At what distance is it planted, and is more than one tree left in each hole? Is there more difficulty in ginning this (Sea Island,) than the other kinds? any object or noise; a fault in the horse that con-going eighty miles in the twenty-four hours, intinually causes the maiming and death of numbers cluding stoppages and detention at locks; the relays of human beings. The mule is more steady in his demanding fifteen horses for each nautical day. If draught, and less likely to waste his strength than it takes five days for a boat to be towed from Lake the horse: hence more suitable to work with oxen; Erie to the Hudson, seventy-five horses will be re- What kind of gins are used, and could a model and as he walks faster, will habituate them to a quired. I am not certain but it may be done in a of one of the most approved kinds be obtained? quicker gait. But for none of the purposes of agri- little less time, but as there must always be super- The above queries are from a gentleman in the culture does his superiority appear more conspicu- numeraries kept, we shall be within bounds to es- West Indies, and are referred by me to the founous than ploughing among crops; his feet being timate that number. In the same communication, tain of agricultural truth, the office of the Amerismaller and follow each other so much more in a the expense of each horse is estimated at fifty cents can Farmer. W. T., Jr. line, that he seldom treads down the ridges or per day, I presume for subsistence only, without re- [The Editor will gladly receive and publish the crops. The facility of instructing him to obey im- ference to interest or deterioration of capital, for answers which may be furnished by the politeness plicitly the voice of his driver or the ploughman, is the object of the estimate seems merely to show a of any of his correspondents, to the above queastonishing. The best ploughed tillage land I ever comparison between the packet-boats and freight-ries-some may have been anticipated in the last saw, I have had performed by two mules tandem, boats, on a question of profit and loss; as it is re- number by a Cotton Planter, from whom we have without lines or driver. marked, that "many contingent expenses might be received a reply to Mr. Smith's inquiry about the There is one plausible objection often urged added to both." Taking this data, it will cost thir- contrivances for, and modes of packing cotton. As against the mule, that "on deep soils and deep roads, ty-five dollars per day for the horse subsistence of a it was accompanied with a drawing, which it was his feet being so much smaller than those of the single packet-boat. The freight boats require but necessary to have engraved, it could not be got reahorse, sink farther in;" but it should be considered two, and allowing for the time occupied in taking in dy for this paper, but will appear in our next.] that he can extricate them with as much greater and discharging their cargoes, with the other nefacility. cessary detentions, average forty miles per dayFew can be ignorant of the capacity of the mule which being double the time of the packet boats, to endure labour in a temperature of heat that would although they may not require the same number of Made by Robert Sinclair, of Baltimore, on a tour be destructive to the horse, who have any know-relays, the expense cannot materially differ. From ledge of the preference for him merely on that ac- these premises we may conclude, that for every count, in the West Indies, and in the Southern boat navigating the grand Erie canal, there must be expended three hundred and fifty dollars for the sub states. AGRICULTURAL REMARKS, through part of Maryland, Pennsylvania and New York addressed to the Editor of the American Farmer. (Concluded from page 163 ) It is full time to bring our comparison to a close; sistence of the horses, each time they tow her from On my arrival in Philadelphia, I visited several which I shall do by assuming the position, that the the Lake to the Hudson and back. Now, if this botanical gardens in the vicinity of that city, the farmer, who substitutes mules for horses, will have can be done as effectually by mules for one half this owners of them are engaged in raising trees, flowers, this portion of his animal labour performed, with sum, and with an extension of capital free of inte- seeds and plants for sale, by which means the neigh the expense of one spire of grass instead of two; rest, fifteen years longer than that vested in horses, bourhood, as well as foreign countries, are supplied which may be equal, so far, to making "two spires the aggregate of this immense saving will appear and benefited. They keep a very extensive collecgrow where one grew before." For although a by ascertaining the number of boats at the present tion of rare exotic and other flowers, trees, and large sized mule will consume somewhat more than time on the canal. But this is out of my power; plants, and preserve them through the winter by half the food necessary for a horse, as has been ob- and I should, perhaps, lead the reader nearer the means of green or hot houses; also plants of the served, yet if we take into the account the saving verge of incredulity, were I to offer my own predic- most useful forest trees, collected from our own and in expense of shoeing, farriery, and insurance against tion what that number will be, thirty years hence, foreign countries, many of which are cultivated for diseases and accidents, we may safely affirm, that a the ordinary period of a mule's labour, and which the British market. In those gardens we have an clear saving of one half can be fully substantiated. will then be some years less than a single century opportunity of seeing and admiring the various and But in addition to this, the mule farmer may calcu- since the PRIME MOVER and GUARDIAN of this stu- wonderful works of nature, displayed in plants with late, with tolerable certainty, upon the continuation pendous undertaking, the present Governor of New- their endless varieties. The proprietors' names are of his capital for thirty years; whereas the horse far-York, first saw the light of heaven. David C. Landieth, M. McMayhon, William Carr, mer, at the expiration of fifteen years, must look to I cannot resist an impulse to exhibit the mule in and Alexander Parker, all of whom are worthy of a his crops, to his acres, or a Bank, for the renewal of one other point of view. For the movement of ma- visit from a travelling enquirer. I next visited the his-or, perhaps, what is worse, he must commence chinery, the employment of this animal, when judi- market gardens, south of the city, on what is called horse-jockey at an early period. çiously selected, has met with a most decided pre- the neck, from whence the city is principally suppliThe intense interest with which the public mind ference, in comparison with the horse, independent ed with cabbages, onions, potatoes and turnips, it is is at present occupied on the subject of canals now of the economy in using him. And if we consider generally divided into lots of ten acres each, on in operation and progress, encourages me to offer the rapid, and probably progressive increase of la- which is erected' an house and stable well suited for the mule as an important auxiliary in the economy bour-saving machines, in every department where a gardener's purpose, which he mostly owns, and of their management; as, I trust, it will not be de- they can be made subservient to the requirements from it he makes as comfortable a living as some nied, that on the cheapness of transportation on of society, it is evident that there will be a corres- farmers do on two hundred acres. This land is nathem, depends their utility as well as profit to the ponding demand for animal power, as well as for turally a rich stiff clay loam, capable of receiving stockholders. The mule seems so peculiarly adap- that, more potent, derived from the elements; and large quantities of manure without injuring the crops, ted for the labour on canals, that compared with although the latter may vastly predominate, yet and as those gardens are only distant from the city the horse. he may be considered almost equal to a should the horse be employed, and his increase for from one to two miles, they can obtain as much of locomotive power engine. Among the advantages we other purposes continue, as it now does, in the that article as they please. Their vegetable ground have enumerated respecting his use in husbandry, ratio of population, the number, at no very distant is laid out in long beds, and kept clear of shrubs, the most of which are applicable to canal labour, period, may become as alarming in our own, as it consequently convenient to till with the plough. that of the much greater security from diseases and is at present in our mother country. And notwith- The following is their method of raising their onion casualties, which must necessarily require a great standing we may feel secure, from the extent of our and cabbage crop, viz., the land is manured and number of supernumerary horses, to prevent inter- territory and extreme diversity of soil and climate, ploughed in the early part of winter, and left rough ruption in the line of passage, is not the least im-but, above all, from being in possession of Indian until the first dry weather, in the spring, they then portant; nor is the very trifling expense at which corn, the GOLDEN FLEECE found by our "pilgrim plough and harrow until the ground is fine, and the mule can be supported during the winter months, fathers," when they first landed on these shores; spread a thin coat of ashes over it, then strain a line as he will bear being taken off his feed till the boats yet such peculiar advantages may not insure us across the whole plat of ground, and set in small are about to be launched in the spring, and in a few against the visitations of one of the most distress- onions of the last years raising from seed, along the days can be made fit for efficient duty-while a ing calamities that a feeling community can possi-line at three inches distant, then move the line nine horse will require at least half feed if he does no- bly be subjected to. thing, or must be fed high for some time before he can resume the labour that will be demanded of him. The same advantages may be derived by his employment on railways. In a communication, published in the Utica Observer, the 16th of May, inst., by Henry Seymour, Esq., one of the canal commissioners of New York, Brighton, Mass., May 27, 1825. INQUIRIES, BY A NEW YORK CORRESPONDENT. it is stated that a packet-boat on the Erie canal, re-ed per 100 lbs. in the seed? inches and plant as before, then move the line a second time and plant as before directed, again move the line eighteen inches, and commence a second bed or plat, and so on until the crop is planted, in plats containing three rows, distant from the next plat eighteen inches, in the centre of which and between the plats of onions, about the first of sixth month, [June] they plant the cabbage crop, leaving the rows three feet apart, which are cultivated as soon as the onion crop is removed. The rich pre parations necessary for the onions, produces a great ment of fruit trees I have seen, and appeared to be cheese, and butter. These cattle are as yet scarce crop of cabbages. One of the principal gardeners carefully and well managed. On my arrival at New in this country, but a few very fine ones may be had informed me that he had as its common produce, York I visited William Prince's nursery, or rather of John Hare Powel, near Philadelphia, who has at four thousand bunches of onions per acre, and four botanic garden, but not meeting him or his partner, great expense imported some from which he is raisthousand eight hundred heads of cabbage off the I obtained but little information. I experienced con- ing calves. The Devon breed are also very valuasame ground-price in market ten cents per bunch siderable pleasure from a short visit to some of my ble, being a clean made, nimble, hardy, docile stock, for onions, and three cents per head for cabbage. correspondents and friends in Connecticut, from suited to any part of our country; but I think them 4000 bunches of onions, per acre, say whom I have for some time obtained a part of my better calculated to stand the heat and short pas64 cents $250 00 garden seeds, whom, at this season of the year, Itures of the southern states, than any cattle among 4800 heads of cabbage on the same acre, was desirous of seeing in the act of raising-with us-a few of which can be obtained at Baltimore. say 100 00 their care and correctness I was perfectly satisfied. While at Auburn I visited Ira Hopkins, who sent 300 bushels of potatoes, per acre, 50 cts. 150 00 On returning to New York, I took the steamboat me the white flint wheat, last year, and from whom Turnips, after the potatoes, 400 bushels for Albany, and from thence by stage to Schenec-and his brother Josiah, I have bought five hundred per acre, at 25 cents 100 00 tady, where I took passage in one of the canal pac- bushels this year for seed. He showed me their ket boats for Utica, in which I travelled eighty miles field of the same kind, as also many of their neigh$600 00 in twenty-four hours, a very pleasant passage, where bours. The best proof I had of its being generally I could read, write, or sleep without interruption. approved of was, in travelling from Auburn to the The labour in raising these crops must be conside- The accommodations were excellent-passage and Skaneateles lake, eight or ten miles, in counting rable; yet as most of it may be performed by wo-board three and a half dollars, for the above dis- the fields of wheat, ten out of twelve were the white men and children, the profit must be great. Every tance. These boats are seventy-six feet long and flint wheat. At Albany I called on Judge Jesse gardener has at least from one to three acres of oni- fourteen wide, as neatly furnished as our steamboats. Buel, at his estate near the city, where I found that ons, and the same of early potatoes and turnips, by There are other boats of the same size, plainly and his example and precept are doing much good to this means they get two crops per annum, off their substantially finished for carrying produce and pas- the country; his ample means affording him the opground. After lettuce, radishes, rape and early corn, sengers; the passage is one cent per mile, with the portunity of making many very valuable experithey plant, cabbage, turnips, &c. also; but nothing privilege of cooking their own provisions, which is ments, and importing articles which have been found attracted my attention more than an acre of straw-a great convenience to families who are moving west-good in other countries. Among the latter are vaberries, which the gardener showed me full ripe, the ward. The canal is three hundred and forty miles long, rious kinds of apple scions, and other choice fruits 13th of 6th month, [June] from which he said he has one hundred and fifty locks, each of which cost and plants, imported from the president of the Horhad pulled and sold the day before, 300 quarts, and ten thousand dollars, in all one and a half millions ticultural Society of London, which cannot fail givexpected to pull the same quantity per day, for some for cost of the locks only. Notwithstanding the im-ing celebrity to his extensive nursery. time; which I had no doubt of, for I thought a per- mense cost of the whole work, the receipt of tolls, Wood's cast iron plough is used throughout the son from any one station in the patch, might pull last year, was so great as to pay the interest on the most of this county, as also in Dutchess county; and half a bushel, without moving further than he could first cost of the canal, and leave a surplus of three generally between Albany and New York-also mareach. They having had the best possible cul hundred and eighty thousand dollars, which will in-ny places in Jersey and near Philadelphia. Some tivation were large, and full of rich vinous juice. crease very much when the next five miles to lake of which are made with a steel point, which by They were cultivated on rounding beds, about four Erie are finished, which will be done this fall; and changing the side or end of said point, from time to feet wide, with walks between, the plants set about as this canal has been cut through a level country time, as it gets dull, the plough will run a season one foot apart; the beds were kept quite clean of compared to any we may have to cut, to give us (to without any repairing, which I think one of the grass, and manured with long straw manure in the the south,) a communication with the western wa-most valuable improvements I have seen to the winter, which protected the plants from the severity of ters, it will be advisable for those who are or may plough. I have made arrangements to adopt the the frost, whilst it was imparting fertility to the soil, be appointed as commissioners, to ascertain the same in our manufactory. I think the cast iron and kept the vines off the ground and gut. I visited practicability of those great works by estimating the plough will go into very general use, as the objecEdward H. Bonsal, in Germantown, who is a very in- number of locks on the whole line of any canal to tion advanced to the cast shear point wearing to genious and intelligent agriculturist, and has been for be cut, as the amount of expenditures and detention a bevil on the lower side, can by this improveseveral years cultivating the currant bush, and had of transporting produce, depends very much on ment be entirely obviated. succeeded in that and making wine from the ber- their number, and consequently the utility of the ries of the same, the best of any person I have be- canal; for the mere digging of it where there are come acquainted with; his method of cultivating the no locks is comparatively trifling;-it takes from eurrant bush is as follows:-He takes the young five to six minutes for a boat to pass each lock shoots of last year's growth, cuts them ten or twelve This canal, and the salt works not long since erect inches long, and cuts out all the eyes or the end to ed at Salina and Syracuse, add very much to the a letter to the Editor of the New England Farmer, A respected correspondent at Harvard, Mass., in be planted, as far as the ground is to cover them, value of that extensive and fertile country situated has the following remarks upon the comparative and plants them in mellow rich moist ground, in a between Utica and the great western lakes. These value of the American and foreign seeds: nursery, they are better by being shaded from the salt works are about one hundred and forty miles south-west sun; here they must be kept clean the west from Albany. The water is so strongly im- upon some mangel wurtzel seed procured at your "I have made a very fair experiment this year first season, and the next fall or spring be planted pregnated with salt that it can be chrystalized to office last spring, and raised by John Prince, Esq., where they are to stand after the ground is prepared considerable profit at 64 cents per bushel, and I am of Roxbury, compared with the English, which was by deep ploughing, manuring, and harrowing, then told there is no want of water to increase the ma- from two different sources; the result was altogeset down the garden line across the ground to be nufacturing to any extent. The farms and build-ther in favour of the American seed." planted, and set in the plants along the line at two ings look well in this country, and a spirit of indusand a half feet distant, then move the line five feet, try and improvement generally prevails. I am a which will give sufficient room to cultivate them with lover of good and neat dwelling houses, but little the plough, and by removing the eyes as above di- expected to meet with so many, particularly in this rected, will effectually prevent suckers from rising new country. I expected and would have been betfrom the roots of the plants, and causes them to grow ter pleased to have seen better barns and smaller The corn crops are entirely destroyed by the a handsome tree. I tasted some of his currant wine, houses, especially when I consider the richness and drought, in the fine valley between the Susquehanwhich was a part of thirty barrels he had made; it fruitfulness of the land, requiring barn-room. I was na mountains. Many fields that a few weeks ago was superior to any I have ever tasted of the kind, sorry to see in many places but little attention paid promised forty bushels per acre, will not yield three. being entirely clear of that sweet rich taste, so com- to raising cattle and sheep, which I think ought to East of the Susquehanna, and west of the mounmon to home made wine, and partaking of that dry-be very particularly attended to at so great a dis-tains, the weather has been more favourable. ness so much admired in the best Lisbon and Ma- tance from market, on land so well suited for the deira. He being a chemist gives him an advantage purpose; and their breed of cattle evidently has reover our worthy house wives in manufacturing wines; ceived but little attention, many of which are of an his success has so far encouraged him in the making inferior quality. What a great improvement might of this article as to induce him to plant two or three soon be made by introducing into that part of the acres of grape cuttings for the purpose of making country some of the improved Durham short hornwine, and supplying the market with so delicious a ed breed, which, in my opinion, are well suited to fruit their rich pastures, being of large size, much inclin Sth month, 1st. 1825. R. SINCLAIR. MR. PRINCE'S SEEDS. [N. England Farmer. AGRICULTURAL PROSPECTS. Chambersburg, August 9, 1825. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT OF PENNSYLVANIA. Harrisburg, Aug. 8th, 1825. SENSIBLE of the deep interest you feel on the subI stopped at Burlington to see Daniel Smith's ed to fat, and are said to be remarkably fine milkers, ject of internal improvement generally, I presume a rsery, which contained the most extensive assort-'from which they might soon export tons of beef, brief sketch of the proceedings of the Canal Conven No. 22.-VOL. 7.] tion, lately held here, will be acceptable to you, as your journal, where the lovers of rural sports and FROM THE ANNALS OF SPORTING. [Can any trooper on Elkridge beat that!] Extraordinary Leap.-On Wednesday, 12th Dewell as to most of the readers of your valuable pa- exercises may record anecdotes and feats of extraper. At 10 o'clock on the 4th inst. the day fixed ordinary performances of men, dogs, horses, &c.cember, a horse belonging to Mr. Mawe, of Loughfor meeting, the members of the convention attend- We were surprised to see, at this time of day, the borough, took a hedge six feet high, which in length ed in the Hall of the House of Representatives; it sensitiveness evinced by Mr. in a late number, exceeds any leap recorded for many years, being appeared on examining the certificates that every because it had been said that he had been of a party from hind feet to hind feet, 11 yards and 24 inches, county in the state, (with one exception,) was re- in a shooting match. It seems he is fond of his (35 feet,) carrying a youth 5 stone 12 lb. (82 lb.) presented; it was found that 122 members had been dog and gun, and likes to go out occasionally with chosen, and that 118 were present. Perhaps no a friend, and shoot in cold blood, but does not like better evidence could be offered of the deep inter- to have it agitated by the excitement of a match. A favourite horse of William Henry Walrond, est felt by the citizens of Pennsylvania, than wit- This fastidiousness would, methinks, have better nessing this collection of the first talents of the state, suited the days of black-letter than the present. All Esq., of Bradfield House, died on Friday, March 1, and the unprecedented punctuality with which the I wonder at is, that this gentieman should, without at the extreme age of fifty years. members attended. As soon as the convention was ever having been engaged in a match, have acquirorganized, Mr. Sergeant, of Philadelphia, after a ed, as he certainly has, amongst gentlemen sportsvery able speech, moved for the appointment of a men, the reputation of being one of the very first committee to draft resolutions expressive of the sen- and most companionable shots in Maryland. I have timents of the convention. A committee of nine seen some accounts of extraordinary shooting exgentlemen, from every quarter of the state, was ac- tracted into your paper from English journals; but cordingly appointed; on the following day the com- this you do, probably, not because you suppose The next meeting of the Trustees of the mittee reported the resolutions, which I send you there are no cases of equally good shooting in enclosed. These resolutions passed after some slight America, but because amongst us, for want of a Maryland Agricultural Society, is appointed for amendments; also an additional one, recommending suitable medium, sporting occurrences are not re- Thursday, the 8th of September, at Brookland the improvement of our large streams to the atten- corded. I will not now write you an essay on the Wood, the summer residence of Richard Caton, tion of our next Legislature. When we take into, healthful tendency of rural sports and the invigo-Esq. view the great variety of jarring interest necessary rating effect of field exercises on mind and body THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, AUGUST 19, 1825. The last meeting of the Trustees was held at to be reconciled, it surprised every one to find so my present object is merely to ask you to record a Mr. George Cook's, on Elkridge-when James Carfeeble an opposition. The almost entire union of few instances of good shooting, which were recent- roll, jr. and H. V. Somerville, Esqrs., were apsentiment and harmony that existed throughout the ly mentioned to me; and if you can find any thing pointed, with power to call in a third, to designate whole proceedings, was highly gratifying, and is a better in your English annals of sporting, please let a committee of three in each county-to whom application may be made by those who propose to sure pledge of the happiest results arising from this us have it. I mention the gentlemen's names without asking compete for the premiums offered for the best culmeeting. The same committee that drafted the resolutions their consent, and will abide the consequence of tivated farms. It is expected that those gentlemen will promptly perform the duty assigned them, and was appointed to draft an address to the public, their displeasure at being thus "recorded." Col. Lloyd and R. West, Esq., the first of Talbot that the judges to be so appointed will be announcwhich I have no doubt will be a very interesting and valuable document. By the 5th resolution, you will and the second of Prince George's county, met at ed in a few days. perceive that the most liberal sentiments were en- Annapolis-and taking alternate birds, killed twentertained towards our sister states. This is as it ty-nine birds at thirty shots-Col. Lloyd missing At the above meeting the qualities and value of the thirtieth and last bird, when it was growing the white flint wheat had been better tested, and should be. Let us be emulous, but not envious. When we consider the unbounded sources of quite dark. were more fully discussed, than at the meeting at B. Ogle, Esq., of Prince George's, has been Waverly. The Trustees had most of them procurwealth, now quietly resting in the bowels of the mountains of Pennsylvania, for want of a cheap known to bag twenty-five birds at twenty-five suc-ed last year, of the wheat brought to this market mode of conveyance to a market, we cannot help cessive shots-and Col. F. Tilghman, of Washing from Albany, by Mr. Sinclair, a sufficient quantity to make a fair experiment; and the opinion was, expressing our regret and astonishment at the le- ton county, has bagged 32 at thirty-three shots. Master Charles Ridgely, son of Col. C. S. Ridge that it has no capacity to resist the Hessian fly thargy which has unfortunately existed on this all! more than other wheats already known, and that it important subject. I would fondly hope "the Lion ly, a youth of fourteen, killed, a few days since, 11 was not dead, he was only sleeping." Although to snipe at thirteen shots. Can John Bull beat these! does not yield so well as some. Mr. Jacob HollingsA match has been made, and will be shot after worth, and others, sowed it at the same time with some it may, at this time, appear extravagant, I feel by no means backward to make the declaration, the 15th of next month, between Col. C. S. Ridge- the blue stem and other wheats, and found them that in less than ten years after the completion of ly and George Cook, Esq., against Dr. A. Thomas the line of communication from east to west, such and Charles Dorsey-each one to have his dog and equally injured by the fly. In short, it was the desingle line of communication will be inadequate to gun, and the parties to choose their own ground.cided opinion at the Board, that it does not possess any of the peculiarly valuable characteristicks and give vent to four articles of our own production. I They will communicate the result, and moreover advantages over other wheat, which have been mean the flour, the salt, the coal and the iron of invite you and other friends of plough and plover to ascribed to it, and this opinion and declaration of Pennsylvania. Several warm advocates for rail roads partake of the game. experience we were requested to announce for the P. S. I was requested to ask you to invite sports- consideration of the farming community. in preference to canals, attended at Harrisburg.The extraordinary properties which had been You will perceive that the convention left that ques- men to communicate the result of their peaceful, tion entirely at rest, until we possess the advantage and cheerful, and healthful contests in fishing ascribed to this grain, created for it last year an exhunting, shooting, running, leaping, walking, &c. tensive demana, to satisfy which Mr. Sinclair, the of fuller investigation and experience. We had some fine specimens of speaking, but of Ploughing and hauling, and reaping and maulpurchase largely, and, as we believe, without then different kinds. Messrs Sergeant, Ingersoll, Buch- ing, are all very well in their way-so are hominy enterprising agricultural machinist, was induced to anan and Burnsides, invited the attention of a de- and bacon; but who is it that does not give an realizing any adequate profit. The wheat was relighted audience. After a session of three days, the extra smile of affection and gratitude to the wife commended not by him, but by others; and the convention adjourned sine die at a late hour on Sa- who sweetens every meal with a nice little dessert-agriculturists of this and neighbouring states felt be it never so little? With most tempers, life is at indebted to him for affording them the opportunity turday night. best but a dull pilgrimage: without varieties to of testing it. Experiments which have been made amuse us on the way it would be insupportable on other soils may have resulted differently, and we P. S. A gentleman took the pains to make the cal- and he is the happiest fellow who is most sus-shall be glad still to publish any additional observations that Mr. Sinclair has culation, and found that the distance travelled by ceptible of pleasing emotions from the greatest vathe whole delegation, exclusive of many others that riety of sources-whether they be occasionally with attended, amounted to 29,500 miles, making an ave- his dog and gun, his horse and hound, his flute and personally found it to be the favourite wheat in the state of New York, as appears by his remarks in rage distance for each, of 250 miles, in going and fiddle, or his "friend and pitcher-provided they this number. One thing is to be taken into consitake him off not too much from the main business deration, in estimating all new things with which returning. I am sir, very sincerely, yours, &c. SPORTING OLIO. GOOD SHOOTING. SIR. of life, and provided further, that they are not of may be offered. trials are made by farmers. If they buy a quantity of any new article at a high price, they naturally train-endeavour to make the most of it, by extraordinary attention and care in manuring, pulverizing and otherwise preparing well the soil to receive it; and then the more than common yield is apt to be ascribed to some valuable quality inherent in the “Love, hope, and joy, fair Pleasure's smiling "Diligence," says Poor Richard, "is the mother of good luck, and God gives all things to industry." COMMUNICATED. PRICES CURRENT. WHOLESALE. RETAIL. ARTICLES. per from to from to 10 11 do. Common, COTTON, Louisiana, &c. Georgia Upland, . CANDLES, Mould, lb. 16 18 20 1622 8 15 2 174 24 25 20 22 40 22 3 108 18 20 11 13 article itself. These small patches are, in fact, ma-presented by him through Mr. Skinner, the corres- One gentleman argued "like a book," that for land or pocket, there was now nothing like sheep; in sheep husbandry, we should find the true antidote to hard times-the real philosopher's stone, that could transmute all ores and minerals into gold, even the abandoned wastes that degrade the vicinity of this large city, might be peopled, with flocks and herds: so animated and impressive was his manner--so happily did he give to his conceptions the air and the garb of reality, that you might almost fancy that you saw a flock moving like "cloud cap" on the summit of every neighbouring] hill; in every shade a sheep shearing. BROAD-TAIL SHEEP.-There are some fine lambs "How meek! how patient! the mild creature lies! of this race of sheep, crossed with the full-blood What softness in its melancholy face, merino, in the care of Mr. Frame, at the Maryland What dumb complaining innocence appears!" tavern, on the Frederick road. They are by a Linseed. To the advocate of sheep husbandry, another broad-tailed imported Tunisian ram, of excellent PORK Baltimore Mess, do Prime,. practical farmer replied, that his notions were alto-fleece. gether English, and that they could only be verifi- We were once informed by victuallers in the PLASTER, cargo price, ed in the salt air and humid atmosphere of that, or Philadelphia market, that from the broad-tail stock RICF fresh, some other sea-girt isle; that in this country, we their market had derived its supply of the best lamb SOAP, Baltimore White, are already destined to have all sun and no turnips, and mutton. These sheep, at Mr. Frame's, were and these evils would increase with the clearing of brought across the bay at considerable expense, and WHISKEY, 1st proof, our lands; that, in short, the gentleman's flocks of may now be had for three dollars per head, to save PEACH BRANDY, 4th pr sheep could be supported on but two things-turnips them from the knife. Inquiry can be made of Mr. APPLE BRANDY, Ist pr -or paper; and as for home-made wine, and our Frame. If not sold within one week, they will be SUGARS, Havana White. c.lb. 13 00 14 00 do. knowledge, resources, and capacity for self-supply,| Louisiana, whether from grapes or gooseberries, persimmons or parsnips, it was fit for any thing but-to drink; TOBACCO.-Amount of Inspections in the three and in offering his opponent a glass of old L. P. he state warehouses for the last week, 228 hhds. moved to postpone that subject until the next meeting-when he would be ready to meet the gentle sold to the butcher man on, his own grounds. The motion was carried, for 151 revolutions, read fifteen revolutions, &c. and the meeting adjourned. ERRATUM.-In page 150, vol. 7, first column, fifth line, COMPLIMENT TO THE WRITERS FOR THE AMERICAN CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. Prize Essay, a Dissertation on the Mule, with a view of promoting an Improvement in the breed, and of demonstrating the utility of employing him as a substi[Extract of a letter from W. McClure, Esq. of tute for the Horse, in the labours of husbandry, canals, Philadelphia, a gentleman well known amongst sci- &c., by Sam'l Wyllys Pomeroy-Agricultural Remarks, entific men for his liberal attainments and munifi- made by R. Sinclair, on a tour through part of the adcent use of an ample fortune in promoting the useful joining states, concluded-Mr Prince's Seeds-Inquiarts and useful institutions. He has recently return-rics respecting the culture of Sea Island Cotton-Agricultural Prospects-Internal Improvement of Pennsyled from France, where he purchased the copper vania-Good Shooting-Extraordinary Leap-Meeting plates, and the whole edition of Michaux's North of Trustees of the Agricultural Society of Maryland, American Sylva, to be distributed amongst Ameri-ad their opinion of White Flint Wheat-Communicacan Societies, instituted for benevolent and useful ton-Compliment to the writers for the American Farpurposes. A copy of this splendid work has been mer-Broad-tail Sheep-Prices Current. Leaf, Brown, Lump, Ginger, Ground, Ground Alum, 12 14 18 7 8 9 10 WINES, Madeira, L. P. gal. 2 50 2 70 3 00 4 do. Sicily,. Lisbon, Claret, 1 10 1 25 1 12 1 20 Port, first quality, Printed every Friday, at $5 per annum, for JOHN S. No. 23-VOL. 7. EDUCATION. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, AUGUST 26, 1825. WEST POINT ACADEMY. 177 the first part of the course of drawing, and the re-buted to incapacity or want of application, his case mainder of the course of mathematics. shall be represented to the secretary of war, to the 3d. year. The second part of the course of draw-end that he may be discharged. ig-mechanics;-experimental philosophy-astro- A semi-annual examination shall be held by the [We have already gone so far in giving an ae-nmy, and the first part of the course of chemistry. academic board, commencing on the first Monday count of this, our only national school, that were 4th year. Geography, history and ethics-engi- in January. we now to stop, we should not only forfeit our pro-nering and the science of war-the remainder of After each semi-annual examination, the academise to complete the sketch, but leave the part of the course of chemistry, and mineralogy. mic board shall report to the secretary of war the it which has been already given, in a state much Should it be found by experience, that too great names of all such cadets of the 4th class as have less intelligible and useful than it may be by pre-aportion of study or instruction is assigned in the not made due proficiency in their studies, or whose senting the sequel, as we now do; that the whole may preceding course to any particular year, the acade- general conduct has not been satisfactory, and be embraced in one connected view, by all those mic board shall, if they see fit, transfer from the whom they may deem it advisable to discharge; who feel the importance of every thing connected course of one year to that of another, such particu- noting particularly the moral and military conduct, with the intellectual improvement of rising genera-lar portions of study or instruction as may appear the habits in regard to study, and the intellectual tions. As we have before intimated, we should not necessary to produce an equality; which transfer capacity of each. have attached to this subject so much consequence, if shall be reported to the secretary of war. In all cases of examination for admission to the we had regarded it merely as a military institution, The annual term allotted to the class studies will military academy, or for the regular passing from calculated to advance only the science of killing be ten months, commencing on the 1st September, one class to another, at the annual examinations, or the greatest number of our fellow beings in the and ending on the 1st July following. for appointments in the army, the academic board shortest time, with the least danger to ourselves- The order of study and instruction in the seve will, in their report of such examinations, set forth in fewer words, the science of war. If this, we re-rd branches of each department, and the time to be opposite the name of each cadet who shall have peat, had been our only object, we could not have employed on each, shall be determined by the aca- failed to pass satisfactorily his examination, the reconciled it to the leading designs of this journal.demic board; in doing which they will be guided by reason of his failure, and the particular studies in But in the admirable regulations for the govern-experience, and a just regard to the objects of the which he was found deficient, and forward the said ment of that academy, there may be found many irstitution. report, as early as practicable, to the inspector of ideas of instruction, and principles of discipline, The daily allowance of time for the class studies the military academy, for the information of the applicable, with great effect and benefit, to other wll be not less than nine, nor more than ten hours. war department, accompanied with such remarks seminaries of learning. Not hearing from any The portion of military instruction in each year and explanations as may be applicable to each quarter, any intimation that what we have occa- wll be as follows: particular case. sionally published regarding the great subject of education, was out of place and unacceptable, we felicitate ourselves with the conclusion that our 2d year. School of the company-duties of corsubscribers do not reproach us for having mis-parals. 1st year. School of the soldier-guard and police dities of privates. Merit-Rolls. The internal organization of the respective classes shall be strictly according to the principles of merit; to which end the academic board, at the examinaapplied those columns of the American Farmer 3d year. School of the battalion--duties of ser- tions in January and June, annually, shall carefully which have been appropriated to that topic. Should gents; exercise and manœuvres of artillery pieces. determine the relative merit of the cadets in each we have no reason to doubt the truth of our per- 4th year. Evolutions of the line; duties of order-class, and in each particular branch of the studies suasion, in this respect, we shall, before long, endea-ly sergeants and commissioned officers, (including of that class; and shall form a roll of the same, by vour to give a prospectus of a school, which pro- those of the battalion staff,) and of officers of the a comparison of the particular rolls thus formed, mises to be not inferior to the best of any country, day; remainder of the instruction in artillery; the and by attending to the relative weight and importin securing to its pupils the cardinal blessings of all sword exercise. ance of the several branches, the board shall deterwell conducted seminaries of learning-to wit: a Practical military instruction throughout the year. mine, at the examination in June, an order of genewell founded character for moral rectitude, and the Field exercises only will be limited between 1st ral or aggregate merit, in each class, according to inestimable advantages of intellectual power. We April and 1st November following. which the cadets of the class shall be arranged and mean the Institution which has been established at There will be an encampment of the cadets an- enrolled from first to last. the beautiful town of Northampton, in Massachu-nually, commencing on the 1st July, and ending on setts, by Mr. JOSEPH G. COGSWELL and Mr GEO. the 31st August ensuing, during which the instruction BANCROFT.] will be exclusively military. REGULATIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE MILI 'Classification. The relative importance of the studies in each particular class (excepting the 1st,) in forming the general merit-roll of that class, shall be specifically determined by the academic board, in forming the The cadets shall be arranged in four distinct anfinal merit-roll of the 1st class, however, the differnual classes, corresponding with the four years of ent subjects of the course, and the conduct of the study. The cadets employed on the first year's cadets, shall have weight, as follows:-Conduct 3; course to constitute the 4th class; those on the se- Engineering and the Science of War S; Mathematics This will embrace, 1st, a course of Infantry Incond year's course, the 3d class; those on the third 3; Natural Philosophy 3; Practical Military Instrucstruction, viz: The system of infantry tactics established for the army of the United States, com- year's course, the 2d class; and those on the fourth tion 2; Chemistry and Mineralogy 2; Geography, History, and Ethics 2; French 1; Drawing 1. mencing with the elementary drill of the soldier, year's course, the 1st class. The classes shall be considered as taking their The superintendent will annually, in the month of and including the school of the company; school of the battalion, and evolutions of the line-the exer- result of the examination held in the preceding commencement on the 1st July annually, when the November, report to the war department, for publication in the Army Register, the names of such cise and manœuvres of light infantry and riflemen; month shall be announced; and at no other time cadets as have most distinguished themselves in the the duties in camp and garrison, of privates, non-shall a cadet be advanced or transferred from one examinations, not exceeding five in each class, and commissioned officers, and officers, including those class to another, unless prevented by sickness, 'or specifying the studies in which they particularly exof guard and police. 2d. A course of Artillery Incel. struction, viz: Nomenclature of the different parts examination, in which case a special examination authorized absence, from attending at the aforesaid Besides the merit-rolls prescribed, the superinments; exercise and manoeuvres of field artillery-be passed from one class to another, without a pre-of July, a roll containing the name of each cadet of cannon, gun carriages, caissons, and their imple-shall be granted him; but in no case shall a cadet tendent of the Military Academy will cause to be made out annually, on the 1st of February and 1st exercise of siege artillery, including the mortar and vious examination by the academic board. howitzer exercises-mechanical manœuvres-target practice with the gun, howitzer, and mortar; duties Examinations. arranged alphabetically, under the proper head of each state, territory, and the District of Columbia; of the laboratory. 3d. Sword Exercise, including An annual examination of the classes, preparato- exhibiting the number from each state, territory, and the exercise of the broad sword, and the cut and ry to their advancement, will commence on the first the District of Columbia; the name and address of thrust, or small sword. Monday in June, at which time the cadets shall be the parent or guardian; the town, county, or district To complete the preceding course of studies will examined, by the academic board, in all the branch-from which appointed; date of admission; age when require four years. The branches to be pursued, es of study and instruction through which they admitted; present age, (at the date of the roll,) and and the course to be completed in each, exclusive of have passed, in presence of the board of visiters, the practical military instruction, are as follows: and such other literary and scientific gentlemen as 1st year. The French language and part of the may be invited to attend. mathematical course, viz: algebra, geometry, plane trigonometry, application of algebra to geometry, mensuration of planes and solids. 2d year. Continuation of the French language 23-VOL. 7. Any cadet found deficient at the annual examination in the studies of his class, shall not be advanced to the next higher class; and if, in the opinion of the academic board, his deficiency is to be attri-! *The academic board have determined that, in forming the general merit-rolls of the 2d, 3d, and 4th classes, the subjects of each course shall have weight as follows |