united with courage; bursts of applause broke from and pursued a steady course of something less than fectly dry, before the application of either of these the assembled spectators on the conclusion of the 4 miles an hour, and reached Sutton at 9 o'clock in receipts. sport. As soon as Mr. Moggridge, who was the suc- the evening. On Thursday, the pedestrian reached Shoe-soles can have a layer of cork or waxed cancessful competitor, had cleared the last leap, he Stamford, and halted, at 2 o'clock in the morning, vas introduced between.-This will be found a very sprang from his seat, while going at full speed, and at Wandsford, rather indisposed for the first time. excellent precaution. stopped the horse by holding the bridle in his hand. The pleasures resulting from the regular races did not elicit a more joyous feeling than was manifested on this evening. ENGLISH HUNTER. HORSE EXERCISE. He, however, had time left to ease his journey, and PRIME SHOT. From the time of the Normans the horse has no doubt been considered as indispensable in the pur suit of the fox at least, if not equally so in that of the hare, and a century and a half ago, only a small An officer of the depot at Albany, isle of Wight, portion of Arabian blood was infused into the engaged, for a wager, to shoot 27 birds out of 30. veins of the English hunter. The horse then so He hit them all, but four fell without the bounds, highly valued was a large bony animal, well trained (100 yards,) so that he lost the match by only one to leaping, and capable of enduring a long gallop. | bird.* such a horse was, at that period, well calculated for the chase, as the hounds were then much heavier, and consequently slower, than those so highly es MATCH FROM FERRYBRIDGE TO LONDON, ASNEGER MATCH. For a wager of fifteen pounds, ($66 60,) Mr. D. Wilson, clothier, of Ipswich, undertook to drive an ass, his property, in a light gig, to London and back again, 140 miles in two days. The ass came in without the aid of a whip, at the rate of seven miles an hour, and performed the whole journey with ease. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1825. A match was made at Newcastle races for $1332, teemed at presen. As more blood, however, was by Mr. Futel, the owner of Corderio, that he would introduced into the hunter, the hounds were bred produce a man, within ten days, who should go on He is twelve and a half hands high, and half-bred more fleet; till, ultimately, such is the speed which foot from Ferrybridge, Yorkshire, to Shoreditch Spanish breed. the latter have attained, that nothing but thorough church, 173 miles, in three days. The pedestrian, blood, or nearly so, can lie by the side of them; and, a man from the Staffordshire collieries, of the name however highly prized the old English hunter might of Patterson, started on Sunday, the 8th of August, be, such an animal would cut but a sorry figure at at 12 o'clock at night, and travelled 30 miles to Melton Mowbray. It has, in fact, been found that breakfast on Monday morning, at 6 o'clock. The the thorough-bred horse is not only swifter but ca pedestrian reached Tuxford to take repast, and repable of enduring more fatigue than the animal once mained there four hours, and slept at Gunnerby, 65 so celebrated as the English hunter. At first view, miles. On the second day the pedestrian went to The next meeting of the Trustees of the the latter presents a more bulky appearance, but, on Stamford to breakfast, dined at Alconbury, and Maryland Agricultural Society, will be held at Lexexamination, it will be found that all the essentials reached Biggleswade, Herts, at 9 o'clock on Tues-ington, the residence of David Williamson, Jr., on of strength are better defined in the blood-horse, day, leaving 40 miles for the third day. At 4 o'clock Thursday next, the 10th November. while, on the score of bone, the difference is not only in the morning the pedestrian started, and break- It is time that measures were taken to procure very trifling but will frequently be found to prepon- fasted at Hatfield. He reached Shoreditch church some countenance from the Legislature to such meaderate in the latter. Sampson, a celebrated race-at 11 o'clock on Wednesday night, fresh and well, sures as may be calculated to promote the agriculhorse, descended from the Darley Arabian, was sup-with one hour to spare. posed to be the strongest blood horse ever seen. He was fifteen hands and a half in height, and the admeasurement of his legs was as follows: inche 4 Dimensions of the fore leg, from the hair of Round the hind leg, narrowest part 19 8 9 Sampson was a black horse, bred by James Preston, Esq. and foaled in 1745; and that his speed was equal to his amazing strength is evident from the circumstance of his beating all the best horses of his day. All our best hunters are now thorough-bred horses, or as nearly so as possible, and are far superior in every respect to the celebrated old English hunter. However, in the choice of a hunter, care should be taken that he is neither long-waisted nor leggy, he should have as much bone as possible, straight pas PEDESTRIANISM. tural concerns of the state, and each member should attend the next meeting, prepared to suggest such steps as may seem best calculated to improve the On Monday evening, John Townsend, the pedes-condition of Maryland husbandry. trian, (son of the Brighton town-cryer,) engaged to go six miles in one hour, in the following manner. The Pennsylvania Cattle Show is said to he was to run two miles; then to walk backwards have been attended by ten thousand persons. The RECEIPT FOR MAKING SHOES RESIST WATER. One pint of linseed oil, half a pound of mutton tern-joints, and good feet, spreading haunches, good suet; eight ounces of bees' wax, and one pennyloins, and well-knit joints. He should be at least worth of rosin: the whole to be boiled together, and fifteen hands high, with a lofty forehand, a good warmed before using. mouth, and a strong gallop. PEDESTRIANISM. VENATOR. 5 For weeks to come our columns will be much occupied with the proceedings of agricultural societies, connected with their annual exhibitions. In our next we shall probably give the report of the Exhibition in Pennsylvania-and from the New England Farmer, “Mr. Lowell's Report on fat Cattle, Bulls, and Bull Calves, with some prefatory remarks." Our readers know that we always insert the proceedings of that society-which we regard as the head-quarters of agricultural improvements. a THE GREAT MATCH RACE, for $20,000 a side, between Ariel, a New York Eclipse filly, and Flirtilla, Virginia mare, was won by Flirtilla on the 31st ult., after three severe heats. The first heat Ariel won by about a length. The first round of first Another. If the shoes are new, take half a pound heat was run in 2 min. 12 sec.; the two last rounds of bees' wax, a quarter of a pound of rosin, and one in 3 min. 47 sec.-which is said to be quicker than pound of tallow: to be boiled well together, and any two rounds on record in this country. Se. warmed before using. cond heat, won by Flirtilla by little more than a N B. It is hardly necessary to mention that the head-time, 5 min. 54 sec. Third heat, won also shoes should be cleaned well from the dirt, and per- by Flirtilla with comparative ease-time 5 min. 54 *We have heard of some instances of successful shoot seconds. Alfred Macgowal's match, to go 400 miles in days 12 hours, stands decidedly the first of its kind on record; $888 were staked. He started, on Monday morning, September 13, to go from Shoreditch to the 200 mile-stone on the road to Carlisle, and ing by gentlemen in Prince George's county, whereof THE COLIC.-A farmer, residing at a consireturn to London in 5 days and 12 hours; he per- we should be glad to learn the particulars. Will Prince derable distance from medical aid, desires us to formed half the distance in 54 hours, without fatigue. convinced that if we could prevail on gentlemen to reGeorge shoot against Anne Arundel county? We are make inquiry for "the best and most expeditious He was well at this time, and confident of winning port accounts of their field sports, it would be found "cure for the colic." "I have had a man," says he, The pedestrian refreshed at Brotherton, 21 miles on that with dog and gun, we can beat John Bull, "all hol-"very ill with it all day, but I believe my limited his way back, at 6 o'clock on Wednesday morning, low?" [ED. AM. FAR. "medical knowledge may bring him through, though PRICES CURRENT. ARTICLES. per. WHOLESALE. RETAIL. from to from to "slowly." This is a case that must be of frequent sals and Breviaries, and 158 different editions of the Bi- FRUIT TREES. WEEVIL IN OLD CORN.-The above correspon- Having ordered Fruit Trees for some of our friends, dent repeats a complaint we have before received, from such nurseries as we have seen the fruit and trees of the destruction of the old corn as well as wheat, of, and in addition to orders received, have sent for by the weevil. Every year seems to bring its draw-about 1600 Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum, Apricot and Cherbacks on the labours of the husbandman-this seems ry Trees, all assorted; and from which we think a seto be the weevil year. lection may be made to suit the wants of most people the year round. Warrenton, Va., 1st Nov. 1825. JOHN S. SKINNER, ESQ., 1. Is any power gained in working machinery 3. What angle should it form with the horizon? 4. How many revolutions should it make per minute? 5. How many horses can be advantageously thus applied? 6. Do they operate merely by their weight, or do they draw also? 7. What size mill-stone can be advantageously worked in this way? 8. Will oxen answer the purpose instead of horses? Information on these, and other points deemed material to the successful use of the improvement, will be thankfully received. Yours, JOHN SCOTT. LIVE CATTLE selling for $4.50. TOBACCO-Amount of inspections in the state warehouses, during the last week-Warehouse, No. 2, 21 hhds.-Warehouse, No. 3, 50 hhds.-Total, 71 hhds. COFFEE, W.I. Green, CANDLES, Mould, Jb. 7 32 181 10 11 34 20 22 bush 1 1 12 6 $ 15 Shad, trimmed, lb. 4 50 4 62 4 50 4 75 none 9 11 These trees may be expected to arrive here in a few STOCK AND FARMING UTENSILS-FOR The subscriber, intending to remove from his Farm, and decline the business, will sell, without reserve, at The above Cows have been for a short time kept for Fifty Bakewell Sheep, of superior qual ty, carefully selected and improved, of the best blood, either for the production of wool or weight of carcass, that our country affords. Horses and Colts-the Colts bred from the full blooded horses Hickory and Oscar. RARE LEXICONS, POLYGLOTTS, DICTIO- Twenty Hogs, all thriving Shoats, of the Russian and William A. Colman, No. 86 Broadway, New York, has just received a great variety of valuable works, in This sale will give farmers and graziers an opportualmost every language, which he offers for sale from 50 nity to supply themselves with the best selected stock per cent below, and not to exceed 124 per cent above in the country-and it may be long before another the London prices-even his new theological works in such opportunity will occur. English Among the Latin and Greek books will be found five different editions of the Scapula Lexicon, in folio; 14 different Lexicons in quarto and octavo-in Syriac, Hebrew, German, Latin, Greek, &c. Dictionaries in seven, ten, and twelve languages,-many of which are very rare, and dated 1550, 1557, 1561 and 1616; Polyglotts-he has many copies, from 10 vols. folio, (Le Jay,) down to 2 vols. folio; two copies of the Polyglott Testament, in twelve languages, very rare; Concordances, in many languages-in folio and quarto. Also, the complete works of Hieronymus, 13 vols. folio, splendid. Do. 11 vols in 4, folio, 1684. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. Hippocrates, Opera Omnia, Greek and Lat. fol. 1621. land, and Belpre, Ohio-How to prevent the attacks of Melancthon, Opera Omnia, 4 vols. fol. original edition. Also, Augustin, Martin Luther, Puffendorff, Boerhaave, Port, first quality, do. crossed,. 1 50 200 2 50 SKINNER, Editor, by JoHN D. Tox, corner of St. No. 34-VOL. 7. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, NOVEMBER 11, 1825. AGRICULTURE. THE PENNSYLVANIA AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, Held their annual meeting on the 19th, 20th, and 21st inst. at Prospect Hill, in Philadelphia county. The exhibition of live stock, the trials of ploughmen and of animals at the plough-the competition in sheep shearing-the display of fine Arabian, turf and draught horses. afforded imore variety, and cre ated greater excitement than had been on any similar occasion observed. The Committee on Neat Cattle report, that they consider the following persons entitled to premiums: John Hare Powel, for the best bull, not less than one year old, a piece of plate, worth $50 For the improved Durham short horn bull Beau. Premium relinquished. James Cox, for the next best plate, .40 Geo. W. Sargeant, for the next best plate, 20 For the ID. S. H bull Monk. John Hare Powel, for a bull calf, not more than one year old, plate, For the I. D. S. H. bull calf, Ohio. Premium relinquished. John Hare Powel, for the best cow, not more than 7 nor less than 3 years old, plate, For the I.D. S. H. cow Lady. Premium relinquished. 15 40 John Hare Powel, for the next best, plate, 25 For the I. D. S. H. cow Belina. Premi THOS. SMITH, All Improved Durham Short Horns, from Mr. Powel's stock, except Mary, half short horn, half Sussex breed: The foregoing premiums, awarded to John Hare Powel, amounting to two hundred and ninety-five dollars. have been relinquished. GEO. BLIGHT, Treasurer of Pennsylvania Agricultural Society. October 27, 1825. 31-VOL. 7. 265 The Committee for Sheep and Swine, report, that | William Wallace Cook, for the best filly, not William J. Miller, of Philadelphia county, for the For his imported Saxon ram. For the next best, Charles Kuhn, of Philadelphia county, for the . For a ram from his merino flock. Henry L. Waddell, of Bucks county, for the John Hare Powel, of Philadelphia county, for For the best pen of Dishley ewes, not less For the best ram of Southdown blood, a piece $10 For Rarity. 10 A premium having been offered for the "best thorough bred horse," which in the general acceptation of the term, in this country, is applicable only 5 to the race called turf horses, your committee are 5 | constrained to regard the strict letter of the premium bill, and thus cannot take into view the beautiful and high bred Arabians, which on this, as on 7 former occasions, have commanded admiration wherever they appeared. They are aware that 5 their predecessors have not acted upon this rule; yet they conceive, as there are thorough bred Cleveland bays, thorough bred barbs, and thorough bred horses of various denominations, there can be no 10 hesitation in the minds of the directors, as to the 10 | construction, which they have given to the society's intention forraally proclaimed in their bills. No 10 Cleveland bay having appeared, they venture to recommend that an honorary premium of a cup worth 25 dollars, be presented to John G. Watmough, for 10 Abdallah, and that a cup of the same value be presented to John Watson, for Brown Highlander, as they conceive that the symmetry, breeding, activity, and strength of these horses, more nearly approach the characteristics of the animal called Cleveland bay, than any which have been brought into their view. 7 10 20 20 10 10 10 For the best broad-tail ewe of mountain Tu- | John Finlayson, for the next best, 5 The Committee for Oxen at the Plough report, that the following named individuals contended for the premium for the best pair of working oxen, viz: B. Larzalere, of Bucks county, William Harris, 5 of Chester county, John G. Watmough, and Mor3 decai R. Moore, of Montgomery county, and Tho mas F. Ashton, of Philadelphia county; and that 5 | they consider Dr. Wm. Harris entitled to the preThe committee further submit, that although mium of "a piece of plate worth 50 dollars, for the they recommend the above animals, as entitled to best pair of working oxen, above 6 years old, repremiums, they consider Mr. Leffert's ewes and ference being had to their performance at the ram, Mr. Worth's ewes and ram, Mr. Samuel Cox's plough," one-eighth of an acre of hard old sward ewes and ram, all of Dishley blood, as fine speci- having been accurately ploughed by them, six inchmens of their breed. es deep, in 21 minutes, without a driver. The Committee on Horses report that they consider the following persons entitled to premiums: Edward Parker, for the best thorough bred horse, Col. Watmough was originally on the Committee not less than three years old, a piece of plate, for Horses. He peremptorily refused to serve, but was $50 persuaded to act, upon condition, that no opinion should be required from him in relation to horses for quick draught, in which only his interest could be concerned. A similar course was observed by Judge Jones, who by his vote upon the question, as to the "thorough bred 25 horse," excluded his own, although as high bred an | Arabian as any that can be shown. For the horse "John Stanley." oxen, to Thomas F. Ashton, of Philadelphia county-80 dollars. Six persons having entered. JOHN WILLCOX, THOS. SMITH, JONA. THOMAS, GEO. BLIGHT, Committee. JOHN WILLCOX, Committee. The Committee on Sheep Shearing consider David Tappan entitled to a premium of 5 dollars. Five persons having entered. The foregoing reports having been presented to the Directors, were unanimously accepted, and the awards were accordingly proclaimed. county. JOHN P. MILNOR, [From the New England Farmer.] Mr. Lowell's Report on Fat Cattle, Bulls, and Bull In addition to the animals which were entitled to Brighton, Mass. October 19, 1825. premiums, the Directors noticed with great satisfacTHE Committee of the Trustees of this Society, The Committee for the trial of Ploughmen with tion an hundred and ten horned cattle of various Horses beg leave to report, that they recommend breeds: some of them exhibiting by their points, festival, desirous of economizing the time of the pubappointed to make the arrangements of our annual the award of the premium for the best ploughman symmetry and early maturity, great improvement, lic, proposed some material and important changes with horses, to Samuel Beaver, of Chester county-evidently arising from the increased attention which with this view. Among the rest, they determined 80 dollars. Nine persons having entered. has been within a few years excited towards this that it was inexpedient on the first day of the Cattle important object of the husbandman's care. They Show to have any ceremonies or public address. were much attracted by Mr. Blight's, Mr. Mor- These were found to consume so much time, that it ris' and Mr. Hamilton's cattle from Philadelphia was almost impossible for the committees to perform To Mr. Wynkoop, Mr. Feaster, Mr. Worth, Mr. tice to the competitors seemed to require. No time their duty with that ease and intelligence, which jusHart, Mr. Paxson, Mr. Waddell, and Mr. Thomas, of Bucks county; Dr. Harris and Mr. Davis, of sufficient for the purpose was left for deliberation, and the preparation of the Reports. By the supChester county, Mr. Roberts and Mr. Matthew Roberts, of Montgomery county, the Society were in-enabled to make the trial of working cattle on the pression of the ceremonies and Address, they were debted for important additions to their show. Besides the Sheep for which premiums could be first day, which is a great convenience to competitors. It was hardly fair, and certainly not humane, awarded by the terms of the bill, more than two hundred were presented, many of them character- to suffer the animals which had been employed in the ploughing match, to proceed instantly to the trial ized not merely by excellence of fleece, but by fine forms and every mark of healthful and vigorous and in the various movements necessary to form an of their strength and skill in drawing heavy weights, constitutions. This remark is particularly applicable to Mr. Kuhn's merino flock, which, by careful opinion of their powers and training. selection and skilful management, have been brought The collection of such a concourse of people, and Another benefit was contemplated by the change. to attain a degree of size and symmetry in carcass, such a concurrence of fine animals, seemed to offer rarely exhibited by merino sheep in this or in any a fit occasion favourable to the seller and purchaser, other country. for a fair or auction of cattle, and of other objects MATTHEW ROBERTS, Chairman. to The Committee on Domestic Manufactures recommend the award of the following premiums the persons respectively named: For the best blankets, to Mrs. Elizabeth Worth, of Bucks county, For the second best, to Mrs. Dr. Harris, of Ches-" For the best piece of damask table linen, to For the best carpeting, not less than 30 yards, For the best hearth rug, to Miss Ann Taylor, of For the second best, to Miss Ruth Thomas, of For the best cotton shawl, to the pupils of the $10 5 5 10 5 5 4 5 10 For the best cider, not less than 30 gallons, to Although the display of Stud Horses quite equalled the expectations which the Directors had formed presented for show. Hitherto this sale being on the second day, not only obliged the owners of animals -the deficiencies in form, bone, size, and action, which are evident in most of the females, lead them and of goods intended to be sold, to remain at great to apprehend, that without increased attention to expense to await the auction, but as the collection of the selection of brood mares, no permanent improve-Persons who might be purchasers was much smaller ment can be expected in their offspring, however on the second day than on the first, much, if not the excellent the sires may be in every point and cha-reater part of the benefits proffered by this fair were lost. The animals and the goods were, (it was racteristic to be desired. Thus whilst they consider themselves much in-feared) often sacrificed, and thus one of the objects debted to the gentlemen who have gratified them contemplated was in a great degree frustrated. We hope that the change will prove beneficial, by sending mares to the ground, they conceive though it can only be tested by experiment. themselves bound to adhere to the restriction announced in the bills, and therefore have caused the In conformity with the same views of economizing time, the committee proposed that the reading of county, were not received in time to enable them Premiums for brood mares, as none appeared "wor-the Reports of the several committees should be dis. By offering a premium for thorough bred horses, list of premiums only should be read, and the whole pensed with, and they publicly announced that the it was not intended to promote the introduction of reach of Pennsylvania farmers, the kind of horse, I have always felt an invincible repugnance. It is animals for the turf, but merely to put within the proceedings should be closed by an extemporaneous address from the President. To this last suggestion which a majority of the Society consider best adap-true that on most of the preceding anniversaries of ted to improve the races employed for quick the Brighton Show, I have made some cursory and draught upon the road. I agree that unprepared remarks, but I have since thought that JOHN HARE POWEL, the practice ought to be discontinued. If any re Corres. Sec'ry Penn. Agricultural Society. marks which an individual should or could suggest Philadelphia County, Oct. 27, 1825. on such a public occasion, in which we are honourAfter having witnessed the success of their efforts, other citizens, from all parts of the state, could be ed by the attendance of farmers, manufacturers and Committee. not only in the extent of the exhibition, but in the worthy of their attention, it surely would be more The Committee on Implements of Husbandry re-interest manifested by a vast assemblage of respec-respectful as well as more useful, to devote some litport, that they recommend the award of a premium table farmers, the Society heard from Dr. Darling the previous thought, to make them so. of 5 dollars, to Samuel Kirk, of Philadelphia coun- ton, an ingenious and instructive address; and adjourned to the Red Lion, to receive Mr. Sergeant, familiar, simple, easy, natural. They should parthey should not be elaborate,-that they should be ty, for a machine for paring apples. A number of implements, adapted to the various Mr. Hopkinson, Mr. Walsh, Mr. Ingham, Mr. Brent, take of the character of oral or extemporaneous compurposes of husbandry, were exhibited, which dis-of Washington, Mr. Barnitz, of York, the members played considerable ingenuity; although no improve- of the Legislature from the city and county, and be fair subjects of criticism, except with respect to They should not be such as ought to ments appeared to the committee, to be of such other gentlemen whom they had invited, to honour the thoughts; those must and ought to be subject to character as to justify them in recommending the them with their company at dinner. strict examination. There are unquestionably some award of any premium. [We are authorized to state, that "the breeding highly gifted minds, whose first thoughts are so Neat Cattle, in number 110, far exceeding in ex-sound, and whose mode of expressing them extemcellence, any former display in Pennsylvania, com-poraneously is so happy, that no painful feelings are prised the best individuals which could be produced excited from the hesitation or confusion of the speakof "native" New England, New York, Kentucky, er. But it seems to me that the topics of agriculand various mixed races of Hamburg, Holstein, ture and manufactures do not afford scope for any Dutch, Devon, and Alderney breeds, yet not one of display of eloquence, and that any effort to bestow them took a premium."-ED. AM. FARM.] fornament upon them is much worse than lost. To WM. DARLINGTON, In addition to the implements inspected by the committee, various articles were sent by Mr. Powel, merely for exhibition. munications. speak fluently and persuasively on any subject, we almost call it a miraculous change,) than by a very modern introduction; so modern that our excellent must be excited in some degree above our natural short notice introduced into the Edinburgh Obser- ancestors had never heard of them; could not have and ordinary tone of feeling. We can be so excited ver, and copied into that excellent work, the Ame- heard of them, because they did not exist. as to great moral and religious truths. We can be rican Farmer, edited by a man of strong powers of I will not detain you on the subject of fruits, beso excited at the bar, when the lives, fortunes, and mind, John S. Skinner, Esq. cause it has, at present, but a limited interest. I reputation of our fellow men are at stake. We can "In seventy years, the people of Great Britain am, however, much amused, when I hear one of scarcely fail to be so excited, when in legislative have advanced full eight millions in number. Fifty our farmers who supply the Boston market with assemblies we are discussing the great interests of years ago the very existence of canals was matter fruit, undervalue the services of the gentlemen fara state or nation: but how is it possible to raise of incredulity, (recollect that this was so late as the mers, when it is demonstrable that to their exerour feelings to the lowest strain of eloquence, when commencement of the war with her colonies here, tions they owe many of the good fruits which they we are descanting upon the comparative merits of and that she has been engaged in 30 years of ex- possess, and while they carefully watch their pro various races of cattle, or different modes of cul- pensive warfare since that period,) sixty-six mil-gress, and avail themselves of all their improvements ture of the soil? lions of dollars have since been expended on canals, in the culture of them. This is perfectly natural; It seems to me impossible. But if it were possi- and at least half as much more are now devoted to but it is highly proper that on public occasions, we ble to others, it is not to the individual who now ad- new, unfinished projects of this description. Fifty should advert to the undoubted benefits, which dresses you; who feels, that he never possessed that years since, there was scarcely a steam engine in science and superior capital have introduced. power, that rare and almost supernatural gift, some- the country; there cannot now be less than 12,000: Is there one farmer among those, whom I have times dangerous in its exercise, of influencing the a creation of power at least equal to the labour of the honor to address, who knows that clover is one opinions of others by original thoughts, rapidly ex-250,000 horses-an energy which, in a single day, of the trophies of agricultural science? that it was pressed in glowing and kindling language. would have erected the greatest pyramid of Egypt, utterly unknown in England at the time of the emi The great object of this, and of all the other heretofore the astonishment of mankind. Fifty gration of our ancestors? I hope there are none, almost innumerable societies throughout Europe years since, the export of manufactured cotton did who are so ignorant as to believe, that the potato and America, (and their influence now extends to not amount to a million of dollars; it has now swol-was a native production, or that it cost vast and nearly 100 millions of people,) is to encourage im- len to 133 millions of dollars. In the same period, continued efforts to overcome the prejudice of the provements in agriculture, and the mechanic arts the exported manufactures of woollen goods, in farmers against it. Yet banish the potato, the reclosely connected with it, particularly domestic pro- defiance of Saxon, Prussian, Spanish, and Ameri-sult of commerce and science, and you would at ductions in private families-not that we feel indif- can competition, have advanced more than eight once deprive Massachusetts of a plant worth some ferent to the success of those extensive and splen- millions of dollars. Fifty years since, the imports millions of dollars annually; and if Ireland should did joint stock companies, which by underselling the into England of new silk, were only 250,000 lbs. in be deprived of it, a famine would instantly ensue. productions of foreign countries, open a wide field weight, they are now nearly 30 millions. Fifty Shall we allude to the cotton plant? No. Our for the encouragement of our industry, yet our years since, they exported only four millions of yards northern farmers feel not its importance, except inpeculiar province is to encourage the promotion of of linen goods; they now export forty millions. directly, in the cheapness of the excellent cloth maimproved modes of culture, to enable these old and Fifty years since, their whole exports were only 66 nufactured from it; in the general increase of wealth highly populous states to retain their excellent, well millions of dollars; they are now 222 millions." from its manufacture; in the building up of new educated population at home, rather than to force Our own history would show, perhaps, as great towns in the interior, forming new and valuable them abroad to acquire a precarious support in new and honourable a change, but it is still vastly infe- markets for their products at enhanced prices, and countries, at the sacrifice of health, and in some rior to theirs, in proportion to our comparative popu- with less labour and expense of transportation. cases of subsistence. Such are the legitimate, wise lation Our exports of domestic productions not Yet you owe the cotton plant exclusively and enand reasonable objects of all our agricultural asso- exceeding 55 millions, and theirs being 222 mil-tirely to intelligent men-book men, who were not ciations in New England. We know very well, lions-ours being to theirs only as 4, while our popu- practical farmers; a plant which yields to this counfrom the example of Great Britain, that New Eng-lation is to theirs as 11 to 16, or two-thirds. try a greater revenue than all its other productions land alone is capable of sustaining a population of It is important to us, and to all nations, to know of the sea and of the land. 16 millions instead of two. We are convinced, that from what cause this rapid increase of British in- We now come to some of the direct and undisby remaining at home, much more and greater per-dustry has been derived. No doubt from superior puted benefits derived from this particular Society. sonal comfort will be secured to the individual-capital in the first place; from the employment of Col. Humphreys introduced some merino sheep. much greater opportunities afforded for literary, the lights of science in the second-but among the His situation as minister to the court of Portugal moral and religious instruction. It is therefore our other causes, must be reckoned as not unimportant, enabled him, and he wisely and patriotically availed first duty, by all the means in our power, to render the encouragement given to individual skill and ta- himself of the opportunity to introduce a few meour section of the country a desirable place of re- lent by their grand national society of arts and rino sheep. This Society, alive to the interests of sidence to our population. Nobody has a right to manufactures. That society has sedulously watch-agriculture, granted him their gold medal. It was quarrel with us for attempting to make that popula- ed over the general interests; it has fostered every not so much to him, the value of the present, as tion happy and prosperous, and for affording them new invention; it has brought into public notice the evidence it afforded of the importance of the inducements to stay at home. When we emigrate, the retiring and modest inventor, it has recom- acquisition, thus enabling him to put a high price they sometimes laugh at us for our sharpness and mended his discovery and rewarded his skill, not on his sheep. Col. Humphreys kept his sheep, as shrewdness, the necessary result of our superior merely by its pecuniary aid, but by attracting pub- he had a right to do, for his own private emolument. modes of early education. Surely they who so com- lic attention to his merits. A few years afterwards, Mr. Livingston, our minisplain, will find no fault, if by improving our farms, by The same effect has been produced upon agriculter to France, had credit enough with the Emperor, increasing the amount of purely domestic produc- ture by similar measures. It is perfectly idle to at- to obtain some of the merino race from the impe. tions, and by availing ourselves of the advantages tribute simply to increased demand, the rapid pro rial flock of Rambouillet. He, too, as he had a which God, the author of all good, has purposely gress which that nation has made in the productions right to do, turned his importation to profit, and the given us, of our excellent mill privileges, we attempt of its soil. It is of very little importance whether price of $3000 for a single ram, excited the attento check the emigration of our citizens towards it is, or is not admitted that science has done much tion of our Society; and knowing, as we did, that other states, where their superior sagacity is deemed for agriculture, (though I believe it has effected they could be bought in Spain for $10, of the purest cunning, and their superior industry is sometimes more than is generally believed,) but the attention breed, we offered premiums of $100 each, for rams branded with the opprobrious names of avarice and to it, the exertions of those who have promoted it, and ewes. They came in great numbers, as we anoverreaching. not for profit, but from patriotic and public motives, ticipated. There was a foolish rage, in the first It is, it appears to me, time that New England have done incomparable good. It would be as ab- instance, perfectly absurd in itself, but always inshould take care of itself, instead of permitting its surd to deny that the human intellect cannot, when evitable in such cases. It ended, just like the late territory to be depopulated by emigration. It is by applied to agriculture, effect important and valua-absurd speculations in cotton, in disappointment the fair and active use of the proper means to ac-ble improvements, as it would be to contend, that it and disaster, and the merinoes fell into a disrepute complish this most desirable end, that New Eng- could not improve the other arts. Agriculture, to as irrational as had been the extravagant rise. But land, if it shall persevere in the present energy and be sure, is not as susceptible of improvements by time and good sense, and experience, those sound intensity of its exertions, will bear to the other machinery, as its sister arts; but the range of its counsellors which never deceive us, but which alportions of the United States, in fifty years, a pro- objects of cultivation may be indefinitely extended, ways settle human affairs on their true and solid portion far greater than it has hitherto borne. and improvements may be made, and have been foundation, soon raised the merinoes to their meIt is pertinent in this view for us to consider what made in the culture of these new objects. It is not rited rank; and it may now be safely expected, that have been the moral and political means, which generally known, that the cabbage, and the carrot, never did any society more wisely and judiciously have raised Great Britain to its present high state and the Swedish turnip, and the beet and the most expend its money for the benefit of any country, of productive industry. I cannot give you a better valuable varieties of the latter, the mangel wurtzel, than ours has done by granting a medal to Colonel nor a more condensed view of that state, (I might and the yellow, and sugar beet, are altogether of Humphreys in the first instance; and finding that |