting of the Agricultural Society of the Valley, held in the Court House in Winchester, October 27, 1825; William B. Page, president, in the chair. The president announced that the society had met for the purpose of holding its annual exhibition. He was gratified to observe so numerous an attendance of the members, and felt assured that unanimity and good feeling would prevail throughout this interesting occasion. As a preparatory step in the proceedings, he would name the marshals and committees; after which the society would proceed in the duties of the day. Marshals.-Joseph H Sherrard, George W. Kiger, Ebin Milton, Alfred Parkins, Solomon R. Jackson, years will produce similar results, or Which with the product of the first year, amounts to From which deduct the cost of keeping old and upwards, and I will suppose that 6 of James Barbour, Esq the present Secretary of CAPITAL IN HORSES AND SHEEP. 8925 $10200 1680 $8520 $ 600 8520 9120 3552 Leaves profit of $5568 Or of $696 per annum, or say $600, leaving the $96 per annum, to meet casualties, which will leave $50 profit per annum on each brood mare, besides the advantage of feeding hay and grain on the farm, C. and the consequent accumulation of manure. I have examined the "Comparative estimates of P. S. Relative to the "Estimate on Sheep." I poscapital employed in rearing horses, cattle, and sheep. in West Pennsylvania," published in the 7th sess a flock of about 500 merino sheep; the expense volume, 30th number of the American Farmer; as of keeping them has been greater than that stated I take deep interest in the subject, having vested by your correspondent, and the profit resulting from them has certainly been less. But, perhaps I have some capital in the purchase of brood mares and merino sheep-and as I do not concur fully in opin- 100 ewes, there will be 15 or 20 quite old sheep; erred in the management of my sheep. In a flock of On Crops.-Edward J. Smith, Thomas Nelson, ion with the author of the statement, particularly in relation to horses, permit me to give you my view Thomas Russell, Isaac Wood, Archibald Magill. On Horned Cattle and Sheep-Lewis Neill, John of the matter. There can be little profit, and there Gilkeson, Amos Lupton, John Peter, John S. Davi- is less use, in rearing ordinary or low priced horses, for reasons so obvious that I deem it unnecessary to son, John Hopkins, jun. assign them. sell off all his young thrifty ewes, and reserve for his presume that no man of any judgment would own use the old ewes. Taking this, and all probable casualties into consideration, it is fair to conclude, that the original flock of ewes will not exceed 90 at the expiration of one year. The allowance of hay is not sufficient, in my opinion, full grown sheep require eight pounds of grass, each, per day, or an equivalent, which is two pounds of hay. In the northern counties of Pennsylvania, hay must be fed to sheep 150 days in each year. If I am correct in this, it follows that your correspondent's allowance of hay must be more than doubled. Five hundred sheep will require the constant at-led by a writer in the Baltimore Patriot, that the Merino, flock of Mr. Kinne, WOOL. The product in lambs, stated by your correspon- what in proportion to the increased cultivation of dent, is greater than I have been able to accomplish; the raw material. Wool, like cotton, must always many of my lambs have died before they have be an article which will command a fair price and a Saxony fleece, reached the age of one year, and I have constantly ready market, and the price will bear a consideralost some the latter part of the winter and early in ble diminution before its production will be an un- Spanish, the spring, when they are about one year old; living profitable business for the grower. [Nat. Stan over one year, they generally do well; but I am satisfied that hitherto I have not raised to exceed a year old, more than fifty lambs from one hundred ewes, taking the average of my flock of ewes. AS DEAR SIR, Philadelphia, Nov. 19, 1825. your correspondent has evidently been more fortu- Subjoined you have an extract of a letter received nate than I have been with sheep, he will confer a from a gentleman now in Paris, who was requested great obligation if he will communicate his mode of to procure for me a few sheep, of the government managing them, particularly the ewes and lambs, flock at Rambouillet. It may be interesting to those and by stating at what period of the year his ewes of your subscribers who have turned their attention drop their lambs. to the rearing of fine woolled sheep. The north western counties of Pennsylvania, are peculiarly well adapted for the rearing of horses and sheep, as the soil, generally, yields abundance of grass for pasturage and hay, the climate is good, and the country is somewhat rolling-I speak of Erie, Crawford, and Warren counties. ON THE CULTURE OF WOOL. Middlebury, Vermont, Oct. 18, 1825. "SALES AT RAMBOUILLET. Unwashed, Native, low grade, 2000 lbs. 59 Mr. I. Thorndike, jr. 1900 64 56 9 bales 65 4 bales 60 2 bales 58 2 bales 50 400 56 500 800 58 "The rams and ewes found a great number of Spinning The prejudices which have heretofore prevailed The sales of wool and sheep amounted to 71,000 High grade, to a very considerable extent, seem now to be comfrancs-which was one-third more than the last pletely vanquished, and the emulation which exists year. for the possession of the more improved breeds of this animal, is highly auspicious to the prosperity of the state. Those who possess flocks with an admixture of the merino from a half to full bloods, pro- The sale of a large quantity of wool, by Messrs. eure from forty to sixty or seventy cents per pound Coolidge, Poor & Head, yesterday, went off with for their wool, while the price of the common fleece spirit, and at fair prices. The following is a note is only thirty-four cents. These prouts of the im- of the prices. Terms, under $1000, six monthsproved breeds are further greatly enhanced by the $1000 to 2000, six and nine months-$2000 and superior weight of the fleece, which in ordinary over, six, nine and twelve months: flocks of half and three quarters blood, will average Electoral Saxony wool, 1 bale, lb. from three and a half to four pounds, while two and 1st Prima Saxony wool, 6 bales a half and three pounds, is a good yield for common sheep with the same feed and keeping. A further Mixed, benefit is seen in the superiority of price of the uned Prima Saxony, ven eighths blooded from three to six dollars; while Secunda Saxony, the price of native sheep. The preference of rear-Imperial Saxony, ing sheep rather than cattle may be seen in the di- 1st quality Saxony, minished labour, the ready profits, and the superior Super Spanish, prices of sheep and wool, over beef, butter and Saxony, cheese. Spinning wool, fresh water washed, 14 bales 96 Full blood, flock of S. & L Hurlbut, 1200 lbs. 91 Grade wool, 85 Mostly full blood, 78 7-8 blood, $1 89 Extra full blood, 960 1 50 Full blood, 800 1 bale 1 40 700 1 box 60 Principally full blood, 10GO 6 bales 1 024 Native and grade, 600 10 bales $9 10 bales 38 10 bales 35 34 58 origin from a selection made from a Spanish flock, and introduced into Saxony about sixty years since, Spanish wool, 4 R. 2 F. where they have been nourished with peculiar atten- Mixt Saxony, 20 bales tion until the fineness of their fleeces far surpassed Merino, flock of Mr. Ticknor, that of the parent stock. This circumstance decides 1800 lbs. Some months past we were interested by a corres60 pondent of yours under the signature of "Amphicon," in relation to a horse-mill, the invention of Mr. Ellicott, which was supposed to be admirably adapted to plantation use, to supply good corn meal for the family and the labourers, as well as to crush corn for stock. Such a mill is the most desired machine that could be presented to the farmers if it 524 will be effective, durable, and of moderate price, and 74 would inevitably obtain rapid and numerous sales. They ought to be of different dimensions, some of one horse power and some of two, and of course of different prices. 73 Mrs. Woodward, 2600 56 1800 54 4th. Generally, the management of the trees, so as to supply leaves in the greatest abundance? By crushing corn I understand the breaking up 3d. How are the leaves gathered to feed the the cob with the corn on it, and grinding it when worms; whether in branches, or the leaves picked thus broken into what is called cobmeal. This is a off? most important matter; and a durable machine, simple in structure, capable of being worked by one or two horses, moderate in price, that will effect this, and also grind from twenty-five to fifty bushels a day of good family bread meal, will deserve and no doubt receive a most extended patronage. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. GENERAL OPERATIONS OF COOKERY. STEWING. 5th. Where a supply of the eggs of the silk-worm Stewing differs from roasting and broiling, in the are to be obtained; and their management; and heat being applied to the substance through a small how the worms are managed so as to procure an portion of a liquid medium; and, from boiling and annual supply? frying, in the process being conducted by means of I desire to know through the medium of the Ame- 6th. The house or room to breed the worms in, an aqueous, and not by means of an oily fluid. It is rican Farmer, if Mr. Ellicott's horse mill has turned and the apparatus generally to conduct the business necessary that the fire be moderate, for a strong out satisfactorily, and whether it is such a mill as I in the best manner? heat suddenly applied would be very injurious. The have described. I should also wish to know the 7th. The proper time to take the cocoons; and liquids employed as the medium for applying the price precisely of such a mill, and who can be pro their management in winding off the silk? heat are usually water, gravy, or broth, the quantity cured to put them up. This information is desired 8th. What other (if any,) preparation is necessa- of which must be such as shall prevent the meat by a great many, a portion of whom are at conside-ry to prepare it for market, and where can it be from burning and adhering to the pan. It is not rerable distances from you. sold; and the usual price; and generally the expense quisite that the liquid be made to boil in stewing. A horse mill for these two purposes alone, viz. to and likely profit of the business, conducted by from It should only be raised nearly to a simmering heat, grind family corn meal, and to break up corn and six to ten young people, with an older one to super which will retard the fluid being evaporated too cob, and reduce that into cobmeal for stock, is want- intend? quickly. The closeness of the vessel will also preed. It is not desired to grind wheat, or to saw, or Your insertion of the above in your very useful vent the waste of the liquid. If it diminish too quickto do any thing else. paper (and not one of its least useful qualities, is ly, it must, from time to time, be replenished. The inquiry is not intended to be restricted to the obtaining information upon any point, from any Mr. Ellicott's mill. If any other person has invented part of the continent,) will much oblige a constant one of the kind described, that is thought better of, reader and MARYLANDER. it would be very gratifying to learn the comparative P S. Could cotton in the seed' meet with a sale Nov. 14, 1825. A TALBOT FARMER. MR. SMITH'S COTTON PLANTER. [Extract of a letter from a correspondent in South Carolina.] DEAR SIR, Edisto Island, Nov. 16, 1825. FOR THE AMERICAN FARMER. PLANTATION OF THE WHITE MUL- The management of the fire in cooking, is, in all cases, a matter of importance, but in no case is it so necessary to be attended to as in preparing stews or made dishes; not only the palatableness, but even the strength or richness of all made dishes, seems to depend very much upon the management of the heat employed in cooking them. The most proper sorts of animal food for stewing, are such as abound in fibrine, and which are too dry or too tough for roasting. When beef or mutton is rather old and too coarse flavoured, and not tender THE best method of multiplying the mulberry enough for the spit or the gridiron, it may, by stewtree, is from the seed; for as it grows it becomes acing, be not only rendered tolerably palatable, but customed to the climate, as if it were indigenous. even sometimes savoury and good. But the stewA short time since I read in the 28th No. of your It ought to be taken from the nursery at the end of ing process is not confined to flesh of this sort; for veal and other young flesh which abounds in gelapaper, an interesting communication from Mr. F. two years, and placed in a dry and elevated place, II. Smith, relative to his invention of a machine to about fifteen feet distant from any other tree. Two tine, when properly stewed, is much relished. save the tedious labour of planting cotton by hand. years afterwards it ought to be transplanted, and In consequence of my engagements at that time, placed at the same distance; again, at the end of the paper was laid by, and I have not since been two years it ought to be transplanted, and always able to find it, or Mr. Smith should have been fur-at the same distance. It may also be multiplied by nished with the information he solicited. No such slips or suckers, but it degenerates, and in the end machine, so far as my knowledge extends, has ever perishes in the flower of its age. The vegetables most usually stewed are carrots, turnips, potatoes, pease, beans, and other legumi nous seeds. Some fruits are also cooked in this way. Rationale.-Stewing is nothing else than boiling by means of a small quantity of an aqueous fluid, and continuing the operation for a long time to render the substance tender, to loosen its texture, to trate the most essential parts of animal or vegetable render it more sapid, and to retain and concen food. been in operation in this state; and I am satisfied, The eggs of the silk-worm must be hatched in from the description given, that it will be produc- the month of May, at the time when the leaves tive of great practical benefits. At any rate I feel have all their sap, and are still extremely tender; disposed to test its efficacy. Twenty labourers can the leaves must be always gathered in the evening seldom plant more than fifteen acres of cotton a for the next day morning, lest they should not be If the stew-pan be close shut, it is evident that day; which are five acres less, than the work the moist. The quantity of leaves that one has should none of the nutritive principles can escape, and must "cotton planter" can perform in the same time. If always be calculated, in order that the requisite either be found in the meat itself or in the liquid. Mr. Smith will do me the favour of forwarding to quantity of eggs may be hatched. One ounce of The water or gravy in which the meat is stewed, me, through you, a model of his invention, he will eggs will produce 40,000 worms; 50 pounds of A tree six being capable of dissolving the gelatine and albube aiding the cause of agriculture, and conferring a leaves are sufficient for 1000 worms. benefit on many of the planters at the South. years old will not produce more than from 60 to 80 men, the greater part of them become separated durring the simmering process. Now, since the firm pounds. texture of the bundles of fibres of meat is owing to the solid gelatine and albumen gluing them, as it were, together, when they are dissolved and disenThese principles, as well as the fat and osmazome, gaged, the meat must become greatly disorganized. are partly disengaged from the meat, and become united with the gravy. It is to these, indeed, that the gravy owes all its richness and excellence. The RURAL ECONOMY. MULBERRY TREES AND THE SILK-WORM DEAR SIR, The house should be very dry and well aired; the shelves on which the silk-worms are placed should be of wood, dry, and without any peculiar smellno bad odour should be suffered to enter the apartment; that is to say, care must be taken to prevent The HAVING a number of young people, that in com-the morning air from penetrating the room. mon farming are of no manner of service, and alto-worms are subject to many diseases. When they gether consumers of the fruits of the labouring are discovered to be diseased, they must be thrown hands; and wishing to find them some employment away, lest the disorder should be communicated to muscular fibres and the tendons acquire a gluey apthat may turn to advantage, I have thought that the the rest. When the time of making co oons has pearance and texture, and the whole forms a safeeding and rearing of the silk-worm, and its la- come, small branches must be placed in the shelves voury gelatinous stew, gravy, or soup. No scorching or browning of the meat takes place bours, might supply me with what I wish--and will and the worms must in no wise be disturbed. When if the process is properly conducted; for the tempetherefore be much obliged to any of your the cocoons are made, the handsomest are to be rature to which it is exposed does not exceed the dents, acquainted with the subject, to give me the left for seed; the others are to be detached from necessary information, beginning with the planting the branches, and thrown into boiling water; the thread loosens itself, and is to be divided upon a of the trees, to the management of the cocoons, or silk balls; as, spindle. The price five dollars per pound. 1st. At what distance are the trees to be planted; It is necessary that the work should be directed whether singly, or in rows, and at what distance be-by persons of judgment, either for watching the silk worms, or for choosing the leaves. tween the rows? correspon boiling point of water. In the stewing of vegetables, saccharine matter is formed, the starch and mucilage are rendered soluble, and of course, set free the woody fibre, which either floats through the liquid or adheres together very slightly. It accordingly constitutes either a pasty fluid, or converts the vegetables to a soft pulp; sometimes their original shape being preserved enItire, and at other times not. BOILING. wards by the soup or broth which is formed, till the place under your "sporting olio," I cheerfully com Boiling is a much more common operation than whole texture assumes a softened consistence, and municate it for that purpose: any of those we have considered, with the exception pale appearance. It is this, rather than any soft- On Tuesday evening last, I accompanied my perhaps of roasting. It consists, as every body ening of the fibres themselves, which seems to be friend, Mr. J. R. M., for the sole purpose of testing knows, in subjecting the materials of food to the in- the real effect produced, unless, with some, we con- his abilities with a double-barrelled gun; of course I fluence of heat, through the medium of boiling wa-sider the fibres as nothing more than minute and left my fowling piece at home-and with only one ter, or of steam. close-set bundles of blood vessels. This doctrine, dog, (my favourite Pan,) we sallied forth-when in The water employed for boiling meat or pulse however, the experience of every cook will disprove; less than two hours Mr. M. bagged 21 partridges on should be soft, and the joint should be put on the for if the boiling be long continued, the fibres of the the wing, in 19 shots; not once missing, and with fire immersed in cold water, in order that the heat meat will alone remain, and so far from becoming two wads brought down 4 birds. Can any of our may gradually cause the whole mass to become boil- more soft and pulpy, they will become dry and juice- sportsmen on Elkridge beat this? ed equally. less. If indeed the boiling point of the water be arYours, respectfully, S. T. T. If the piece of meat is of an unequal thickness, tificially increased to 212°, by pressure applied to Longealm, Baltimore Co., 10th Nov., 1825. the thinner parts will be overdone before the more the surface of the liquid, the fibres may be reduced [The parties are known by the Editor-and if massy portion is sufficiently acted on by the boiling to a pulp, quite homogeneous. When this is done their names were given, he would not presume, as by Papin's digester, or by any other apparatus of he does, to say, that he vouches for the correctness the same kind, an i when the process under such cir- of the above.] cumstances is long continued, the hardest bones may be converted into jelly. water. Salted meat requires to be very slowly boiled, or simmered only, for a quick and rapid ebullition renders salted provisions extremely hard. Frozen substances should be thoroughly thawed, and this is best effected by immersing them in cold water. Count Rumford has taken much pains to impress on the minds of those who exercise the culinary art, the following simple but practical, important fact, namely; that when water begins only to be agitated by the heat of the fire, it is incapable of being made hotter, and that the violent ebullition is nothing more than an unprofitable dissipation of the water, in the form of steam, and a considerable waste of fuel. It is only by boiling that the more gelatinous parts APPLE BUTTER. NORWEGIAN PONEY. of flesh can be completely extracted unaltered from A Norwegian Poney thirty two inches high, has such parts as are cartilaginous, ligamentous, or ten-been presented to the King, at Cumberland-lodge, dinous. [Accum's Cul. Chem. where it now remains. This curious little animal is of a dun colour, its coat quite in the rough, is four years old, and of good symmetry. Many of the horse-fanciers about Windsor express their utter The following has been furnished to us, by a cor admiration of the sweet little fellow, it being so dorespondent, as a correct account of the best way of cile that it follows the groom, who has the care of making apple butter, so little known in the southern him, up and down stairs like a dog, and lies down states, and so much valued in the northern: on the hearth rug before the fire. It has never yet From the beginning of the process to the end of "First, boil down the best flavoured cider, of se- been shod, will eat bread and potatoes as well as it the boiling should be as gentle as possible. Caus lected fruit, (and sweet is the best to keep,) to two- corn and hay, and drink beer. It was brought to ing any thing to boil violently in any culinary pro-thirds of the quantity put in. To every barrel of the royal lodge in a neatly fitted fancy coloured cocess, is very ill-judged; for it not only does not ex- cider put in six bushels of apples, of best quality, vering, bound round by a girth, for the royal inpedite, in the smallest degree, the process of cook pared, quartered and cleaned of the cores, and free spection; and was led by the groom to his majesing, but it occasions a most enormous waste of fuel, from rois and bruises. ty's apartments, who admired him as much on account of his docility, as for his diminutive size. For our own parts, we are not friendly to the en and by driving away with the steam many of the "As soon as boiled down one-third, as above, good appearance of it. Cooks often put a trevet, or plate, on the bottom of the boiling pot, to prevent the boiled substance sticking to the pot. SPORTING OLIO. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1825. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.--To meet the Convention on Internal Improvement, which is to assemble at Baltimore on the third Wednesday of next month, Delegates have been appointed in several counties of the state, and meetings are advertised to be held in others, for the same purpose. There is one to be held in Annapolis, and one in the city of Baltimore, on Wednesday next, the 30th of this month. It is to be hoped that all the counties will appoint delegates, in pursuance of the suggestion of the good citizens of Frederick county. It is due to them as an act of courtesy, independently of the intrinsick importance of the subject to all parts of the state. The delegates, as far as we have seen the lists, are gentlemen of known influence and distinction for their publick spirit and services, and happily for the cause in which their talents will be employed, they have been chosen without reference to narrow sectional or party interests. One obvious benefit must result from the proposed convention; it cannot fail to bring together, as to a focus, much valuable information as to the internal resources of the state, and the practicability of improving, by Rationale. When flesh or fish is boiled in an open vessel, or one not closely covered, the fibrous texture is rendered more tender: at the same time its nutritive quality is not much diminished For the temperature of the water or steam, never exceeding 212, is insufficient to produce the partial charring, which roasting and broiling effect. But, as in stewing, the gelatine, albumen, osmazone, and fat, are developed and disengaged, and becoming united with the liquid in the vessel, form a soup, or broth The paler colour of boiled meat is owing to the blood: being separated and diffused in the water. In frying, the boiling fat or oil enters into the interstices of the fibres which the disengaged animal juices have left empty. In boiling, in a similar way, the hot water takes the place of the blood, gelatine, fat, and albumen, which have been dissolved and separated JOHN S. SKINNER, Esq. from the fibres. The fibres are in this manner soak- Sir,-Believing the following result of an even-human art and industry, the natural sources of ed and washed, first by the boiling water, and after-ing's amusement, will not be deemed unworthy a wealth and population. |