5th, 1849; and in this the people of Sonoma, Sacramento City, and several other places, concur. The people of Monterey recommend the 1st of May as the day of the convention. Finally, it is agreed that the convention be held at Monterey, August 6th, 1849, and it is recommended that the convention have full power to frame a constitution to be submitted to the people of California.

Dec. 23. -The first meeting of the convention of the Southern members of Congress is held, and adjourns to January 15, 1849.

Dec. 29. The Roman Chambers are dissolved, and a Constituent Assembly convened. The Provisional Government of Venice decrees an Assembly with full powers, -to be elected by universal suffrage, one representative to 1,500 inhabitants.

1849.

Jan. 3. The town of Moultan, after a long siege, is taken by the British forces, at a loss of about 400 killed and wounded on the part of the besiegers. Jan. 5.- Windischgrätz enters Buda-Pesth. Kossuth retreats to Debreczin. Jan. 5.- Lieut. Maury, of the National Observatory, announces to the Secretary of the Navy the discovery of the magnetic clock, by Dr. Locke, of Ohio. Jan. 8. The Pope issues a proclamation threatening excommunication to such as take any part in electing the new Assembly.

Jan. 13. A severe battle is fought between Lord Gough and the Sikh forces, at Chillianwallah, without decisive results. The British loss is 757 killed, 1,512 wounded. Both parties intrench themselves near the field of battle.

Jan. 15. The adjourned meeting of the Convention of the Southern members of Congress is held, and, by a vote of 52 to 36, determines to exclude reporters. Mr. Calhoun, from the committee of fifteen, reports an "Address of the Southern Members of Congress to their Constituents," and the meeting adjourns to January 22. Jan. 22.

At the adjourned meeting of the Southern members of Congress, Mr. Berrien's address is reported and read. By a vote of 59 to 18, it is voted to be expedient for the Representatives of the slaveholding States to publish an address. By a vote of 34 to 27, Mr. Calhoun's address is preferred to Mr. Berrien's, and is adopted by a vote of 42 to 17, and the meeting adjourns sine die. Jan. 22. -The fort of Moultan surrenders unconditionally to the English. Jan. 25. - Major-General Taylor, having received official notice of the acceptance of his resignation, relinquishes the command of the Western Division of the army to General Gaines.

Jan. 25. The usual convention of the two Houses of Congress is held, and the Vice-President, having opened and presented the certificates of the Electors of the different States, announces that Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore are elected President and Vice-President of the United States for four years from March 4, 1849.

Jan. 26.-The ratifications of the Postal Convention between Great Britain and the United States are exchanged at London.

Feb. 1.-The Queen opens the session of the British Parliament.

Feb. 9.-The Grand Duke of Tuscany flees from Florence. The Chambers meet. The Clubs proclaim a Provisional Government.

Feb. 9. The "Glorious Roman Republic" is proclaimed in the National Assembly at Rome.

Feb. 21.-Lord Gough attacks Shere Singh near Goojerat, and defeats him at all points. The battle lasts from 7 A. M. until 4 P. M. The loss of the British is about 1,000.

--

General Taylor arrives in Washington.

Feb. 23. Feb. 24. The meeting of the people of the district of San Francisco, adjourned from February 17 to further consider and act upon the question of negro slavery in the Territory of California, assembles, and resolves that the delegates to the convention at San Jose be instructed to oppose, by all honorable means, the introduction of domestic slavery, or of free negroes as apprentices, by indenture or otherwise, to be employed in the Territory of California.

March 4-6.-The Emperor of Austria, by a series of decrees, promulgates

a new constitution.

March 5.-The special session of the Senate of the United States is held at Washington.

March 5.-The Legislative Assembly of the district of San Francisco meet for the first time at the Public Institute. Francis J. Lippit is elected Speaker, and J. Howard Ackerman, Clerk.

March 6. At the second meeting of the Legislative Assembly of the district of California, a committee was appointed to wait upon General Smith and Commodore Jones, and lay before them" a true statement of the affairs of this district, which have compelled the people to organize this Legislative Assembly, and to appoint justices and other ministerial officers, to enact suitable laws, to establish principles of justice and equity, and give protection to life, liberty, and property, and to solicit from the above high officers of the government of the United States such recognition and concurrence in our proceedings as will strengthen and if need be sustain the high conservative powers which have been delegated by the people of this district."

March 6.- The King of Naples concedes a constitution to Sicily based on that of 1812.

March 14. The rupture of the armistice between Austria and Sardinia is officially announced in the Chamber of Deputies.

March 21. -Charles Albert engages the troops of Marshal Radetsky near Vercelli, is worsted, and driven back towards Turin.

March 23. A second battle is fought at Novarra, and Charles Albert, being totally defeated, abdicates in favor of his eldest son, Victor Emanuel, Count of Savoy, and leaves the kingdom.

March 23. The special session of the Senate, having completed its business, is adjourned sine die.

March 29. The war in Lahore being finished, the Punjaub is formally annexed to the British crown.

March 30 General Haynau assaults Brescia, which had risen against the Austrians, and after terrific slaughter the city is taken and sacked.

April 1.- An insurrection arises in Genoa against the new King. On the 3d the insurgents compel the garrison to surrender. On the 5th, General Marmora invests the city. On the 6th, it asks for a truce. On the 11th, the truce expires, and on an appearance of violence, the troops occupy the city unconditionally. April 6.Catania is bombarded by the royal troops, and is reduced after a

stubborn resistance.

April 6. The town of Eckenförde (in Schleswig-Holstein) is attacked by a Danish fleet, mounting 154 guns. The fleet is driven off, and the Christian VIII., 84 gun-ship, gets aground and is blown up, and the Gefion frigate surrenders.

April 12. A new planet is discovered, at Naples, by Signor Gasparis. It resembles a star of the ninth or tenth magnitude, and its position is near a star which appears on Steinheil's celestial chart in right ascension 12h. 9m. 49s., and in declination 7deg. Om. 9s., and forms No. 23,098 in Lalande's Catalogue. Its motion was retrograde, and it was approaching the equator. This is the ninth new body (including planets and satellites) which has been added to the solar system within the last four years.

April 15.- General Welden supersedes Windischgrätz in command of the Austrian troops.

April 22.-The Schleswig troops gain a battle against the Danes near Kolding. April 25. The French armament against Rome reaches Civita Vecchia. April 26. The Emperor Nicholas, by a ukase, declares his purpose of aiding Austria in the subjection of Hungary. April 29.. The French arrive under the walls of Rome, but are repulsed in their attempt to enter the city, with the loss of about 600 killed and wounded. May.. The Baden troops in the Federal citadel of Rastadt have revolted against their officers, mortally wounding some of them, and declared for the Central Government.

May 3. A serious insurrection occurs in Dresden. The King and his ministry retire to Konigstein. On the 7th, the insurgents are quelled by the aid of Prussian troops.

May 7. Mr. Macready, the distinguished English tragedian, is driven by hisses and missiles from the stage of the Astor-Place Opera-House. The outrage is alleged to have been committed for the purpose of avenging a slight said to have been offered to Mr. Forrest while in England by Mr. Macready.

May 10. In consequence of an invitation from some of the leading citizens of New York, Mr. Macready plays Macbeth at the Astor-Place Opera House. A furious and numerous mob collect, and encouraged by the presence of many thousand spectators, attempt to force and burn the building. They are for a while kept back by the police, but being about to gain the victory, the military are called in, and every attempt to disperse the mob peaceably failing, they fire upon the crowd with ball cartridge, and kill and wound a large number. Of the 244 military on the ground, 144 are wounded. Many arrests of the rioters are made. May 10. Leghorn is attacked and carried by the Tuscan troops. May 11.. -Mayor Woodhull, of New York, issues his proclamation, calling upon good citizens to sustain the supremacy of the laws, and says, "The peace of the city must and shall be maintained by the whole civil and military power of the country."

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May 12. -A crevasse is made in the Levee of the Mississippi River at Sauvé's plantation, 14 miles above New Orleans by the course of the river. Though great efforts are made to close the breach, they are for a long time unsuccessful. The country back of the city is overflowed, and in the city 160 squares are inundated; 1,600 houses, occupied by about 8,000 persons, are flooded. The communication is by boats. A revolution breaks out in Carlsruhe, and the Grand Duke of

May 13. Baden flees.

May 15 (week ending 19th). The first case of cholera in New York is reported.

May 15. The anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers of Maryland is celebrated at the site of the ancient town of St. Mary's. An oration is delivered by Z. Collins Lee. Esq., of Baltimore.

May 16.- Bologna capitulates to the Austrians, after a conflict of eight days. May 17. At St. Louis, Missouri, a fire breaks out, at 10 P. M., on board the steamer White Cloud, lying at the Levee, and soon spreads among the other boats, and communicates with the buildings nearest the shore, burning until 7 o'clock the next morning. 23 steamboats, with their cargoes, are destroyed, together valued at $439,500, and insured to the amount of $225,500. The fire extended nearly a mile in length along the Levee, and nearly the same distance, for the width of two squares, through the business part of the city, and the whole or parts of fifteen blocks are consumed. The loss of stocks of goods, &c., will amount to $2,000,000, of which amount nearly $1,500,000 is covered by insurance. The assessors' books show the value of the buildings destroyed to be about $500,000, of which there is insurance to nearly two thirds the value. The whole loss will then be nearly $3,000,000, and the insurance nearly $2,000,000. Several persons are burned to death, or are killed by the explosion of powder used in blowing up buildings to stop the fire.

May 18. Dr. Valorous P. Coolidge, the notorious murderer of Matthews, commits suicide in his cell, in the Thomaston State prison, Me., upon learning that his plans for the murder of Flint, formerly a student in his office, and the main witness against him, by the assistance of a fellow-convict whose sentence was soon about to expire, have become known.

May 21. Maria Edgeworth dies at Edgeworthstown, Ireland, aged 83.

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June. The revolutionary movement in Bavaria and Baden is suppressed by a battle fought by the insurgents under Mierolawski, and the Prussians under General Percker. The insurgents are defeated.

June. - General Haynau supersedes General Welden in the command of the armies employed by Austria against Hungary.

June 11.-M. Ledru Rollin, and 141 members of the Assembly, sign a proposition to impeach the President of France, on account of the expedition against

Rome. Great excitement is manifested (on the 13th) in the streets of Paris, but nothing is done.

June 11-Ancona capitulates to the Austrians, after a destructive bombardment. June 26. The crevasse in the Levee of the Mississippi River, at Sauvé's, is stopped.

June 27. Lat. 59° 49′ N, Long. 29° W., the steamship Europa, on her voyage from Halifax to Liverpool, runs down the American bark Charles Bartlett, and out of 177 persons on board all but 43 perish.

July 2.- An attack is made by a party of four Indians upon a Mr. Russell, of Florida, on Indian River, Fa.; and there is much fear of another Seminole war. July 2.-The city of Rome is surrendered to the French, after an attack of 29 days, and advantages gained by insincere or unauthorized negotiation on the part of the French diplomatic agent. On the 3d, General Oudinot enters, and Garibaldi leaves with from 3,000 to 4,000 men.

July 6.- The Danes besieged by the Schleswig-Holsteiners, in the fort of Frederica, make a resolute sortie, and after an obstinate and sanguinary conflict, the besiegers are driven off with a loss of 3,112 in killed, wounded, and prisoners. July 9. The fortress of Rastadt is bombarded by the Prussians. The insurgents are commanded by Willich.

July 10. An armistice for 12 weeks (with liberty to terminate it in 6 weeks) is agreed upon between Prussia and Denmark.

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July 18. The observations and instruments of the astronomical expedition to the Southern Hemisphere are embarked on board the ship Louis Philippe, at Baltimore, bound for Valparaiso, under charge of Passed Midshipmen Archibald McRae and H. C. Hunter. Lieut. Gilliss, the head of the expedition, goes over land.

July 23. The garrison of Rastadt surrenders unconditionally to the Prussian forces.

July 27.-The Grand Duke of Tuscany reënters his capital, and resumes his authority.

July 28. Charles Albert, late King of Sardinia, dies at Lisbon.

Aug. 1.

The British Parliament is prorogued. During the session (Feb. 1 to Aug. 1), the Commons had held 134 sittings, occupying 922 hours 42 minutes. The Lords, 94 sittings, occupying 257 hours 28 minutes. Aug. 1.-The King of Sardinia opens the Legislative Chamber.

is "moderate," and is warmly greeted.

His speech

Aug. 1. Queen Victoria leaves Cowes, en route for Ireland, where she is received with the most affectionate and overflowing welcome.

Aug. 1..

Ratifications are exchanged of a treaty of peace and commerce between Great Britain and Liberia.

Aug. 2.

The Roman chief, Garibaldi, accompanied by 300 followers, escapes on board some fishing-vessels, at Cesenatico, on the Adriatic. The remainder of his band surrenders itself to the Austrians.

Aug. 2.- Mehemet Ali, Pacha of Egypt, dies at Alexandria, aged 80.
Aug. 3.

General Oudinot surrenders the civil administration of the Papal States into the hands of the Pope's three Commissioners, who enter on the work of "reaction."

A treaty of peace is signed between Austria and Piedmont.

Aug. 6. Aug. 11.. Görgey, to whom the Hungarian Diet had confided its powers, surrenders his army to the Russian general, Rudiger, at Villagos, and the conquest of Hungary is supposed to be certain.

Aug. 11. A proclamation is issued by President Taylor, warning all citizens of the United States against connecting themselves with an armed expedition which it is believed is about to be fitted out in the United States with an intention to invade the island of Cuba, or some of the provinces of Mexico.

Aug. 15. -The house of the Hon. L. H. Lafontaine, the head of the ministry of Canada, at Montreal, is assailed by a mob. Fire-arms are discharged from the building, by which one of the mob is killed, and the rest are driven back.

Aug. 16, 17.--The conventions of the Democratic and the Free Soil parties meet at Rome, New York, and pass resolutions, and adjourn without effecting a union or compromise.

Aug. 18.--The President of France writes to M. Edgar Ney a letter, rebuk

ing the violent reaction at Rome. He says, "I sum up thus the reëstablishment of the temporal power of the Pope;-a general amnesty, the secularization of the administration, the Code Napoleon, and a liberal government." Aug. 20. A large overflow of the Red River does much injury to the cotton and sugar crop. Aug. 21. The National Convention of Inventors meets at Baltimore, and is organized by choosing Horace H. Day, of New York, Chairman, and J. H. Green, of Virginia, Secretary. Aug. 22. Aug. 22.

The Peace Congress opens its sittings at Paris.
Venice capitulates to Marshal Radetsky.

Aug. 24.-The Chamber of Representatives of Hayti, acting upon a petition which had been circulating since August 23 (the previous day), brings in a bill conferring the title and dignity of Emperor upon Faustin Soulouque, the President of Hayti.

Aug. 26.-The Senate of Hayti having this day concurred in the bill of the Chamber of Representatives, Faustin Soulouque submits to the wishes of the people, and is crowned and proclaimed Emperor of Hayti, under the title of Faustin I.

Aug. 30.- The Chamber of Deputies at Turin votes a sum of 100,000 livres to relieve the refugees from different parts of Italy.

Aug. 31. The convention for framing a State constitution for California assembles at Monterey. The number of delegates fixed by the proclamation of Gov. Riley was 37, with such supernumeraries as the increased population in each district might justly demand.

Aug. Don Carlos de España, the Spanish Consul at New Orleans, recognizes in the sum of $5,000, with sureties, to answer to the charge of abducting Juan Francisco Rey, alias Garcia, at the District Court of the United States, in December; and James B. McConnell, Fulgenci Llorente, William Eagle, and Henry Marie, as accessories, recognize in the sum of $2,500 each for their appearance at the same court.

Sept. 1. The deaths registered in London exceed those of any previous week. They are 2,796, of which 1,663 are by cholera and 234 by diarrhoea. The mortality is nearly three times the average of the season.

NOTE. No account is given of the military operations in Hungary from the commencement of the war until the surrender of Görgey, the accounts being too partial and confused to deserve credit.

MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH LINES

In Operation under S. F. B. Morse's Patents, September 1, 1849.

1. New York and Boston Magnetic Telegraph Association. One line. From Boston, via Worcester, Springfield, Enfield, Hartford, New Haven, Bridgeport, New Rochelle, and Harlem, to New York city.

Same line, same company, diverging at Clappville, through Sturbridge and Stafford, to Enfield, where it unites with and follows the route of the first line to New York.

Same company have absorbed the Worcester, Norwich, and New London line, and are putting up a third wire from Boston, to join it at Worcester, and from New London, through Colchester and Middleton, to Meriden, thence pursuing the route of the other two wires to. New York city, -240 miles.

2. Magnetic Telegraph Company. - From New York, up North River, near to West Point; thence down the river to Newark, Princeton, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Havre de Grace, and Baltimore, to Washington, D. C.,- 340 miles.

Same company have a second wire at work, and are completing two more, making four, all on same route.

3. Washington and New Orleans Telegraph Company. - From Washington to New