Beauchamp.-17. At Glenfeachan, Captain John Campbell, 91st regiment, to Elizabeth, daughter of the deceased John Stevenson, Esq. of Glenfeachan.-18. At Dundee, Mr William Ellett, merchant, to Miss Elizabeth Watson.-23. At Hawick, the Rev. Robert Shaw, minister of Ewes, to Mary, daughter of the Rev. William H. Moncrieff, minister of Annan.-24. In Scaleby Church, Andrew Hamilton, Esq. merchant, Leith, to Agnes, second daughter of Rowland Fawcett of Scaleby Castle, Esq. Cumberland.At Edinburgh, the Rev. Patrick Macvicar, one of the ministers of Dundee, to Mrs Dymocke, relict of the late Rev. James Dymocke.-27. At Edinburgh, Robert Henderson, Esq. of Chapelhope, to Miss Isabella Scott, daughter of the late Mr William Scott, farmer in Single.-At Peasebank, James Bruce, Esq. of Broomhill, to Margaret, eldest daughter of Dr Robert Whitehead, physician, Hamilton.-31. At Laurieston Place, Allan Buchanan, Esq. merchant in Glasgow, to Grace, third daughter of Mr John Crombie, dyer.

DEATHS.

June 12. At Calcutta, Major James Gordon of the 15th regiment of native infantry, deputy-adjutant-general at that presidency. At Saharunpoor, in the East Indies, in July last, Mr Crichton Ramsay, of the Bengal medical establishment, aged 30 years.

August 27. At Madras, James B. Pender, M. D. surgeon in the service of the Honourable East India Company, son of Thomas Pender, comptroller of his Majesty's stamp-duties.

Sept. 15. At Coolbariak, near Dinapore, James Robertson, Esq. surgeon in the Honourable East India Company's service on the Bengal establishment, son of the late John Robertson, Esq. commissary of Peebles. Oct. 23. Mr John M'Ewen, planter, Mount Pleasant, Trinidad.

Dec. 27. At Demerara, Mr Alexander Gentle, third son of the late Mr Alexander Gentle, Dunkeld.

Jan. 10. At Jamaica, in Hanover parish, Mr James M Kechney, surgeon, son of the Rev. W. M'Kechney, Musselburgh, in the 22d year of his age.-15. At St Mary's, Jamaica, Alexander Macdowall Grant, second son of David Macdowall Grant, Esq. of Arndilly.-27. At Baleloch, the Rev. William Arbuckle, minister of the parish of List.

Feb. 14. At the Retreat, Emma, the infant daughter of Alexander H. Hamilton, Esq. of Hullerhurst, in the county of Ayr, and of the Retreat, in the county of Devon. -16. At Middlegill, near Moffat, William Ewart of Aldershaw, Esq.-At Kirkwall, James Riddoch, Esq. of Cairston.-17. At Aberdeen, Lieutenant Richard English, R. N.-18. At Glasgow, Mr John Macarthur, iron-merchant.-19. At his father's house, in the 21st year of his age, William,

eldest son of Matthew Poole, Esq. M.D. Waterford, Ireland.-At Kilwhanidy, John Martin, Esq. of Kilwhanidy.-At Aberdeen, Mr John Wilson, manufacturer, in the 67th year of his age.-21. At Penzance, in Cornwall, William Pearson, writer in Glasgow. -22. At Edinburgh, Alexander Napier, one of his Majesty's household trumpeters for Scotland.-At Loak, Mr James Duff, and on the 25th, Mrs Jean Bisset, his spouse; the former in the 78th, and the latter in the 73d year of her age. This venerable couple were interred in the same grave, after having been married 52 years. -At Dykehead, Helen Williamson, spouse to William Thomson, elder, in the parish of Tweedsmuir. They had lived about 54 years in the married state, and their united ages amount to 164; and a most singular occurrence is, that during the whole of that long period, they never had a death in their family, although they have had several children.——-23. Miss Margaret Northesk Lindsay, youngest daughter of the late Jas Lindsay Carnegie, Esq. of Boysack.————At Morrishill, Mrs Barbara Sheddan, wife of John Sheddan, Esq. of Morrishill.-At his house in New Street, Edinburgh, Captain Edwin Horsburgh, one of the Minden heroes, aged 82 years.-25. Lieut.-Colonel George Robertson, late of the Canadian fencibles. At Geneva, Robert Whyte Melville, Esq. of Strathkinness.-Jane, wife of the Rev. Thomas Easton, minister of Kirriemuir.-16. At his house in Union Place, Aberdeen, Sir William Seton of Pitmedden, bart. aged 71.-28. At his house, Castle Hill, Edinburgh, Mr John Brysson, musicseller, Bank Street.-At her house, St John's Hill, Edinburgh, Miss Isabella Hutton of Slighs Houses, aged 95 years.-At Edinburgh, Mr Peter Drysdale, writingmaster.

At Tun

March 3. At Musselburgh, Mary Richardson, spouse of Mr Thomas Thomson, candlemaker and tobacconist.-4. At Perth, Mr Robert Gray, glover; and on the 5th, Mrs Jean Gray, wife of John Monteath, surgeon.-5. At Edinburgh, Mr Silvester Doig, bookseller.-At Maine of Eastwood, Mr John Givan, aged 83.—At Dundee, Miss Isabella Anderson, daughter of the late David Anderson, Esq. of Balgay.-6. At Cockenzie, near Prestonpans, Mr George Swan, baker, much regretted.bridge Wells, John Viscount Kelburne, eldest son of the Earl of Glasgow, aged 28. -At his seat, Gawthorpe Hall, in the county of Lancaster, Robert Shuttleworth, Esq. -At Inverkeithing, in the 62d year of his age, Mr Peter Miller.-7. At Stirling Castle, D. J. French, Esq. ordnance storekeeper.-William Gray, Esq. of Heathrey Hall.-8. In Lower Grosvenor Street, London, the Hon. J. A. Stewart Wortley Mackenzie.-At Leith, Mr Alexander Christie, ironmonger.-At Garry Cottage, Perthshire, James George, the infant son of Colonel Macdonnel of Glengarry, in the fourth week

of his age. At Edinburgh, Agnes Blackie Hardie, daughter of Ralph Hardie, writer, Brown's Square, aged five years.-At Arbroath, Mr Alexander Louson, writer in Arbroath. At the manse of Montmail, in the 79th year of her age, Elizabeth Lawson, spouse of the Rev. Samuel Martin, D.D.9. Charles, youngest son of Mr George Henderson, Huntly wood. At Eweslees, near Langholm, Mr Hugh Scott.-10. John Drysdale, late surgeon in the Honourable East India Company's service, Bombay establishment.-At Arniston House, Mr Thomas Lamb of the Exchequer.-11. At Glasgow, John, the infant son of Mr James Denholm of the Glasgow Academy.-13. Suddenly, at her mother's house in Dublin Street, Edinburgh, Miss Elizabeth Smail, eldest daughter of the deceased John Smail, Esq. of Overmains, Berwickshire.-At Cunninghamhead, Mrs Snodgrass, spouse of Neil Snodgrass, Esq. of Cunninghamhead. -At Greenock, Mr John Murray, aged 73, late engineer. At No 94, Strand, London, Lieutenant Charles Maclaren, late of the 42d regiment, or Royal Highlanders, of a protracted illness, from the wounds which he received at the battle of Toulouse. He was a native of Edinburgh.-At Peebles, Miss Elizabeth Dick, aged 94, daughter of the late Rev. Mr James Dick, one of the ministers of Glasgow.At Williamheld, Newhaven, Harriet, wife of John Mundell, lieutenant, R. N.-14. At Brechin, in the 97th year of her age, Mrs M. Fergusson, relict of the Rev. Mr Patrick Turnbull, late minister of the gospel at Strickathro.15. At Edinburgh, Hector Macneill, Esq. well known to the literary world as the author of "Will and Jean," and other justly popular productions.-At Gayfield Square, Edinburgh, Mary, second daughter of Henry Porteous, Esq. Honourable East India Company's service, St Helena.-At Leith, Mr Alexander Neilson Lamb, solicitor and procurator-fiscal there. At her house in New Street, Edinburgh, Miss Margaret Donaldson.-16. At Edinburgh, Sir John Stirling of Glorat, bart.-At Willow Bank, Mrs Harley, daughter of John Laird, Esq. Greenock. Suddenly, at Keith, Banffshire, from the bursting of a blood-vessel, Major Peter Grant, late of the 92d regiment, or Gordon Highlanders. His zeal for the ser vice induced him to join the army in Flanders in 1793, as a volunteer. His services having been noticed by the Marquis of Huntly, his lordship appointed him to his regiment upon its establishment in 1794. Major Grant was constantly present with,

and shared in, the many gallant exploits of this distinguished corps, in Holland, Egypt, and in the Peninsula, &c. In the course of those severe conflicts he was repeatedly wounded, and was finally under the necessity of retiring from the service, in consequence of losing a leg by a cannon ball in Spain. Major Grant was much esteemed by his brother officers and all who knew him, on account of the strict honour and manly frankness which eminently distinguished his character. To his relations he was generous and kind. He was in his 49th year, and was of the family of Tullochgorum, in Strathspey.-19. At Edinburgh, Mr John Broadfoot, student of divinity.— At Belfield, Miss Duncan.-20. At the Cairn of Lochryan, Lieutenant James Adair, royal navy, son of Thomas Adair of Genoch, Esq. clerk to the signet.-At Glasgow, after a short illness, Mr James Denholm, of the Glasgow Academy, aged 45. Mr Denholm was author of the "History of Glasgow," and several other estimable works.-22. At Edinburgh, Mr James Bruce, merchant.23. At Greenock, John Kippen, Esq. in the 76th year of his age.-24. At Prior's Lynn, Dumfries-shire, Jane, second daughter of the late Captain Maxwell, aged 19.—At Dundee, Mrs Francis Sievwright, aged 75, much regretted.-25. At Edinburgh, Mr David Low, late of Dundee, aged 95. His wife died two years ago, aged 84, after having lived together 65 years.-At Roxburgh Place, Mrs Jane Macnab, relict of Walter Macfarlan, Esq. Ledard.

Lately-At his house in South Audley Street, the Honourable Sir George Berkeley, K.G.C.B. admiral of the white, and admiral and commander-in-chief of the Portuguese navy, in the 65th year of his age.-At Airdrie House, in the 88th year of her age, Miss Aitchison of Rochsolloch and Airdrie. -At Broompark, Mrs Baird, relict of James Baird, Esq. of Broompark.-In the island of Dominica, at the age of 19, Mr Alexander Carlyle Grierson, surgeon, only surviving son of the Rev. R. Grierson, Nicolson Street, Edinburgh.. -At Berwick House, Lady Catherine Frances Fielding, sister of the Earl of Denbigh.At Gibraltar, Joseph Larcom, Esq. late a captain in his Majesty's navy, and naval commissioner of the island of Malta. At an advanced age, Mr Waldron, an old and respectable member of the theatrical profession.In the hospital of Namur, aged 109, Maria Charlotte Cario. She preserved to the last moment all her mental faculties, had a great appetite, and

never was ill.

No XIV.

VOL. III.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PATENT KALEIDOSCOPE, INVENTED BY DR BREWSTER.

THE Kaleidoscope is an instrument recently invented by Dr Brewster, for the purpose of creating and exhibiting an infinite variety of beautiful forms. The name is derived from the Greek words, naλos, beautiful—udos, a formand now, to see.

This instrument, in its simplest form, consists of two reflecting planes, made either of new plate glass or speculum metal, ground perfectly flat, and highly polished. The plates may be of any length, but that which is most convenient will be found to be from 5 to 10, or 12 inches. Their breadth should be about 8 or 9 tenths of an inch when the length is 6 inches, but the breadth should increase with the length, in order to have the aperture of the same angular magnitude. Two of the edges of these reflectors, after they are carefully ground to a straight line by the finest emery, and freed from all roughness and imperfection, are placed together, by a particular contrivance, in such a manner, that their inclination, or the angle which they form, is exactly an even aliquot part of a circle, or a 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 16th, 18th, 20th, &c. part of 360°. When the plates are thus fixed in a brass tube, and the eye placed at one end of them, it will perceive a circular field of view, composed of as many luminous sectors as the number of times that the angle formed by the reflectors is contained in 360°. These sectors, excepting the one seen by direct vision, and constituting the angular aperture of the plates, are a series of images of this aperture, formed by successive reflexions between VOL. III.

the inclined reflectors. The images formed by one reflexion from each of the plates, lie on each side of the direct aperture, and are inverted images of that aperture; the next two images, formed by two reflections, are images not inverted, and so on throughout the whole series, every two direct images being separated by an inverted one.

From these observations it will be seen, that the Kaleidoscope is not an instrument which produces beautiful forms by the multiplication of single forms; for it is demonstrable, that a symmetrical and beautiful pattern cannot be produced by the repetition of any single form; and if it were possible to construct a multiplying glass with mathematical perfection, and free of all the prismatic colours, it would be impossible to produce with it an arrangement of simple forms, marked with symmetry and beauty. The principle of the Kaleidoscope therefore is, to produce symmetry and beauty by the creation and subsequent multiplication of compound forms, each of which is composed of a direct and an inverted image of a simple form.

The tube which holds the reflecting plates moves in another tube, and upon the outer end of this last tube is placed a brass cell, or cap, for receiving a series of object-plates, containing fragments of differently coloured glass, and other substances, placed at random. When one of these object-plates is pushed into the cell, the cell is placed upon the end of the outer tube, and the inner tube pushed in as far as it will go. The instrument being held in one hand, the cell containing the objectplate is moved round by the other; and the eye of the observer being placed at the narrow end of the tube, he will

Q

observe the irregular masses of colour arranged in an infinite variety of forms, mathematically symmetrical, and highly pleasing to the eye.

"If the object is put in motion, the combination of images will likewise be put in motion, and new forms perfectly different, but equally symmetrical,-will successively present themselves, sometimes vanishing in the centre,-sometimes emerging from it, and sometimes playing around it in double and opposite oscillations. When the object is tinged with different colours, the most beautiful tints are developed in succession, and the whole figure delights the eye by the perfection of its form, and the brilliancy of its colouring."

The effects, of which we have given a general description, obviously arise from the inversion and subsequent multiplication of every object placed before the angular aperture, or the luminous sector seen by direct vision, and from the perfect junction of all the reflected images. When the object is moved, the inverted images all seem to move in an opposite direction, while the images not inverted move in the same direction with the object; and from these opposite motions, as well as from the entrance of new objects, by the revolution or the direct motion of the object-plate, arises that endless variety of forms which affords so much gratification to the eye.

In the preceding form of this instrument, the object must necessarily be placed close to the end of the reflectors; for if it is removed from this position, the symmetry is destroyed, and the deviation from a symmetrical form increases as the distance of the object from the reflector increases. The use of the instrument is therefore limited to objects which can be held close to the reflector.

This limitation, however, has been removed, and the use and application of the instrument indefinitely extended by an optical contrivance. A lens of a short focal length is placed on the object end of the outer tube, and the inner tube is drawn out till the image of objects, whatever be their distance, falls exactly on the outer ends of the reflectors. When this is the case, these objects will be arranged into the most

* Specification of the Patent.

beautiful and symmetrical forms, in the same manner as if they had been reduced in size, and actually placed at the end of the reflectors. In this way every object in nature may be introduced into the picture formed by the instrument, and the observer will derive a new and endless source of enjoyment by the creation of pictures from natural objects, whether animate or inanimate. The leaves and petals of flowers, the foliage of trees, grass mixed with flowers, the currents of a river, moving insects, a blazing fire, are objects which never fail to delight the eye by the new creations which they afford.

The Kaleidoscope, in its popular form, has been manufactured with much taste by Mr Philip Carpenter, optician in Birmingham, and by Mr John Ruthven of Edinburgh, to whom the public is already indebted for the ingenious printing and copying presses with which he has enriched the arts. It generally consists of two tubes, a lens, six object-plates, one of which is left empty for new objects, and a cell for containing them. Some of them are made without the drawer tube and the lens, and others with stands, and a spare tube which forms a different pattern.

When the Kaleidoscope is intended for scientific purposes, it requires to be made in a different form, with contrivances for varying the inclination of the reflectors. The instrument, with these contrivances, has been made with great skill by Mr Bate, an ingenious optician in London. The reflectors are made of the finest speculum metal, of such a composition that it is incapable of tarnishing. The edges of these metallic reflectors are adjusted with great nicety to the axes of the rings that support them, so that they are made to form any angle from 0°

to 90°.

As the Kaleidoscope is of the greatest use in the ornamental arts, particularly to carpet and lace manufacturers, calico printers, architects, paper stainers, ornamental painters, jewellers, carvers and gilders, workers in stained glass, &c. its adaptation to their purposes has been attended to, and the instruments are occasionally furnished with a stand, in order that the pattern may be fixed whilst the artist is engaged in copying it. They are also rendered capable of being used with

Dr Wollaston's Camera Lucida, in order that those who are not able to copy the patterns with perfect correctness, may thus be enabled to do it with facility and accuracy.

When the instrument is thus constructed, the painter may introduce the very colours which he is to use, the jeweller the gems which he is to arrange, and in general the artist may apply to the instrument the materials which he is to embody, and thus form the most accurate opinion of their effect when combined into an ornamental pattern. When the Kaleidoscope is applied in this manner, an infinite variety of patterns is created, and the artist can select such as he considers most beautiful and most suited to the nature of his work. After a knowledge of the principle and powers of the instrument has been acquired by a little practice, he will be able to give any character to the figure that he pleases, and he may even create a series of different patterns, all rising out of one another, and returning again, by similar gradations, to the first of the series. In all these cases the pattern is perfectly symmetrical round a centre, or all the sectors, or images of the aperture, are exactly alike, with this difference only, that every alternate sector is inverted; but this symmetry may be altered, for after the pattern is drawn, it may be reduced into a square, a triangular, an elliptical, or any other form that we choose. The instruments are sometimes made to give annular patterns, and straight patterns for borders.

If it is required to introduce a flower, a leaf, a statue, or any other object which is too large to be seen through the aperture, we have only to use the lens, and place the object at such a distance that the image of it, formed by the lens, is sufficiently small to be admitted into the aperture.

In consequence of the popularity of this instrument, it has, we understand, been pirated in London by individuals who are entirely ignorant of its principles and construction, and who have imposed upon the public a wretched imitation of the original, possessing none of the properties which are essentially necessary to the production of beautiful and symmetrical forms. These piracies have been carried on with such dexterity, that in some cases the purchaser obtains one

half of the instrument in one shop, and the other half in another; but this unprecedented invasion of private property has been discountenanced by all the eminent London opticians with a liberality and disinterestedness which might have been expected from that respectable body; and we have no doubt that the public will be equally disposed to discourage such unjustifiable aggressions. Monopolies are no doubt in many cases evils that ought to be avoided; but in this country, a patent is the only reward which is given for mechanical inventions, and for new processes in the arts; and we do not see why the inventor of a machine should not derive the same advantages from his labours that every author does from his writings.

Those who wish for further information respecting the Kaleidoscope, may consult the printed description, of it which accompanies the patent instrument, an ingenious paper on the Kaleidoscope in Thomson's Annals of Philosophy, vol. XI. written by Peter Roget, M. D. F. R.S., and a Treatise on the Principles of the Kaleidoscope, and its Application to the numerous branches of the fine and useful Arts, which will soon be published by Dr Brewster.

ON TRUTH.

The Reverie of an Enthusiast.

THE purposes of life are so various, and its powers so limited, that the mind can scarcely reflect upon its state, without discerning at once a vast inadequacy of the existence it carries on, to the requisitions under which that existence is held, and without feeling a nothingness in that present instant in which the form of its existence is brought, as in a concentrated image, before its inspection. What follows? Either the mind gathers up all the consciousness of its strength and of its destination, and, with violent commotion of its powers, believes and wills a greater future,-or it submits itself patiently to the seeming constitution of a frail nature, contented to know that it shall go on hereafter as it has gone on hitherto :-And so life passes. And is this all? Is this plausible humility of self-knowledge, which suits