positions. Manchester, in England, in 1773, con public will being the only sure authority for the son, Matthew B. Lowrie, Harmer Denny, Alleghany ty for the tained 27,246 inhabitants; in 1824, it contained undertaking, and the best pledge for its energetic county-Thomas Blair, Armstrong county-John 168,888. Liverpool in 1760, before the Bridgewa- and zealous prosecution: Therefore, Tod, James M. Russel, Bedford county-Lewis ter canal was executed, contained 25,787 inhabi- 1. Resolved, That the improvement of the Com- Reese, Nathaniel P. Hobart,* Isaac Heister, Peter tants; in 1824, it contained 135,000. London, in monwealth will be best promoted, and the founda- Eckhart, Berks county-Edward Herrick, Bradford 1801, contained 900,000 souls; in 1821, its populations of her prosperity and happiness most securely county-Samuel D. Ingham, William Carr, John tion was 1,225,963. Are we required, after these established, by opening an entire and complete W. Wynkoop, Matthias Morris, Henry Chapman, facts and the observations which precede them, to communication from the Susquehanna to the Alle-Bucks county-John Gilmore, John Bredin, Butler enter into reasoning for the purpose of proving that ghany and Ohio, and from the Alleghany to Lake county-Moses Canan, Cambria county-Thomas the lands in the neighbourhood of capitals will not Erie, by the nearest and best practicable route, and Burnside, Francis W. Rawle, Centre and Clearfield be lessened in value by increasing the facilities of that such a work is indispensably necessary to-David Townsend, Joseph Sharp, Joshua Evans, access to them? There will always be in large maintain the character and standing of the state, Joshua Hunt,* Chester county-Daniel Montgomery, cities a constant demand for the productions of the and to preserve her strength and resources. Christian Brobst, John M'Reynolds, Columbia counneighbouring country, many of which cannot be 2. Resolved, That the application of the resources ty--John B. Wallace, Arthur Cullum, Crawford supplied from a distance. The early bounties of of the state to this undertaking, ought not to be recounty-Robert McCoy,* Jacob Alter,* Henry spring, the gifts of the dairy, fruits and vegetables, garded as an expenditure, but as a most beneficial Vethake, Cumberland county-John Forster, Sihay and grass, will always be exclusively obtained investment; for its successful execution will increase las Marsh, Dauphin county-George G. Leiper, from farms within short distances from the places the public wealth, improve the public revenue, and Thomas Smith, Delaware county-Thomas H. Sill, of demand. Thus, therefore, the augmented popu- greatly enlarge the ability of the state to extend Giles Sanford, Erie county-James Todd, Samuel lation of the towns, will still secure and preserve to her aid to every quarter where it may be wanted, Evans, Thomas Irwin, John Kennedy, Fayette the neighbouring farmer the benefits he now enjoys and at the same time will encourage industry, cre-county-Robert Smith, Thomas H. Crawford,* from being in their vicinity, and will make him an ate circulation, extend trade and commerce, en- George Chambers,* Franklin_county-William S equal participator in the rich results of the execu-hance the value of land and of agricultural and Harvey, Robert Whitehill, Greene county-John tion of the great state work we seek to have accom- mineral products, and thereby augment the means Scott, John Blair, Huntingdon county-Nathaniel plished. of the citizen to promote his own and the public H. Loring, Joseph Barnett, Lebanon county--HenWe regret the length of this address-and yet welfare, by contributions to similar works. ry King, Stephen Balliet, Jonas Rodrock,* Lehigh are obliged to omit many strong facts and cogent 3. Resolved, That all local objects tending to a county-Jacob Cist, Nathan Beach, Luzerne county arguments in favour of an important measure, the diffusive and unconnected application of the pub--Robert McClure, Andrew D. Hepburn, Lycoming success or failure of which cannot but produce lic means, ought, for the present, to yield, so as to county-Thomas S. Cunningham, Mercer countymost important consequences on the welfare and allow an undivided exertion of the public strength David Crawford, Mifflin county-Levi Pawling, Phiprosperity of our state, and greatly decide its future in this great undertaking, which is essential to its lip S. Markley, Thomas Baird, Jacob Dewees, relative standing among its sisters, and in the world speedy and successful prosecution. For though it Montgomery county-James M. Porter,* Wm. Broadat large. We now submit the whole subject to the be certain, that whatever may be its location, the head, Northampton county-Lewis Dewart, Wilgood sense and public spirit of Pennsylvania, fully benefit will be most sensibly felt, in the first in- liam Tweed, Northumberland county-Abraham satisfied that if that sense and spirit be called into stance, in the immediate neighbourhood; yet it is Addams-John Sergeant, Manuel Eyre, Charles J. activity, in any degree proportioned to the magni- also true, that its invigorating influence will per- Ingersoll, William Lehman, Mathew Carey, Wm. tude of the object in view, they cannot fail to pro- vade every part of the commonwealth, and, in a J. Duane, Philadelphia city--Jacob Holgate, James duce a most felicitous result, and lead to scenes of short time, its branches will spread in all directions, A. Mahany, Joel B. Sutherland, George W. Riter, prosperity and happiness, never exceeded in the an- wherever the bounty of Providence has furnished Samuel Breck, James Ronaldson, Samuel Humnals of nations. the means of access to the great channel thus im- phreys, Philadelphia county-Jonathan Colegrove, proved; and, encouraged by this example, new chan-Potter and M Kean--Thomas S. Ridgeway, Schuyl nels will be successively opened, as occasion may kill-John Gebhart, Abraham Morrison, Somerset offer, or the public exigencies and the demands of county-Jabez Hyde, Junr., Susquehanna countythe country may require. Uriah Spencer, Tioga county-James Merril, Geo. August 22, 1825. 5th and 6th, 1825. MATHEW CAREY, of Fayette county. S. D. INGHAM, of Bucks county. JACOB HOLGATE, of Philadelphia county. JOSEPH PATTERSON, PHILIP S. MARKLEY, of Erie county. JOHN FORSTER, of Dauphin county. THOMAS H BAIRD, of Washington county. Committee. * 4. Resolved, That in our opinion, the people of Kremer, Union county--Alexander McCalmont, VePennsylvania will fully sustain the legislature in all nango-Archibald S. Tarner, Warren county-Josuch measures as may be necessary for effectuating seph Lawrence, Joseph Ritner, Alexander Reed, this highly important and interesting object; as we Thomas H. Baird, Thomas M'Giffin, Washington believe them to be fully sensible of its political and county-John Young, James Clarke, Andrew Boggs, social value, and they have never refused to sup- Westmoreland county-Charles A. Barnitz, Wm. port, to the utmost of their ability, what their en- Diven, Philip Smyser,* York county-107. lightened and patriotic judgment approved as fit to be done for the common good. 5. Resolved, That this convention regards with satisfaction, the efforts which have heretofore been made and are still making, under the authority of this commonwealth, to improve the navigation of the river Susquehanna, and of the other great rivers of Pennsylvania. 6. Resolved, That we regard with satisfaction, the efforts of our sister states, to make extended NAYS.-James Buchanan, George B. Porter,* Jacob Peelor, Hugh McCullough, Robert W. Houston,* M. R. Buttz,* Lancaster county-6. EDUCATION. ""Tis education forms the common mind, "Just as the twig is bent the tree's inclin'd." Amongst other pleasing circumstances incident The following are the resolutions agreed to by the improvements, and that, in our opinion, a wise and to a visit in June last, to the Military Academy at The following are the votes on the sixth resolution. *Those gentlemen whose names are marked with an able is the office of instructor of youth, when filled by The means of instruction embrace at present the acquisition can be of more constant value, than a such scholars. Gentlemen of extensive travel and ob- ancient languages, the four most important of the knowledge of the English, and the art of using it servation, who have carefully noted within their walls modern, French, Spanish, Italian, and German; our well in public speaking and in writing. all the excellencies and the defects of the best insti- own language, and its literature, elocution, &c. the The department of mathematics, geography, and tutions of Europe; who have studied the philosophy mathematics, history and geography. The natural the natural sciences, belongs particularly to Mr. of the art of education; and who undertake the du- sciences are also taught to those who are ambitious Cogswell, who, in this branch of instruction, is asties of the tutor-not to be driven as a trade for profit, of some acquaintance with them. A writing and a sisted by a young man of distinguished merit. All but with an honourable sense of their responsibility, dancing master are also in attendance. will, if their powers admit of it, be instructed in and for the credit and the happiness of illustrat- The four most important modern languages are arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. ing such principles of education as tend most effec- taught by gentlemen familiar with the duty of in- The practical part of mathematics and the higher tually to raise the genius and to mend the heart," of struction, educated in literary habits, and respec- branches, will be taught to those who have a partithe growing generation. Having a personal interest tively natives of Spain, France, Italy and Germany. cular interest in them. The natural sciences, espein the subject independently of its general import The gentleman, who we understood was, in October, cially mineralogy and botany, will be taught to voance, we took some pains to learn the character and to take charge of the Spanish, was educated at the luntary classes. to ascertain the objects and course of instruction, Spanish university of San Jago, and was led to this Boys under the age of twelve, are admitted into which brought us to the conclusion, that of all semi-country by his unwillingness to submit to oppression. the school of Northampton without any discussion. naries in any country, for our own children, we should Should any disappointment take place with respect If a parent desires to place a son there, who is past prefer the institution, which has been established at to this important branch, Mr. A. H. Everett, our that age, proof is required, that he will be studious Northampton, Massachusetts, by the above named present minister to Spain, has promised to use all and docile; and he is admitted only, on the distinct gentlemen, for the liberal education of boys, where- means in his power to secure to the institution of understanding, that if he should fail in complying of the following sketch may be taken as an out- Northampton, the assistance of an efficient and in- with the rules of the institution, his parents may be line. It has now been in successful operation for telligent teacher from Spain. The language and called upon to remove him. It is believed, however, nearly two years. During that period they have literature of France are taught by Mr. N M. Hentz. that it will very seldom, almost never, be necessary had the satisfaction of receiving proofs of the confi- His father, a member of the National Convention, to resort to this extreme measure; and if it were to dence of their early friends, and new ones have most came to this country a few years since, for safety, occur frequently, it might rightly be urged as an obunexpectedly risen up to them in the most distant and his son, though he was just completing his jection to the discipline of the school. parts of the Union. Their object is, to educate the course at the university of Paris, did not hesitate to If it be asked in what relation this school is to stand young; they make themselves responsible not mere-follow his father's fortunes. He may be considered towards other seminaries of learning, it is hoped that ly for providing efficient means of instruction, but as permanently connected with the school of North- it will be able to take a place independent of any, aiso, to the best of their ability, for the happiness, ampton. For the Italian there is Mr. D. Gherar- and to co-operate with all in promoting the cause of morals, and health of their pupils. In giving instruc-di, of Arezzo, educated at Pisa, in Tuscany. He useful knowledge and good morals. It is open to tion they endeavour to enlarge and liberalize the assists also in the department of Latin literature, for all who wish for a liberal education, whatever their mind, and at the same time to form those habits of which he is particularly qualified by his Italian edu- future intentions and prospects may be; and while mental activity, and to convey that kind of know cation. it receives boys in the earliest stages of knowledge, ledge, which may change talents into powers, im- The department of Greek and Latin literature, it is ready to continue its care of them to the time prove and discipline the mind for the great purposes is principally entrusted to two German scholars, of when they must enter on the business of life, their of life, and prepare for a career of honour and utility. established reputation in their own country. Mr. particular professions, or pursuits. Liberal treatment is considered by them as essen Cogswell and Mr. Bancroft did not hesitate to as- The terms are three hundred dollars, annually, tial to a liberal education. Hence they attempt to sume the responsibility of inviting these men of payable quarterly in advance. This includes all exunite the careful superintendence and generous treat- letters to join them, believing it the surest way penses of living and instruction. The boys find ment, which belong to a private family, with the of providing satisfactorily for instruction in ancient their own clothes and books. On going to the school, abundant means of intellectual culture, which may literature. While they leave it to the parents of each takes or procures his own mattress, and the be brought together in a public seminary. Disci- their pupils to decide how much time may be given necessary bed-clothes. pline is the constant instilling of good principles into to Latin, and whether Greek shall be learned at all, During the whole time that the establishment has the forming mind, and by precautionary discipline, they engage that boys in the Northampton establish existed, there has, it is said, been no alarming case the endeavour is made to prevent faults, that so there ment, can be carried in both these languages to any of sickness, and hardly a case of indisposition. Yet may be little need of punishment or severity. The extent which may be desired. Dr. Beck was edu- to quiet all apprehensions, a person of much experelation which exists between the pupil and his in-cated at the universities of Berlin and Heidelberg, rience, who has for many years been the chief nurse structor, is that of the weak to the strong, of the under Wolf, Boeckh, Creuzer, Schlosser, and the in the hospital of Boston, and who showed the best dependent to his protector; and so the discipline other great masters of history and philology. Pre- testimonials from the physicians of that city, has readopted, though strict, is mild and affectionate, and, vious to his embarking for America in 1824, he was cently been attached to the establishment.' whether encouragement or censure is needed, of a la professor at Basil, in German Switzerland. Dr. The gentlemen, who conduct this institution, have parental nature. Bode acquired his knowledge and his early reputa not rashly engaged in so responsible an undertaking. The place selected for this establishment is one, tion at Gottingen. His book, entitled "Orpheus, More than ten years have elapsed, since Mr. Cogswhere the scenery is of great natural beauty. It is poetarum Græcorum antiquissimus," won the high- well first entered on the duties of an instructor in also remarkable for its salubrity, and within the liest prize in that celebrated seat of learning. It was the university at Cambridge. Since that time, he mits of the lands appropriated to the purposes of through the polite friendship of Heeren, the eminent has been repeatedly in Europe, has resided at the the establishment, the means of various amusement historian, that Dr. Bode was engaged for the school principal universities of Germany, of which he obare abundant. Its members are consequently saved at Northampton. He arrived in this country in the tained the academic honours, and visited the most from all dangerous external influence, while there is month of June last, and has already entered upon considerable places of education in England, Scotvariety and action enough at home, to promote his official duties. These gentlemen likewise instruct land, and on the continent. Mr. Bancroft, immedicheerfulness and develop character. Pocket mo- in their native language, the German. ately after taking his degree in a regular manner at ney, as it is usually called, is entirely unknown in There is one other language, in which it is deem- Cambridge, in 1817, was by the parental liberality the institution; every reasonable want is provided ed important to give careful instruction; it is the and influence of President Kirkland, the venerable for; some favour is also shown to boyish desires; but English. A pure pronunciation, a graceful delivery, head of that university, enabled to resort to the foit is considered that money given for the sole pur- a correct style of reading, have been thought so de- reign schools. He pursued his studies in Germany pose of being wasted, can lead to no good habits, sirable, that a gentleman has been attached to the for nearly three years, and after an examination and and is in every way dangerous. institution, whose sole duty it is to instruct in the public trial, was admitted to the highest degrees in Great watchfulness is observed for the preserva- various branches of elocution, in reading, modulat- the philosophical faculty. During his stay in Gertion of health, not less than of morals. The diet of ing the voice, gesture, and just delivery. There is many, he visited the universities of Gottingen, Berthe boys is simple, but of the best kind that can be reason to hope that, these endeavours to raise the lin, Leipzig, Halle, Heidelberg, and others, and procured. They sleep on mattresses, both in winter standard in a subject of such general utility, and in spent much time at the most respectable gymnasia and summer; and great care is taken to give to all our country of such public importance, will be at- in Hanover, Saxony and Prussia, that he might beboth rest and exercise, sufficient for strengthening tended with success. Whatever relates to instruc- come familiar with their methods of governing and the body during the season of its growth. A system tion in composition and the history of English and instructing the young. He also had an opportunity of gymnastics has also been devised, by means of American literature, is attended to by Mr. Bancroft. of travelling in France, Switzerland and Italy. which it is expected, that healthy exercises of the An attempt will be made to raise this branch of stu- The highest commendation which these gentlemen body and games may serve as the relaxation of the dy and intellectual exertion to a good degree of prac-desire is, that of serving their country to the best of mind, and so some occupation be found for every tical utility, by following, in some measure, the me- their ability; and they would esteem it the most part of the day, without injury or fatigue. thods used in the schools of the ancients, since no pleasing success, if, while they advance those who are entrusted to their care, in useful knowledge and good principles, they may also be able to do some thing towards elevating the standard of liberal education in their country. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. COWSLIP-PRIMULA VERIS. PRIMULACEÆ.—PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. count Shakspeare selects the latter for the courtiers and posterity will rejoice that he lived to bless this of the Fairy Queen, in allusion to the tall military nation with the efforts of his great and enlightened courtiers called Queen Elizabeth's pensioners: "The cowslips tall her pensioners be In their gold coats spots we see; In those freckles live their savours; I must go seek some dew-drops here, mind; and, while beneficence shall remain and charity be regarded as a virtue amongst men, the name of the last will never be uttered but with reverence. Mr. Van Rensselaer is, perhaps, nearly the most wealthy individual in the United States, and his means to do good are not more ample than his heart to do it. He is a common benefactor and The single cowslip is rarely admitted into gar-peace-maker of the neighbourhood in which he redens, but the double flowers are common: they sides; and yet a plain man, who does not seem to The Cowslip, i. c. cow's lip, is of the same genus as have a good effect by the side of the dark polyan-feel that he is more than the humblest of his fellow the primrose. thus, or shaded by a bunch of glowing wall-flowers. beings, if they conduct themselves soberly, honestTHE common cowslip, or paigle, is common in The roots may be purchased almost for nothing. ly, justly-doing unto others as they would that Europe, both in moist sand and upland pastures, They who desire to have the single flowers may others should do unto them. and on the borders of fields. In a clayey or loamy transplant the wild roots, which should be done soil it thrives best, and prefers an open situation. about Michaelmas, and they will have time to gain It flowers in April and May. Though respected strength for flowering in the spring. But it must both for its beauty and utility, the cowslip, in pas- be observed, that although these plants, in their tures where it is very common, becomes an injurious wild state, are entrusted to nature's care, and though result of an experiment to ascertain the weight and An English farmer has given the following as the weed. The leaves are eaten in salads, and recom- we must confess that she deserves this confidence, number of a Winchester bushel of each of the unmended for feeding silk-worms before the mulberry we must no longer depend entirely upon her care derraentioned sorts of grainleaves make their appearance. The flowers are of them, after we have removed them from her very fragrant; and a pleasant and wholesome wine is made from them, approaching in flavour to the muscadel wines of the South of France. It is said to be an inducer of sleep. own great garden. Cowslips love a moist soil; and when we plant them in a pot, the small portion of earth which it contains will naturally dry much faster than in the "For want of rest, open ground: therefore, as we do not remove the Lettuce and cowslip-wine: probatum est.”—POPE. brooks and springs with them, we must supply this These flowers have a rough and somewhat bitter deficiency by giving water to the potted plants in taste; which, with their agreeable odour and yellow dry weather; in return for which, if we will find colour, they impart both to water and spirit. A artists to manufacture it, they will furnish us with pleasant syrup is made from them; and a strong in- honey in abundance: forfusion, drank as tea, is considered antispasmodic. The colour, as is well known, is usually a bright yellow, dashed with deep orange, sometimes approaching to crimson. Thus Iachimo describes Imogen as having -"on her left breast A mole cinque-spotted, like the crimson drops was mild. -"rich in vegetable gold From calyx pale the freckled cowslip born, A FAT PIGEON. NUMBER OF GRAINS OF CORN IN A BUSHEL. Wheat,, Wheat in lbs. No, in grains. 62 550,000 Barley, Poplar peas, SPORTING OLIO. A lady who had been a long while under the care WASHINGTON JOCKEY CLUB RACES. of a London physician, was advised by him to visit Friday, October 21. Bath, and her attentive friend furnished her with a But there is a variety with red flowers. They will letter of introduction to a no less able practitioner somely won by Mr. Brightwell's Rattler colt FairThe race yesterday, two mile heats, was handsometimes flower again in November and December. at that place. The lady, with true feminine curiosi- fax, beating Mr. Sewall's Lady Hal, Mr. Van SwearMr. Martyn speaks of some in his own gardens ty, stimulated not a little by a natural wish to know ingen's Hickory, and Mr. Smith's Gentle Kate. The which always blew at that season when the winter his real opinion of her case, so far violated the laws first heat was run in 3 minutes 46 seconds, being of honour as to break the seal-when she found, to the fleetest running that ever took place on this The light stalk of the cowslip, gently bending her utter dismay, the letter, of which she was the turf. with its weight of flowers, is elegantly described bearer, to be as follows: by Milton, who takes advantage of this drooping Before starting, Lady Hal was the general fa"My dear friend, I send you a fine fat pigeon, vourite, and bets were made of two to one on her appearance to select it, with some others, to adorn whom I have well plucked, and who will bear more against the field. Great disappointment, therefore, the tomb of Lycidas: plucking. Pray make the most of her. Yours, was experienced, when the colt Fairfax took the first heat by two or three lengths, and the second From this letter, laconic as it was, the lady de- by almost a full distance over all his competitors. rived more benefit than from all the prescriptions of Besides showing excellence in the winning colt, her physician; for instead of going to be plucked, friend of the turf suggests that it reflects great she staid quietly at home, abandoned doctors and credit on his trainer, our townsman, Mr. Brightmedicine, and with the letter, sent a ready-plucked well, who, we understand, took the colt off a grass pigeon to the physician at Bath. field, in poor condition, four or five weeks ago, and since then has broke, fattened, and trained him. Second Day. "Bring the rathe-primrose that forsaken dies, The musk-rose, and the well-attired woodbine, "By the rushy fringed bank, Where grow the willow and the osier dank, Thick set with agate and the azure sheen Of turkis blue, and emerald green, That in the channel strays; Whilst from off the waters fleet The races to-day were very interesting, from the apparent uncertainty, during nearly the whole of both heats, of the final result. Of the three horses The longest article allotted for this number of that started, each occasionally took the lead, and the Register, is the address of De Witt Clinton, on alternately excited the hopes and fears of the betthe installation of Stephen Van Rensselaer, as grand ters, and the interest of all. The victory was handmaster of free-masons in the state of New York, somely contested and not won without a severe tug. which will be gladly received by the members of The following are the particulars of the heats. this ancient and numerous fraternity, and be read Col. Sewall's brown mare, Trip-it, lip: it is considered as a link between that and the with pleasure by the uninitiated. The ceremony, Mr. Van Swearingen's bay horse, Hickory, 2 3 primrose. It has been called the great primrose: certainly, acquired uncommon interest from the Mr. Sleeper's grey horse, Driver, but though the oxlip flower spreads wider, the fact, that Clinton installed Van Rensselaer. The The second heat was handsomely contested becowslip has the advantage in height. On this ac- fame of the first is as imperishable as his works, tween Hickory and Driver, the latter succeeding in I am here. The oxlip is by no means so common as the cows 1 1 3 2 gaining the track in the last quarter of the heat, and Trip-it then running up with Driver, and beating the heat by one half a length only. [Nat. Intel. TECHNICAL TERMS. A brace of black game. A brace of grouse. A brood or pack of grouse. A brace of partridges. A brace and a half of A bevey of quails. A brace of pheasants. PRICES CURRENT. ARTICLES. WHOLESALE. RETAIL. per from to from to 7 10 11 legislature by the instrumentality of a convention of A couple of woodcocks. A flight of woodcocks. A wisp of snipe. To spring a snipe. A team of wild ducks. A gaggle or flock of geese A trip of dottrell. A couple of pointers or setters. A leash of pointers or set- A couple of spaniels. A couple and a half A brace of hares. of do. Common, An advance of 1 cent Wheat, Family Flour, do. Red, 18 19 20 12 15 13 12 13 14 16 10 11 7 10 33 35 37 bbl. 2 15 3 00 3 25 6 COTTON PLANTING.-The great value and CHEESE,. extended culture of this article, renders every thing FEATHERS, Live, interesting that concerns it. In No. xxviii. p. 220, of FISH, Herrings, Sus. this vol. we published a communication from Mr. F. Shad, trimmed, H. Smith, stating his having invented a machine to FLAXSEED, Rough,. FLOUR, Superfine, city, bbl. save effectually the tedious labour of planting by Fine, hand-which he supposed to be the general mode on Susquehanna, superfi. the large plantations of the south. It was expected FLAX, that ere now we should have learned from some GUNPOWDER, Balti.. friend in that quarter, whether any such machine for GRAIN, Indian Corn, labour saving, was already in use, but we have had no intimation on the subject. An opportunity has been embraced to see Mr. Smith's cotton planter tried, and as far as we are capable of judging, it fully answers the demand. The difficulty has been found to consist in separating the seed of the cotton, which are very adhesive. This difficulty has been comA pair-A couple-A brace.—A pair is two united pletely overcome by Mr. Smith, but we have not by nature, (par;) a couple by an occasional chain, time or means at present, for a more minute des(copula); and a brace, by a noose or tie. A pair of cription of the implement. The ingenious inventor swans. A couple of hounds. A brace of partridges is a gentleman of great respectability, the same who -a pair is male and female; a couple, two accident- invented the scientific arrangement and use of mual companions; a brace, tied together by the sports- sical glasses, called the Grand Harmonicon, which man. He keeps a pair of pheasants in the hen roost. has yielded such exquisite gratification to all who We saw a couple of pheasants feeding on the bank. have heard it. He is, moreover, the grandson of the You shot a brace of partridges. celebrated Francis Hopkinson, of the revolution; whose musical taste and genius he seems to have inherited. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT OF MARYLAND. We are glad to see that a meeting of the citizens of Frederick county was called, for Wed- warehouses, during the last week-Warehouse, No. TOBACCO-Amount of inspections in the state nesday evening last, to consider of the best 2, 92 hhds.-Warehouse, No. 3, 112 hhds.-Total, means of promoting the Internal Improvement of 204 hhds. the State. This example, if there be any enlightened publick spirit in the state, will be contagious, For sale, a full bred Devon bull calf, nearly three and be followed by similar meetings in every coun ty, to result finally in a general State convention. months old and of great promise, his mother was imWe have had enough of talking! The wagoner ported from England, and is an uncommonly fine milker, has called long enough upon Hercules-it is time also will be sold to accompany him (if desired) a full he had put his shoulder to the wheel! Since we form and from a superior cow. They are warranted of bred Devon Heifer calf, nearly five months old, of good have not had spirit to lead the way, let us not be too genuine blood and the lowest price for both is $250 or blind to see, or too proud to follow, when others $100 for the bull only. open it to our view. Also a three fourths Devon heifer calf, four months In a few days we shall see what has been done in old, and from one of the finest cows in the state, price $50. Frederick county-whose citizens have so much at Álso a three fourths Devon heifer of great beauty, is stake in the best developement of our internal re-heavy in calf by the imported full bred Devon Bull, sources; and let each county stand ready to co- Garrick, and will be sold for $75 with her calf. operate in such measures as may be recommended Balt., 27th Oct., 1825. for the general welfare! It is not known what meaCONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. sures may be recommended by a convention, but Sir John Sinclair on Irrigation-Lower Virginia, fanone can dispute the utility of assembling at some vorable change in its agricultural condition, products and central point, the intelligence and the best views of prospects-Spontaneous Combustion in Hay-Inquiry rethe state. "Give us but light." Ours may be de- specting Sainfoin-Pennsylvania Agricultural Society's nominated a popularity-loving legislature. Few Exhibition-Worcester Cattle Show-Sea-island Cotton members look beyond the geographical bounds and Crop-Middlesex Agricultural Exhibition-Bridgewater the present interests of their own county, and at the Cattle Show-Address to the citizens of Pennsylvania first and last view of every question, the member on Internal Improvement, concluded-Education, Semiturns his head over his shoulder to see at home how Flowers, Cowslip-A Fat Pigeon-Masonic Installation of nary at Northampton, Massachusetts-On the Culture of many votes are to be won or lost by the step he is Stephen Van Rensselaer-Number of Grains of Corn in invited to take. If, then, the people wish to have a Bushel-Washington Jockey Club Races-Sporting any thing done, let them make their impress on the Technical Terms-Editorial-Prices Current. HENRY THOMPSON. 53 55 1 05 1 15 5 60 No. 33-VOL. 7. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, NOVEMBER 4, 1825. AGRICULTURE. 257 on the off side, that the team may rather incline to 'n the "middle and southern states," where the flies the driver than from him. are very annoying to them during the summer seaIf one should be larger than the other, he will son. Neither is he capable, when thus geared, of THE PRIZE ESSAY ON THE OX be likely to be stronger and more free; and should exerting his full strength so effectually. For it is [The Premium Plate offered by the venerable they be put to the plough, the furrow ox being the observed, when in a state of nature, and all bis enCharles Carroll, of Carrollton, for the best essay larger, the yoke will be kept nearer level than in ergies are called into action, by an effort to defend on the use of Oxen, and their value in comparison the other case. It requires but little observation to himself from assailants, the head and neck are with horses, for agricultural purposes in the middle see they are turned to the right easier than to the placed very nearly in the same line of declension and southern States, was awarded to the author of left; therefore, if the master ox be on the off side, that we find them when drawing his heaviest burthe following Essay:] he will assist in controlling the near one in "com-thens under the yoke; which latter mode, for the ing round;" but when reversed, and the master ox reasons above stated, is greatly to be preferred.* To the Maryland Agricultural Society. on the near side, and he not altogether willing to In gearing oxen in this, as well as every other HAVING had considerable experience in the use of "come here," the team is sometimes stationary: mode, great care in fitting the harness to them prothe ox for conducting my farming operations, I am for let the then off ox be ever so willing to obey the perly, is their due. Notwithstanding the yoke is induced to offer for your consideration the follow-voice of the driver, the horn of the near one speaks the most simple method by which this animal can ing essay relative to this most docile, sagacious and in a contrary language equally intelligible. After be geared. yet a shameful abuse of him in this parvaluable animal; under a full conviction, that were the yoke is put on securely, their tails should be ticular has been too often manifested. his intrinsic merits more generally known, and his well tied together, and they suffered to stand tied The proper length of a yoke for cattle of a moexcellent properties brought more into action; as before, until a strong pen is built round them not derate size, is about four feet one or two inches many of our agriculturists would find in him (what more than 16 or 18 feet in diameter, taking care from end to end. It should be made of a piece of our neighbours to the east have already done,) an that the ends of the rails do not extend inwardly. light timber, seven inches broad by five and a half actual saving, of which they have at present but The ropes should then be loosed, if possible, in thick, so as to allow a hollow or bend in the middle, little idea. I have for several years past performed such a way that they will not be sensible of it. Here sufficient to lower the ring through which the the requisite labour on a farm containing 160 acres they will in a short time learn to turn themselves tongue of the cart passes, to a line with the centre of arable land, by their means and the aid of but about without one violent exertion, or the least of the neck: this keeps the tongue nearly level one work horse. As far as my experience has fright. They should be tied up as before at night, with wheels of the usual height. That part of the gone, it is best for those who raise their own oxen, their tails untied and the yoke removed, to be re- yoke coming immediately in contact with the neck, to break them to stand, and lead by the halter, placed in the morning as before; and the day fol- should be from five to five and a half inches wide, when calves not exceeding one year old. Occa-lowing they may be led or driven in a larger space. and two and a half inches thick in the centre, sionally, they may be handled in this way, to keep By this time the cause will be gained in a manner rounding off before and behind, so that it shall be them gentle; and at the same time they may be calculated to insure a prime pair of cattle. They rather round (or oval,; than flat, by which means it taught to "gee," "haw," stop, and start when told, may now be attached to something light, and led will slide backwards and forwards without wrink and thus far, in relation to them, verifying that about for a few hours, daily and gradually increas-ling the skin, and consequently galling the animal. saying of the wise man-"train up a child in the ing the draught, and greasing their necks occasion-The holes for the bows should not be bored more way he should go, and when he is old he will not ally, to prevent galling. When put to the cart or than from six to eight inches apart from centre to depart from it." But they should by no means be harrow with others already broken, contrary to the centre, for the largest cattle, as this gives sufficient yoked, until shortly previous to the time it is in- common practice, they should be placed before, in-room for the neck, if the bow is properly shaped. tended to put them to work; as they could not be stead of behind them; by which arrangement it If they are wider, and both cattle should incline profitably employed, it would involve some expense will be found, that if frightened, the old cattle will one way, it will give one of them an advantage in to handle them sufficiently to break them effectual not let them run: but if otherwise, they, by run- the length of yoke, of perhaps two or three inches. ly-and unless this is done, they are liable to get a ning against the older ones, may frighten them The bows should be made of hickory or white oak, habit of running in the yoke, which it is extremely also. and not less than one and a half inches in diamedifficult to correct. There are several modes of gearing oxen, as we ter, perfectly round the whole length, which will The proper time of putting them to work is at are informed. In some parts of the world, they give them greater strength, and consequently durathree years old, and such as have not beer handled draw by means of a strap passing over the fore- bility. They are easily bent to the required shape as above stated, should be driven round the field by head, and attached to the yoke immediately behind by boiling them a short time, which may be effecta boy for a day or two, or until they are pretty well the horns. In some parts of our own country, they ed by placing them in a trough with water and tired; the propriety of which course is established are geared similar to a horse: but both of these throwing in a few heated stones. The following diaby the well known fact, that when put o the yoke modes are too confining to the animal, particularly gram will give some idea of the best form for a yoke: immediately on coming out of a drove, they are much easier managed than when sufered to recover from their fatigue. They should then be tied by the horns (a rope slipped over and resting on the top of the head,) to the side of house, taking care there be no place for the hors to become entangled; and suffered to stand tie in this manner till they cease to pull by the crd, which will in most cases be in a day or two. They may then be led very readily, and should be tught to turn, stop, and start, when told, in this singe capacity, with as much reason as can be urged n favour of breaking one colt to perform any of these operations singly, instead of coupling twotogether for the better way-which any man accstomed to the use of horses would unhesitatingly endemn, as being most likely to end in the destrucion of one or both of them; which has not unfrquently been the case with young steers, when tat plan has been pursued. When two young cattle are yoked together, and From A to A, 4 feet 2 inches. That part of the be ascertained by the thickness of the animal; so turned loose to run and plunge about, they are al-bows marked B B, eight inches wide in the clear that the traces will be as far apart when fastened most certain to acquire a habit of inning away; C C, 4 inches in the clear. D, the ring, 6 inches to a small hook on the under side of each end, as and even should this not be the case, one, and in the clear. B D and B, should form a straight is required to prevent his sides from being chafed. sometimes both, lose apart of that valuable mem-line in the centres. The following will show the proper shape of the ber, the tail, in these folent exertions. When they In working an ox singly, instead of the hames single yoke. It will be observed, that by placing are sufficiently broke to the halter, they may be and collar, he should be geared with a single yoke. the hooks perpendicularly through the ends of the placed side by side for the purpose of receiving When with the former, and the draught is heavy, yoke, that the draught is applied precisely as in the yoke, having ference to their relative size, the pressure of the traces on his sides is very strength and mast ship: because if one is stronger great, which is entirely obviated by the plan proand more free the the other, he should be placed posed. The proper length for a single yoke, must treating of the single yoke. 33-L. 7. * Another reason for this preference given, when |