Зображення сторінки
PDF
ePub
[blocks in formation]

BARLEY-Of the most beautiful appearance, just received by the Editor from Coм. HULL, in the Pacific-about one peck; apply at the office of the American Farmer, without loss of time. Some had better be reserved for

fall sowing.

According to the terms of this paper, the subscription money is now due for the 7th volume, and WHEAT-Of large, flinty, transparent grain, from Mr. we trust that no friend of the establishment will wait SHALER, at Algiers. This belongs, in fact, to Mr. Auto be further called on. If those who have, by par- ditor PLEASANTON, of Washington, and came to the Editicular indulgence, been permitted to fall in arrears, tor by mistake-Mr. P. authorises its distribution-but do not mean to pay, we should take it as a kind-it is not known whether it be spring or fall wheat. ness that they would say so, that we may know what we have to depend on.

[blocks in formation]
[ocr errors]

Ib.

bush
cask

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

C

88

6

8

17

20

15

16

18

99

18

19

30

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

CUTTINGS-From Col. T. EMORY, of the "Scrivener's COTTON YARN, No. 8, Red" Apple, believed to have originated in Queen Ann's An advance of 1 cent county. As a winter table apple, it is only inferior to each number to No. 18. the green pippin, and for eating, cider and great pro- CANDLES, Mould, THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES of the Maryland Agri- ductiveness, it is excelled by none; besides being almost Dipt, cultural Society, had a full and very satisfactory a constant bearer. A fuller account of it will be given CHEESE, meeting at Eutaw, the residence of B. W. HALL, Esq. hereafter. Subscribers to the Farmer will please call FEATHERS, Live,. There was much discussion and interchange of sen- for the cuttings, of which there are three dozen. FISH, Herrings, Sus. new bbl. timent on the affairs of the Society and the agricul- COTTON SEED.-The Editor can supply seed of the Shad, trimmed, new, tural interests of the state; and various resolutions Common Cotton, and of the Nankin Cotton, which FLAXSEED, Rough,. Cleaned, were passed, whereof we have only room at present, grows of lasting yellow colour, to any gentleman who to mention-one instructing J. S. Skinner, the Cor- may wish to make small experiments in Maryland. FLOUR, Superfine, city, bbl. 4 62 responding Secretary, to invite, in the name of the ticed; and we repeat, that subscribers must come, or In this way, things of this sort will be hereafter noFine, Society, the attendance of the President of the send, and take away, leaving only their names and reUnited States and the Heads of the Departments sidence, with the promise of giving fair trial and notat their next Cattle Show and Exhibition of House-ing the result hold Manufactures, to be held on the first and second days of June next-One appointing James IN PRESS, and will be published in a few days, by Carroll, D. Williamson, and J. S. Skinner to prepare and circulate handbills in reference to the next Exhibition-Another, appointing James Cox, B. W. Hall and J. S. Skinner to procure the premium plate-And another, which ought perhaps to have preceded the foregoing, as the means should precede the end, in the following words, viz.

[blocks in formation]

lb.

Susquehanna, superfi.
GUNPOWDER, Balti.. 25 lb 5
GRAIN, Indian Corn,
Wheat, White, new,
do. Red, do.

Rye,
Barley,

Clover Seed,.
Ruta Baga Seed,
Oats,

bush 35

9 11

[ocr errors][ocr errors]

18 20
23 30

37

90 1 10

85

90

37

50

3

3 50

20 22

Peas, Black Eyed,
Beans, White,

90 1 12

[blocks in formation]

24 27

gal.
bbl.

2 37

lb.

51

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

On the Diseases of the Foot of the Horse,
Containing a correct description of their Nature, Caus-
es, and Methods of Prevention, with suggestions of
improved plans of treatment, founded on physiologi- HOGS' LARD,.
cal principles. Also, Rules of Shoeing, by which the LIME,
ordinary evils attending this process may be in some LEATHER, Soal, best,
Eastern Tan, .
measure prevented. Dedicated, by permission, to
General Charles Ridgely, of Hampton-by RICHARD MOLASSES, Havana,
HAYWARD BUDD, Veterinary Surgeon. Second edi-MEAL, Corn, kiln dried,
NAILS, 8a20d.
tion, revised and improved by the author.
THIS work has been submitted to several gentlemen, NAVAL STORES, Tar,
Pitch,..
who have been many years familiar with the treatment
of horses, and they are of opinion it is a valuable prac- OIL, Whale, common,
Turpentine, Soft,
tical work, which should be in the hands of every one
who may own a horse, and regard the comfort and
health of this useful animal. The work was published
in England a few years ago by the author, who now re-
sides in Baltimore. There is a review of it, of some
length, in the Sporting Magazine for April, 1816, and POTATOES,
continued in the number for May, in which the author RICE, fresh,
and the work are both noticed with great respect. The
following short extracts from the review, are selected
in order to show how Mr. Budd's labour and science
have been appreciated.

ence."

"Mr. Budd, we look upon, from the testimony of his Of those things we propose to keep a more regular book, to stand in the superior rank of Veterinary Surregister than we have hitherto done;-but we regret geons, and he seems to be in need of nothing but the very sensibly the impossibility of making the distribu- opportunities, to evince his claim to the highest distinction as widely as we could wish. We have attempted tion of merit and utility in the professional line which to do it heretofore, but experience has taught us, that it he has chosen." would be more than sufficient employment for an expert "We think this author's choice of subjects judicious, clerk to make up the packets, were we to attempt to send as confined to particular accidental and difficult diseases of parcels to one half of those to whom every considera- the horse, on which he gives the results of his own experition invites us to show such civilities, and by whom "Tracts like these, of the practical experience we know they would be properly received, and turned of the author, are far more valuable at the present to the best account. The most that we can promise, time, and ought to be in far greater request, than genetherefore, is to place such things in the office of the ral veterinary treatises, with which the British public American Farmer, where any subscriber may call, or has been long since furnished to satiety." "We conif a non-resident, can get his correspondent here to clude with strongly recommending this book, not only call and take a portion. All that is asked is, that his on the score of its practical and professional ability, name be left, together with his residence, as a means but for those traits of humanity and feeling, which are of future information, should it be desirable to make occasionally visible.” inquiries.

[blocks in formation]

SOAP, Baltimore White, lb.
do. Brown,
WHISKEY, 1st proof,
PEACH BRANDY, 4th pr
APPLE BRANDY, 1st pr
SUGARS, Havana White, c.lb. 13 00 13 50
do. Brown,
Louisiana,

Loaf,

Lump,
SPICES, Cloves,

Ginger, Ground,
Mace,.
Nutmegs,.
Pepper,.

SALT, St. Ubes,
Turk's Island,.
Ground Alum,.

SHOT, all sizes,

8 50 9

7 25 8 75

[blocks in formation]

WINES, Madeira, L. P. gal. 2 50 3 25 3 004 00

L.M.

do.
do. Sicily,.

Lisbon,
Sherry,
Claret,
Port, first quality,

do. crossed,.

1 75 2

1 10 1 15

[blocks in formation]

These must be standing regulations that we wish to be
generally understood. For the present we have to
take note of
On the culture and preparation of Cotton for market- WOOL, Merino, full bl'd lb.
WINTER GRIXON APPLES-A rare and valuable table The value of the Ox over the Horse-Improved Short
fruit, supposed to be chiefly confined to Somerset coun- Horn and Hereford Cattle, great match between them-Common, Country,
ty, Maryland; these from J. B. MORRIS, Esq. a Trustee On the sagacity and usefulness of Spanish Shepherd's
of the Maryland Agricultural Society, to whom appli- Dogs-On the culture of Grapes-Grape Seed from Ma-
cation may be made for cuttings.
deira-Horticultural Society of London-On the prac-
GRAPE SEED-Two gallons imported by JAMES Bos- ticability of obtaining water by boring-Sporting Anec-
LEY, Esq. especially for the use of American Vignerons, dotes-Notices, Editorial, &c. Advertisement.

[ocr errors]

Printed every Friday, at $4 per annum, for JOHN S.
SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Toy, corner of St.
Paul and Market streets, where every description of
Book and Job Printing is handsomely executed.

No. 2-VOL. 7.

AGRICULTURE.

STONE LIME,

AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, APRIL 1, 1825.

9

when the labour is in great part performed by the Chunk Perpetual Kiln takes from 8 to 12, an avefarm hands, who can be spared only at certain times rage of 10 bushels, to produce 60-or only six of from other work. The statement of a Pennsylvania lime for one of coal.

Farmer, (in the American Farmer, vol. 6, p. 308,) I believe I have answered all your inquiries; but On the use of, as a manure-and on the construction of who burnt 700 bushels of lime with two tons of if any other should be suggested, it will give me kilns for burning it.

TO THE EDITOR,

Baltimore county, 26th Feb. 1825.

In answer to your inquiries, respecting the construction of Lime Kilns, and the use of Lime as a manure, I communicate the following results of my own experience.

A kiln in which a thousand bushels may be burned, I think the proper size. The mason's charge for building such a one, or of any given dimensions, four dollars for every hundred bushels the kiln, on trial, will turn out. The hearth is an oval, the longer diameter 7 feet 6 inches, and the shorter 5 feet 6 inches. About two feet above the hearth, the kiln is enlarged nine inches to form the bench, which serves to support a vault, called the arch, shaped like the upper part of an oven, constructed of the larger pieces of lime stone that are to be burned, and to receive the fuel beneath, and support the stone thrown in from the top. From the bench upward, the kiln is gradually expanded, preserving the shape of the inside of an egg shell, to its greatest dimension, sixteen feet across, and fourteen feet above the bench; thence it is contracted so as to be fourteen feet diameter at the top, the whole depth being eighteen feet. An excavation large enough to contain the whole structure except the breast and wing walls, is made in the side of a hill, for the convenience of approaching the top with carts to tilt in the stone on the arch. Two men can attend the burning, which takes two nights and three days, of unremitting labour. Four perches of stone, 24 feet 9 inches solid measure, yield one hundred bushels of lime, and two cords of half-seasoned wood will burn that quantity. The drawings that accompany this communication, will assist to explain this description of a lime kiln.

My manner of spreading lime is, to mark on the ploughed ground so many squares as I intend to put bushels to the acre, and to place at every point where the lines intersect, a bushel of unslacked lime. After a few days, or after the first rain, the line slakes and pulverizes, and is then easily spread by shovels with sufficient equality. The lime is measured from the kiln into carts drawn by two horses, that contain 15 bushels each, and the drivers, with each a hoe, draw out 15 heaps, as nearly equal as they can, at the proper places. This I have found to be sufficiently accurate.

My first trial of lime for manure, was made in the year 1819, with 3,842 bushels, applied in quantities varying from 50 to 130 bushels to the acre; the land that received the greatest amount, is the most improved. One field, very much exhausted at that time, and not originally of good quality, I believe to have improved in its fertility three fold at least, on one part of it, and from another part of it I have sold two tons of timothy hay per acre, from the last mowing. In most cases I have spread lime on plough ed ground in the spring or winter, for Indian corn; its good effects have been perceptible on the corn crop, but more manifest in the improvement of the grain and grass succeeding the corn.

The use of lime for improving land is increasing very much in those parts of the county, sufficiently near lime stone to justify the expense. The price at the kilns in my neighbourhood, is 15 cents a bushel.

I have examined the relation of the Perpetual Kiln at use at Mauch Chunk, on the Lehigh, that you enclosed to me, and think our mode of burning more economical, even at the low price refuse Lehigh coal, can be purchased, where it is much used. To draw 60 bushels of lime, and replenish the kiln with coal and stone every morning, requires more constant attention than can be conveniently given, 2-VOL. 7.

Lehigh coal, in a kiln constructed as those we now great pleasure to give any information on this sub-
use, is much more encouraging, inasmuch as, reck-ject that I have, or can collect from sources worthy
oning two tons to be 58 bushels, he produced ten of credit-and am, with great respect and esteem.
bushels of lime for one of coal; whereas the Mauch
Yours,
JOHN PATTERSON.
Ground Plan of a Lime-Kiln-Scale 8 inches to 1-3d of an inch.

[graphic]

Eye

6 ft. long.

Extending from B, 9 or 10 feet.

LIME STONE.

[graphic]
[ocr errors]

Section of a Lime-Kiln, from the eye to the back-a. b. is the arch made of lime stone, to prevent the stone from falling, and to put the fuel under.

Bye for drawing

the Lime.

Perpetual Lime-Kiln, used at Mauch Chunk-on a scale one-eighth inch to the foot.

The last cut is a section of the lime-kiln which has For without industry, economy will be of no avail. subjects to admit of a description in detail, within been in use for about two years at Mauch Chunk, And without economy, the fruits of industry are the limits of a single discourse. Division and fencon the Lehigh, the interior of which is circular. soon wasted. Man being formed for action, and ing of a farm, the proper mode of tillage-draining From this kiln, 60 bushels of lime was daily drawn, duties always devolving upon him, industry and and watering of land-the rotation of crops-kitchand required 8 to 12 bushels of the fine screenings economy cannot be dispensed with, in any situation en gardening, that important, though much neglectof Lehigh coal to burn that quantity, or say one in which he can be placed. It is the want of these, ed subject-the planting and cultivating of fruit bushel of the screenings to burn six bushels of lime that prevents the success of so many in the various trees-different kinds of manures and their applistone. The kiln is first lighted up with wood, by mechanical branches, as well as in the learned pro- cation-the raising and fatting cattle-the form and filling it one third full of oak wood, on which throw fessions-and it is the primary cause, which calls construction of farming utensils-the most proper a course of lime stone, say one foot thick, (the stone in the aid of the insolvent law to close up the con- mode of building, both as it respects the form and is broken up about the size of a man's head), on cerns of so many in the mercantile world. materials-and the different kinds of domestic mawhich put about 4 bushels of the coal; then alter- The indolent person soon loses the confidence, nufactures, would furnish matter for an useful disnate with stone and coal in the above propor- and of course, the patronage of his employers, and course-but without descending to any particular tions; until the kiln is heated it will make core, poverty and disgrace are the final and inevitable discussion on any one of these subjects, suffice it to which is separated and thrown again into the kiln. result. But in no one, are the unhappy effects which say, that a knowledge of them all will be sought by The lime is drawn morning and evening. The rule result from the want of these, more apparent than the practical farmer. But permit me in compliance is to draw the lime until it begins to look red with in the cultivator of the soil. The indolent farmer with the request of several gentlemen, briefly to heat. And as soon as the drawing is made, fill it exhibits his own disgrace to every passing traveller; subjoin a statement of what I have found to be the up again from the top with alternate layers of stone and brings forcibly to the mind even of a stranger, most successful and profitable mode of cultivating and coal, say six barrow loads of lime stone and one the words of the wise man-"I went by the field of the farm which I have taken under my immediate of fine coal, spread equally over the stone; care the slothful, and by the vineyard of the man void of care, and upon which I have tried a number of exmust be taken in putting on the last or top course understanding, and lo it was all grown over with periments.

of coal, to cover it all over the top so as to prevent thorns, and nettles had covered the face thereof, The soil of this land is a brown loam, lying on a the draft of fire from breaking through in one part and the stone wall thereof was broken down." How stratum of lime and sand stone, at the depth of from more than the other. If a larger quantity of lime true is the picture which Solomcn here gives of three to six feet, projecting out of the ground occathan 60 bushels per day be wanted, there doubtless what daily falls under our own observation. How sionally on the brink of ridges. The surface was will be no difficulty arising by enlarging the kiln, to often do we see a farm susceptible of a high state of covered with round hard stone, sufficient, when put produce any required quantity, up to 200 bushels cultivation, and which might, with any thing of in- into half wall with posts and rails, to enclose it in per day. The upper part of the kiln should not dustry and economy, be a source of wealth to its lots from five to ten acres. The original timber overhang more than six inches to 10 feet in height. possessor-how often do we see it grown over with was principally beech and maple, mixed with bass Note.-As the coal for burning lime is the fine, or bushes, briars, thistles, and every hurtful weed- wood, elm, and hemlock. The whole farm was refuse coal, it can, in populous neighborhoods where the fields badly arranged, the fences out of repair, interspersed with spots low and springy. When much coal is used, be bought at a reduced price. the land half tilled, the barn doors broken from their first cleared, the dry land was productive both in It can now be had in Philadelphia at 12 1-2 cents hinges, and the windows of the house filled with grain and grass. per bushel. hats, presenting any idea but that of comfort. It was occupied as four small farms, previous to On a nearer examination, the picture is still dark- its coming into my possession, and had been so ened. Look at his stock, his out-houses, his im- often croped without seeding down to grass or beplements of husbandry;-every think is poor and ing supplied with manure, as to become in a great out of its place. Enter his dwelling-his home, that measure unproductive, not yielding the occupants sacred place, in which are to be found the only on an average more than twenty bushels of grain or fruits of EDEN which have survived the fall-Is do- one ton of hay per acre.

ON THE IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRY AND
ECONOMY, AND ON THE MANAGE-

MENT OF LAND,

With a view to net profit and permanent improve-mestic peace and happiness ever found within, Little or no attention had been paid to the arment, by Earl Stimson, Esq. of Galway, Saratoga where neglect and ruin are without? Does not rangement of the lots-the fences were in a decayed county, New York. every thing wear the same aspect-and is there not state, and the buildings much out of repair; and the [It will be sufficient to insure attention to what inscribed on every thing on which the eye can rest, whole was much covered with old logs, stumps, follows, that it is known to come from the pen, and indolence and waste? stones, hedges of briars, unprofitable bushes and to be bottomed on the experience of Earl Stimson, Reverse the picture, and what can be presented weeds. For the first four or five years after part of Esq., whose success, as a practical farmer, has been more agreeable, what can be accompanied with this land came into my possession, I pursued the already made known to the readers of this journal. more pleasing ideas. Look at the farm of the man common way of farming, and half ploughed and There may be some repetition in the facts now giv-who is diligent in his business, and prudent in his harrowed my land over the stones, and around the en, but they are facts of such value as bear to be concerns his own spirit is infused into every thing logs and bushes-summer fallowed at the loss of repeated; and moreover there are in this address around him every thing is in repair, every thing is one crop, and ploughed in what little manure I saved interesting views not before presented. We hold it in its place, every thing is in its season;-every five or six inches deep. I laid out much labour and however to be our duty to warn the reader, from thing evinces that the master's eye has seen and got small crops. personal observation of Mr. Stimson's soil and cli- directed all his concerns and that he hath rememmate, that in our so much more arid region of coun-bered and practised the adage

try, the same processes would not lead to the same profitable results. Still, by the pursuit of his plans, and the observance of his maxims, there is enough

"He that by the plough would thrive,
Himself must either hold or drive."

Tilling my land with hired hands, I found on posting my account, it was running me in debt, instead of being a source of profit. This induced me to | try some other method, and after several experiments, having for their object the economy of la

to stimulate exertion and to justify the confident ex- On a nearer examination, we find his fields well ar-bour, the procuring and application of manure, and pectation of ample reward. The extract is from an ranged and productive, his crops clean, and of the the rotation of crops-the following has proved the address delivered to the Saratoga County Agricul- best quality, and secured in season under cover, in- most successful. tural Society, in Oct. 1823.] stead of being exposed to the weather in stacks, as In the first place, I drew a plan on paper, arrangis too frequently the case, to the great loss of the ing the land into square and convenient lots, confarmer, both in the crop itself, and in the manure taining from five to ten acres, having an eye to the I TRUST that I shall be heard with indulgence, of which it might be productive-we find his cattle convenience of water for each field, and to the transwhilst I direct your attention for a few moments to well fed-in good condition-and often better shel-portation of its produce to the barn, where it was to some general remarks on industry, and economy, tered than the family of the slothful. Enter his be housed, but with no regard to the unevenness of accompanied with some observations on practical dwelling, it is the habitation of plenty-the store- the surface or the swales of springy land. This husbandry. house of the dairy and the loom-and his fire-side, land cost about twenty-eight dollars per acre. Industry and economy combined, form the true that calm and domestic one, where the farmer in the commenced fitting the lots, and continued year after philosopher's stone, which turns all into gold. bosom of his family, finds not only rest from his toil, year in succession. The management of one may be Without these essential qualifications, no one can but the richest reward of his labour. taken as a specimen of the whole.

I

be a respectable, or an useful member of society. Since we are assembled for the purpose of mu- I removed the rubbish at an expense of about $2 They are, therefore, among those principles which tually receiving and communicating instruction, and per acre. The loose stones were then removed, and should be instilled into the child from its earliest stimulating each other in that pursuit, which was with posts and rails placed into permanent fence, at infancy. They most generally exist together, and the first, and is still the most honourable employment an average expense of $6 per acre. This expense are both so indispensably necessary to success in any of man-it will be expected that something will be added to the first cost of the land, makes an averpursuit of life, that where one is wanting the other, said more particularly on the cultivation of the soil age of $96 per acre, excepting repairs of buildings, for all practical purposes, may as well be absent. Agriculture embraces in its widest sense too many when the land was fit for tillage. I then arranged

til

No. 2-VOL. 7.]

AMERICAN FARMER.

11 With this mode of husbandry, as I drew the first time, the tops were covered about an inch, ing with grass. my barnyards, a little dishing, where it was conve- potatoes were hoed at the same time with the corn-swer to take from it four crops of grain before stockTHE RAISING OF STOCK-I have as yet paid but litnient, for making and preserving manure. into them, in the fall, a quantity of turf and dirt and the hill left flat-the second time, the tops were will appear from following out the above calcula| would observe, that the stock should always be so from the knolls around my buildings and the adja- spread apart with the hoe, and about the same tions, my land has afforded me a handsome profit. cent roads, and yarded my stock upon it during the quantity of dirt applied on the hills as before. The winter. This course I pursued for a few years, un-whole of this expense, including the manure and tle attention to this part of husbandry. However, I In the fall, I gathered on an average from sixty proportioned to the size of the farm, that they may my crops so increased as to furnish me with ma-interest of the $36, did not exceed $194 per acre. nure in a sufficient quantity to give each of my lots I cannot close this address without recommenda slight coat once in five or six years. In the spring to seventy bushels of corn per acre, fit for the crib; on the one hand be kept in good condition, and on it was thrown into small piles in the yard. In the which, at that time, was worth fifty-six or sixty cents the other consume all the hay and other fodder which fall commenced ploughing, with a good and faith- per bushel; and from four hundred and fifty to five is grown on the farm. ful ploughman, who turned over the sod about three hundred bushels of potatoes, worth about sixteen inches in depth, and from eight to ten inches in cents per bushel. After the corn was harvested, ing to the members of this society more attention width. The dry part was back furrowed into lands the hills were harrowed with a two horse drag. In to the implements of husbandry, especially those of twelve paces, and the wet into lands from five to the spring, I ploughed it just deep enough to turn which diminish hand labour; particularly the horse six paces wide, leaving a deep dead furrow to an- up the old sod, which had become a fine vegetable rake. With this implement, one of my workmen swer the purpose of a drain. I spread over it from mould for a spring crop; and after harrowing the with one horse and boy to ride, raked in three hours six to eight three horse loads of manure per acre, furrows down, sowed it with barley, washed in five acres of grass, yielding three tons per acre. and on the driest and most barren I have added strong brine and rolled in plaster, about two and a Also machines for threshing and cleaning grain. I three or four loads of old leeched ashes-rolled it half bushels of seed per acre, harrowed it, and be- have one, of Ballou's Patent, erected in my barn, If our farmers will but awake to a sense of their down with a roller five feet long and twenty inches fore cross harrowing, it was seeded with four pounds by which four men and a boy, and a yoke of oxen timothy. After the barley was out of the ground five bushels per hour. in diameter. This was done to pulverise the lumps of the large red clover seed, and three quarts of or a span of horses, can thresh more than twentyand settle the manure and land together.* This I have done both in the spring and fall-the one or two inches, it was sowed broad cast with spring I have found the best time, but not so con- plaster, five or six pecks per acre, and rolled down interest, break the shackles in which custom has About the tenth of to pulverise the lumps and smooth the surface for bound them, and pursue the proper method of clearvenient for carting manure. May it was well dragged, or ploughed with a one mowing. The expense of this crop was not to ex-ing, fencing, ploughing, manuring and cropping horse plough; if ploughed, it was harrowed down, ceed ten dollars per acre; an average produce, forty their land, the day cannot be far distant, favoured I took from this ground, the two suc- will rank with the most productive, and among the and it was wet and springy, it was cast into small bushels per acre, worth sixty-two and a half cents as we are with an excellent soil, when this county ridges by throwing two furrows together at a dis- per bushel. In this way the land was cleansed, gentlemen, the saving of expense in cultivating a and the old rubbish and stones removed; both as it tance of two and a half feet from the centre of the ceeding years, from two and a half to three tons of most wealthy in the state. Calculate for yourselves, ridges, but without disturbing the sod; then cross- hay per acre. marked at the same distance. About the fifteenth enriched, and prepared for a further rotation of farm after the lots are well arranged and fenced, The second rotation.-The sod was turned over respects labour, and implements of husbandry.— or twentieth of May, it was planted with eight row- crops. ed yellow corn, twelve quarts to the acre, wet in a pickle made of six ounces of saltpetre, two quarts of the last of August or first of September, manured When your lots are well prepared for crops, one boiling water, one gill of tar. This pickle was ap- and rolled down, as in the first instance. About the horse with suitable ploughs and harrows, will anplied to the seed boiling hot, which immediately 15th of September, I sowed it with red chaff beard-swer all the purposes of two, except to plough or was rolled in plaster and planted. The head lands ed wheat, one and a half bushels per acre, and har- harrow stiff sward or clay. It is in the saving of were planted with four rows of potatoes, for the rowed it in. The seed was prepared by washing it labour and increase of crops that we must expect diately rolled in lime, and I let it lie moist twenty- and again been said that the poor man cannot afford In the fore to cultivate his farm in this way-but it is a grand convenience of turning the horse so as not to break clean in a strong brine made with salt, and imme- to increase the profit of our farms. It has once down the corn. After the corn was out of the ground six or eight four hours, to prevent smut and insect. The expense of this crop, the prodigal waste of time and money in half clearinches, it was lightly ploughed both ways-one fur- part of May, five or six pecks of plaster were sowed mistake; it is the rich man only that is able to bear row in a row, dressed out with a hoe, and plastered broad cast to the acre. After two or including manure, was about $16 per acre-the pro- ing and fencing-half saving and applying his maing and putting in his seed-and half harvesting and on the hill, five pecks to the acre. three weeks it was ploughed and hoed as before, duce from thirty-five to forty bushels per acre, worth nure-half ploughing and harrowing-half prepar Late in the fall, or early in the spring, I turned securing his crops. This is the way to make a rich Let me entreat those farmers who feel unfriendly without disturbing the sod, and suckered before one dollar and twenty-five cents per bushel. up the old sod-harrowed and planted it to corn. man poor, instead of making a poor man rich. hoeing, leaving three or four stalks in a hill. The large crops can be produced as have been frequent* Shallow ploughing and the application of manure on Tilled as before mentioned, except the barnyard the surface, is contrary to the common theory, as it is manure-the expense about $14 per acre-had from to this society-those who are incredulous on this contended by some writers, that the manure loses its eighty to a hundred bushels per acre, worth forty-subject, and those who do not believe that such In the fall, or early in the spring, I harrowed down ly reported to this society, and attested by the best strength by evaporation, when so much exposed to the four cents per bushel. sun. There may be some loss by this exposure, but not so much as there is by ploughing it in deep. I should the hills, and in the spring prepared and sowed it authority, to try the experiment on one lot and keep I should be glad to see a liberal premium offered always wish, however, that the manure, after being with some spring crop suitable to stock down-sow- an exact account as respects quantity of crop and ed and rolled as before stated, produce from fifty to the true cost. spread from the wagon, might be immediately mixed with about one inch of the surface, either with the plough or harrow, after rolling as the decomposition sixty bushels if barley-from twenty-five to thirty

is much quicker when it comes in contact with the soil, five if spring wheat-and from seventy to eighty if to the person who will raise the greatest quantity of
and in this situation it becomes a better conductor of oats-from five to six hundred pounds if flax, per grain the ensuing season upon an acre of old im-
Some seasons, instead ty, but shall this destroy it? No. Let us rather che-
the vegetable elements to the plant. Keeping the ve- acre; and afterwards, taken for two or three years, proved land, with the least expense. I am well aware
getable mould as near the surface as possible, I have from three and a half to four tons of hay, or pasture that impositions have been practised upon this socie-
found not only a great preservation to the plant against in that proportion, per acre.
There can be no doubt but in the past year one
the frost, heavy rains, and severe drought, but the sod of sowing wheat on the sod in the fall, I have turn- rish it-it has already been productive of great
After thousand bushels more grain have been raised in
below absorbs the wash of the manure, and thus prepares ed it over in the spring, rolled and harrowed it, and good.
it well, when turned back for the next crop. As our sowed it with three bushels of small, or three and a
new lands are much surer for, and more productive of
crops, where the vegetable mould is all on the surface, half bushels of large white peas to the acre.
the nearer I approached the same principle in culti- they had been washed in strong brine and rolled in the town in which I reside, through the stimulus of
vating the soil, the better I succeeded in raising crops. plaster, they were ploughed in on the top of the this society, and that other property has been in-
I have received more benefit from three loads of ma- sod-when out of the ground one or two inches, creased in the same proportion, amounting to more
nure applied as above stated, than from five, when plastered five or six pecks to the acre, and had from than one thousand dollars. Admitting the same
ploughed in deep. I am of opinion, that the strength thirty to forty bushels per acre-then in the fall, competition has been produced in the other towns,
of our soil could never be exhausted with a proper ro- turned back the sod and manured it, sowed it with we may safely calculate that this society has in-
tation of crops, where all the manure which they pro-wheat as before stated, and have had from forty to creased the property in the county of Saratoga more
duce, is carefully preserved, and once in four or five
And the fourth stocked it down counties, and we have an increase of property to
years properly applied to the surface. This, I think, forty-five bushels per acre. The third season, have than eighteen thousand dollars. Let us suppose
has been fully verified by our new lands; for, after taken a crop of from eighty to one hundred bushels agricultural societies equally cherished in other
taking more than one hundred and fifty tons of timber of corn per acre.
| when my ground was in heart, so that it would an- | million and a half of money annually.
from an acre, it generally produces our heaviest crops with barley. This I have found a good course, this State, through their influence, of more than a
of grain and grass.

Adjourned till 3 P. M.

Can any man have proper views of national econ-Meade, I. Hollingsworth, Kiger, and Ship, were omy, or be a friend to the best interests of his coun-pointed. try, who instead of cherishing, would raise his voice for withdrawing the patronage of the state from an institution productive of so much good.

Laudable and becoming exertions, are made in this our land of peace and plenty, to instruct our youth in almost every art and science, and shall we not look forward with fond anticipation to the period as not far distant, when we shall have seminaries also for teaching this most important, though much neglected art-the art of husbandry. It is the fountain from which we obtain our wealth and earthly happiness. Let us then continue to unite our exertions with the exertions of those who have recommended and patronized the best interests of the state, until the science and practice of agriculture shall excite that deep interest and that universal attention, which its high importance demands.

To the ladies who patronize this Society, after what they have here exhibited of their industry and economy-those brightest ornaments of the female part of community, compliments are useless. The works of their own hands praise them. May others be stimulated to go and do likewise.

3 O'CLOCK, P. M.

ap-given for a Teesinter, or Short Horned Steer, and no animal was so called, by the committee of graziers, nor by the Society, can any inference be drawn, to favour Agricola's views?*

Met pursuant to adjournment.-The society pro- This mal adroit effort, and ignorance of fact, "receeded to the election of officers for the ensuing mind me" of a professional writer, who, whilst makyear; previous to which the following resolution ing a pointed critique, upon a foreign essay, on the was offered, and unanimously adopted as one of the management of flax, was opportunely interrupted, standing rules: by a brother Vice President, of the City Agricultu Resolved, That hereafter, when but one person is ral Society, to whom he exclaimed, "conceive, Mr. nominated to any office, no balloting shall be ne- S, the blunder of this Frenchman, asserting, cessary. that flax is the fibre, growing without as bark, inorderstead of being produced within, as pith of the plant." If a friendly Vice President had been near to Agricola, perhaps he might have guarded him from discomfiture, by saying, "You are as wrong, as if you knew not pith' from an attenuated fibre,' which, although when artfully woven, conceals Judge Tucker nominated W. B. Page, Esq. naked deformity from those who are distant, yet Judge Tucker and Gen. Lockhart were appointed when awkwardly spun out, becomes as the flimsy tellers, and proceeded to count the votes. After web of a busy spider, disregarded, or swept down which Judge Tucker rose and said, by all who are near."

The election of President being then in
Mr. McGuire nominated Judge Tucker.
Mr. Davis nominated Capt. Barton.
Mr. Earll nominated Major Mason.
Judge Tucker and Mr. Barton both declined being
voted for.

Mr. Chairman, the tellers of the votes have pro-
ceeded to count the votes given by the members,
and find the result to be, that there are,
For Wm. Byrd Page,
Seth Mason,

18 votes
3 votes

CURWEN.

AGRICOLA ANSWERED BY MR. LOWRY'S STATEMENT.

The Steer which I fed, and recently slaughtered,

PROCEEDINGS OF AGRICULTURAL SO-ty, and announced that Wm. B. Page, having a maThe chairman then stated this result to the socie- was brought to the Philadelphia market, to be killed, when a calf, for veal. I have never heard by whom he was bred, nor of what breed his sire and dam were called. At the Cattle Show, held by the Philadelphia Society, he was called Teeswater.*

CIETIES.

The Agricultural Society of the Valley (Virginia) met in the Town Hall, at Winchester, on the 5th ult.-whereupon W. M. BARTON, vice-president of the society, announced in feeling and appropriate terms, the death of their late president, Judge HUGH HOLMES-pronouncing at the same time an elegant and deserved eulogy on the character, zeal and services of the deceased.

jority of the votes of the society, was duly elected
president of the same for the ensuing year.
The other officers were then elected without op-
position, as follows:

Wm. M. Barton, vice-president,
Thomas Cramer, secretary,

Samuel H. Davis, assistant secretary,
John M. Brome, treasurer.

On motion of Mr. Sherrard,

PHILIP LOWRY.

HORTICULTURE.

On motion of Mr. Sherrard, the following resolu-ed to choose the board of trustees for the ensuing Resolved, That a committee of three be appoint- ON THE DISEASES OF VARIOUS FRUIT tion was adopted:

Resolved, That the members of this society will, as a testimony of the respect in which they hold the memory of their late president, the hon. Hugh Holmes, wear crape on the left arm for thirty days. The society then proceeded to the transaction of ordinary business.

year.

Whereupon, Messrs. Sherrard, Heiskell and Cramer were appointed; who reported the following gentlemen as composing the list:

TREES,

AS THE PEACH, MORELLO, AND PLUM,

With some remarks on the natural history of the Peafly-in a letter from James Worth, Esq. to Col. J. H. Powel, corresponding secretary of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Society-dated Buck's county, 1st January, 1824.

Wm. M. Barton, Seth Mason, Joseph Kean, Joseph Hackney, James M. Hite, Josiah Lockhart, John W. Baylis, A. S. Tidball, David Bryarly, Isaac Letters were read from the hon. James Barbour, Hollingsworth, John W. Page, Wm. Smith of Shen. [We have omitted what has been well said by the hon. P. P. Barbour, Messrs. J. F. Dufour, J. L. The committee on crops and stone fence report- Mr. Worth on the subject of the insect, by which Richardson, and R. K. Meade, the latter enclosing ed, that they had awarded the premium for the lat-peach trees are assailed and destroyed, because we an essay of 12 folio pages from J. H. Powel, secre-ter to Mr. John W. Page. consider that part of the subject as exhausted by -tary of the Agricultural Society of Pennsylvania; The following new members were admitted-what was written within the last year by Mr. Worth, Daniel Lee, John Lee, George F. Hupp.

which were ordered to be recorded.

On motion of Mr. Nelson,

Resolved, That a committee be appointed, to meet quarterly, whose duty it shall be to take into consideration such communications as may be addressed to the society, selecting such as may appear to said committee advisable to be read at its meetings. Whereupon it was

Resolved, That the trustees of the society compose such committee.

Resolved, further, That said committee be authorized to transact all business now before the society, not before any other committee.

On motion of Mr. Brome,

WM. M. BARTON, Vice-Pres't.
THOS. CRAMER, Secretary.

and published in the transactions of the American Academy of Sciences at Philadelphia; and by the very satisfactory papers of Evan Thomas, jr., published in the last volume of the American Farmer. If any doubt the efficacy of the remedies proposed, AGRICOLA AND HIS TEESWATER STEER. the farm of P. E. Thomas, four miles from this city. they have only to see and judge for themselves, at

SIR:

TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER.

Philadelphia County, March, 1825.

They may there see trees, which still bear marks of having been on the verge of death, recovering and putting forth with renovated health and redoubled vigor. Were any son of Esculapius to minister It is to be lamented, that "Agricola" had not al- with equal effect, against the ravages of old age and lowed himself time to inquire, upon two points, disease, upon the human frame; he would be conwherein his assertions, and inferences, are deeply sidered a second St. Leon, armed with the philosoResolved, That a committee of five be appointed involved. 1st. Whether Mr. Lowry's steer was of pher's stone, to communicate the power of flourishto receive the reports of competitors for the great-Teeswater blood. 2ndly. Whether "Teeswaters" ing in perpetual youth, amidst the wreck of all surest average crop raised on their lands, and for the and Improved Durham Short Horns, are the same. rounding matter. But to our subject. For the reagreatest quantity of stone fence made, during the I aver, that Mr. Lowry's bullock had not one six-sons above stated, we have omitted here the observalast year, and report at this meeting. teenth of Teeswater blood. Mr. Lowry's statement tions of Mr. Worth in relation to the insect, which Whereupon, Messrs. Page, Parkins, Ficklin, will prove, it cannot be shown, that he had one attacks the peach tree; thinking it would be more Lockhart, and Robinson, were appointed. drop; and no man who is not wholly ignorant of acceptable to confine ourselves now, to what he On motion of Mr. Brome, amended by Col. Kiger, the subject, could suppose, that the old Teeswater says of other causes of decay in the Peach tree, and Resolved, That a committee of seven be appoint- Short Horns, of 74, are the same as the Improved to his remarks on the diseases of the Morello cherry ed to draw up a scheme of premiums to be awarded Durham Short Horns of '25. and plum tree, which have been hitherto less treatat the next fair, no one premium of which shall ex- Even if it could be made to appear, that he was ceed 20 dollars; which report shall be final, and not of Teeswater blood, from "the fact, that he obtain- * On being asked by whom, Mr. Lowry observed, he subject to alteration or amendment by the society. ed a premium at the Philadelphia Exhibition, of did not know-he supposed by the Committee, See Whereupon, Messrs. Cramer, Davis, Lockhart, 1822," where no premium was offered,where none was Report, vol. 4, page 123, Farmer.

« НазадПродовжити »