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SPALDING, John Lancaster, Catholic bishop of Peoria, Ill., b. Lebanon, Ky., 1840. He is actively interested in education and literature. Author of a "Life of Archbishop Spalding," his uncle, 1872; "Essays and Reviews, 1876; America, and Other Poems,' 1885; "The Poet's Praise," 1891; ** Education and the Higher Life," 1891; "Things of the Mind," 1894; Songs, Chiefly from the German, 1896. Bishop Spalding is one of the most refined and imaginative of latter-day meditative poets.

SPALDING, Susan (Marr), b. Bath, Me., 18-. She was educated at a young ladies' seminary. Her parents' death occasioned her removal to the home of relatives in New York, where she married a gentleman of that city. A few years later she made Philadelphia her permanent residence. Author of "The Wings of Icarus, and Other Poems," 1892.

SPINGARN, Joel Elias, Columbia University, Class of 1895.

In a

SPOFFORD, Harriet Elizabeth (Prescott), b. Calais, Me., 1835. She studied at Pinkerton Academy, Derry, N. H. Her father becoming an invalid, she added to her family's scanty income by writing stories for periodicals. Her first story of unusual merit was Cellar," "Atlantic Monthly," 1859. Since her marriage to Richard S. Spofford, she has lived on Deer Island, in the Merrimac River, near Newburyport, Mass. Her works include Sir Rohan's Ghost," 1859; "The Amber Gods, and Other Stories," 1863, which gave her an instant reputation; Azarian,' an episode, 1864; "New England Legends," 1871;"The Thief in the Night," 1872; "Marquis of Carabas," poems, 1882; "Ballads about Authors," 1887; In Titian's Garden, and Other Poems," 1897.

lyrics are familar to all newspaper readers, and are widely popular.

STARR, Hattie, composer, b. Rome, N. Y., 18. She married the late Chas. L. Harris, an actor. Miss Starr is the composer, as well as the verse-maker, of many popular songs. Her "Little Alabama Coon" is perhaps the most notable example of the so-called "coon-songs," a typical class of attempts to revive for the end of the century something of the melody and charm belonging to the earlier songs of the South.

STEBBINS, Mary Elizabeth (Moore) (Hewitt), b. Malden, Mass., 1818; was married to James L. Hewitt, and in 1829 removed to New York. She wrote a "Memorial of F. S. Osgood "Songs of Our Lord, and Other Poems," 1845; "Heroines of History;" "Poems Sacred, Passionate, and Legendary." Her poem · Harold the Valiant" appeared closely upon the date of Longfellow's "Skeleton in Armor," with which it has points of resemblance. The present editor has been unable to determine which lyric has the right of chro nological precedence.

STEDMAN, Edmund Clarence, b. Hartford, Conn., 8 Oct., 1833. (Son of Mrs. E. C. Kinney, q. v.) He entered Yale at the age of fifteen, and took first prize for his poem on "Westminster Abbey," but was suspended for irregularities at the end of his sophomore year. In 1871, he was restored to his class (that of '53) and given the degree of M. A. Edited the Norwich "Tribune" and Winsted "Herald," 1852-55, but in the latter year went to New York. After a temporary connection with Greeley's Tribune where he first printed his Tribune Lyrics" ("Osawatomie Brown," "The Diamond Wedding." etc.) he joined the staff of the N. Y. "World" in 1860, and was its war correspondent, 1861–63. time he served in Washington under Lincoln's attorney general, Edward Bates. In 1864 he aided in the construction and financiering of the first section of the first Pacific Railway. This led him into Wall Street, and, desiring to have time and means for strictly literary work, he there remained from 1864; becoming, 1869, an active member of the Stock Exchange, and holding his seat until 1900. Among his works are "Poems Lyric and Idyllic," 1860; Alice of Monmouth," 1863 ; The Blameless Prince," 1869; "Victorian Poets," 1875 (London 1876);

For a

Hawthorne, and Other Poems," 1877; "Lyrics and Idylls" (London), 1879; "Poems, Household Edition," 1884; "Poets of America," ," 1885; “The Nature and Elements of Poetry "(lectures forming the initial course of the Turnbull Chair of Poetry, Johns Hopkins Univ.), 1892; "Poems Now First Collected," 1897; Complete Poems," 1908. From 1866 he worked for international copyright, and he became president of the American Copyright League in 1891. He re-delivered his lectures on poetry at the University of Pennsylvania, and at Columbia University, and received from

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Columbia the degree of L. H. D. In 1894 Yale gave him the degree of LL. D., and he wrote the

Commencement Ode," set to imposing music by Prof. Parker and sung at Yale on stated occasions. He edited "A Library of American Literature," with Ellen M. Hutchinson, 1888-89; The Works of Edgar Allan Poe," with G. E. Woodherry, 1895; "A Victorian Anthology," 1895. The present Anthology completes a critical series begun in "Victorian Poets." (D. 18 January, 1908.) [L. c. B.]

STEIN, Evaleen, b. LaFayette, Ind., 18—, where she still resides. Besides poetic contributions to various periodicals and her children's stories of old Provence, Miss Stein has published "One Way to the Woods," 1897, a collection of lyrics showing a very genuine gift. "STERNE, STUART."- See Gertrude

Bloede.

STETSON, Charlotte (Perkins), socialist, b. Hartford, Conn., 186-. Great-granddaughter of Lyman Beecher. Much of her time has been given to lecturing on various reforms. Mrs. Stetson received the gold medal of the Alameda Country Trades and Labor Union for an essay on "The Labor Movement," and is the author of "Woman and Economics." "In this our World," verse, was published in 1893. STETSON, Grace Ellery Channing. - See Mrs. Channing-Stetson.

STODDARD, Charles Warren, b. Rochester, N. Y., 1843. When a boy he received encouragement from Bret Harte, who edited his first book of verse. Some of his life since 1864 has been spent in the Hawaiian Islands. From 1873 to 1878 he visited many countries as correspondent of the San Francisco "Chronicle." He was professor of English literature at Notre Dame College, Ind., and is now a lecturer on English literature at the Catholic University, Washington, D. C. Author of "Poems," 1867; "South Sea Idyls," 1873; "Summer Cruising in the South Seas," 1874; "Mashallah!" 1880; "The Lepers of Molokai," 1885. The first selection from Mr. Stoddard's verse, p. 445, is a poem delivered on the reception by the Bohemian Club of a royal mummy from the tombs of Egypt.

STODDARD, Elizabeth Drew (Barstow), b. Mattapoisett, Mass., 6 May, 1823. Her father was connected with shipping interests. Mrs. Stoddard was educated at a young ladies' seminary. She was married to Richard Henry Stoddard, the poet, in 1851, and since then has resided in New York City. She began to contribute poems to the periodicals a few years after her marriage. In 1862 the first of her highly original novels, "The Morgesons," appeared, followed by Two Men," 1865, and "Temple House," 1867. They were reissued in 1888, with an introduction by the editor of this work. Her collected "Poems were published in 1895. A series of articles giving her recollections of Literary Folk as They Came and Went, with Ourselves," appeared in the Saturday Evening Post" of Philadelphia, 1900. (D. New York, N. Y., 1 Aug., 1902.)

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STODDARD, Richard Henry, poet and journalist, b. Hingham, Mass., 2 July, 1825. His father was a sea-captain, and was lost at sea; his mother removed to New York in 1835, and there re-married. The son obtained his education at the public schools of that city, and sought work in an iron foundry, which he continued until 1849, supplementing his earlier studies by reading the best authors, and more particularly poetry. He made friends with Bayard Taylor, just after the publication of the latter's Views Afoot." Mrs. Caroline Kirkland was then editing the "Union Magazine," and going abroad in 1847, she left the magazine in Mr. Taylor's charge, and recommended Mr. Stoddard to him. Stoddard's first poem appeared in this magazine, and in 1849 he issued a small volume of verse, "Footprints," the edition of which was afterwards suppressed. Failing health having obliged him to give up his occupation at the foundry, he devoted himself altogether to literary work. He became a contributor to the Knickerbocker" and other leading magazines; and his second volume, Poems, was published in 1852, containing Leonatus," "The Witch's Whelp," and other poems, which brought him into much favor. He had become acquainted with Read, Boker, and other prominent authors of Philadelphia, Boston, and New York, and visited Hawthorne at Concord, with James T. Fields and Edwin P. Whipple, in the summer of 1852. In 1852, also, he married Miss Elizabeth Barstow, of Mattapoisett, Mass. The following year, with the assistance of Hawthorne, he obtained a position in the New York custom-house, which he held until 1870, having found that the literary market of that time gave returns that needed supplementing by another means of support. The poems contained in "Songs of Summer," 1857, had appeared in " Putnam's

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Monthly" and other periodicals, and this book marked a new phase in American poetry, wholly devoted as it was to beauty and feeling, and not to didactics or reform. Mr. Stoddard was literary editor of the N. Y. "World" from 1860 to 1870. "The King's Bell," a narrative poem, appeared in 1863, as also the grandly phrased Abraham Lincoln: a Horatian Ode," 1865; and these confirmed his reputation. They were followed by "The Book of the East," 1867. From 1859 to 1861 the Stoddards and Taylors occupied the same house in New York, and in the former year their long friendship with the editor of the present work began. In 1872, Stoddard became editor of "The Aldine," a New York literary journal, which he managed for several years. From 1880 to the present time he has been literary editor of the N. Y. "Mail and Express." His studies in early and recent English poetry, which have made him a leading authority on this subject, have taken shape in several volumes. The Loves and Heroines of the Poets," 1861, is of biographical, critical, and descriptive character. He edited "Melodies and Madrigals, mostly from the Old English Poets," 1865, and selections from "The Late English Poets," 1865. More recently he has edited, with W. J. Linton, " English Verse," in five volumes, 1883; and a volume of his essays, chiefly concerning modern English poets, has been published as Under the Evening Lamp,' 1892. Mr. Stoddard also edited the enlarged edition of Griswold's "Poets and Poetry of America and Female Poets of America," 1872-73, and wrote a Memoir of Poe for the reissue of Griswold's edition of the "Select Works." 1880. He prepared the monographs on Bryant, Irving, Shelley, and other authors, and edited the "Bric-a-Brac" series, in ten volumes, 1874-76. A collective edition of his

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Poems" appeared in 1880. His later poetry is mostly contained in "The Lion's Cub, with Other Verse," 1890. He delivered, before the Army of the Potomac, at Springfield, Mass., a poem entitled "The Victories of Peace" in 1878, and the same year recited his poem History," before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Harvard. Mr. Stoddard was the guest of the Authors Club, assisted by members of the Century Association, at New York, at a brilliant dinner given in his honor on March 26, 1897. His voice was as lyrical, and his touch as fine and strong as ever, despite the years that weighed upon him. The poem of "The Witch's Whelp,' p. 279, was written as a companion piece to, and at the same time with, Bayard Taylor's Ariel," p. 271. Cp. "Poets of America," pp. 57, 58, 403, and "The Nature and Elements of Poetry," p. 252. (D. New York, N. Y., 12 May, 1903.)

STORY, William Wetmore, sculptor, b. Salem, Mass., 12 Feb., 1819; d. Vallombrosa, near Florence, Italy, 7 Oct., 1895. He was a son of Justice Joseph Story, of the U. S. Supreme Court. Graduating at Harvard, and entering the bar, he was occupied with legal work until 1848, preparing several volumes

of law books; but in that year he abandoned his profession, and thereafter making his residence in Rome, devoted himself to sculpture, in which art he gained a leading position. Mr. Story's Poems" appeared in 1847, and was followed by numerous volumes of poetry, fiction, and essays. Among his poems Cleopatra" is perhaps the best known. His books include Life and Letters of Joseph Story," 1851; Roba di Roma," prose, 1862; "Graffiti d'Italia," poems, 1868; Nero: an Histor ical Play," 1875; He and She; or a Poet's Portfolio," 1883; " Fiammetta," a novel, 1885; "Poems," 1886; Conversations in a Studio," 1890; and Excursions in Art and Letters," essays, 1891.

STOWE, Mrs. Harriet Elizabeth Beecher, b. Litchfield, Conn., 14 June, 1812; d. Hartford, Conn., 1 July, 1896. Before removing to Cincinnati with her father, Lyman Beecher, in 1832, she studied and taught in her sister Catherine's school at Hartford. In 1836 she was married to the Rev. Calvin E. Stowe, of Lane Seminary. Having strong anti-slavery opinions, they received fugitives in their home, and were close observers of slavery in the Southern States. In 1849 Mrs. Stowe published The Mayflower, or Short Sketches of the Descendants of the Pilgrims." "Uncle Tom's Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly," first appeared, as a serial, in the Washington "National Era," in 1851; in 1852 it was issued in book-form, and by the end of the year, it is said, its sale on both sides of the water had amounted to more than a million copies. "A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin" and "A Peep for Children into Uncle Tom's Cabin " appeared in 1853. After her first visit to Europe, where she was received with great distinction, she published, with her husband, two volumes of travel, Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands," 1854. Among later works by this world-famous woman are Dred, a Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp," 1856; The Minister's Wooing," 1859; "The Pearl of Orr's Island," 1862: Agnes of Sorrento," 1862 ; •Religious Poems," 1865; Men of our Times," 1868; "Lady Byron Vindicated, a History of the Byron Controversy," 1869; "Pink and White Tyranny," 1871;"Palmetto Leaves," 1873; Footsteps of the Master." 1876; Poganue People," 1878; A Dog's Mission," 1881.

STREET, Alfred Billings, b. Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1811; d. Albany, N. Y.. 1881. For thirty-three years librarian of New York State. Author of "The Burning of Schenectady, and Other Poems," 1842; "Drawings and Tintings," poems, 1844; Fugitive Poems," 1846; Frontenac, or the Atotarho of the Iroquois, a Metrical Romance," celebrating the expedition of Frontenac, governor-general of Canada, against the Iroquois; London and New York, 1849; "Forest Pictures in the Adirondacks," 1865.

SUTPHEN, William Gilbert van Tassel,

SWIFT, Frances Dorr. -See F. D. S. Tatnall.

TABB, John Banister, b. Amelia Co., Va., 1845. A Catholic priest, instructor in English literature in St. Charles College, Ellicott City, Md. He served as captain's mate on a blockaderunner in the Civil War; was ordained in 1884, and has published "Poems," 1894; "Lyrics," 1897; An Octave to Mary." A revised edition of his poems is soon to appear. Father Tabb's lyrics are marked by exquisite beauty, point, and finish, and have won him a deserved reputation.

TAPPAN, William Bingham, b. Beverly, Mass., 1794; d. West Needham, Mass., 1849. Was engaged for a large part of his life as a general agent of the American Sunday School Union in Cincinnati and Boston. Several volumes of his poems were published, largely devotional in character.

TASSIN, Algernon, Harvard University, Class of 1892.

TATNALL, Frances Dorr (Swift), b. Newark, N. J., 187-. Since 1889 she has been a resident of Wilmington. Del., where she was married, in 1897, to H. L. Tatnall, Jr. Her song Art Thou the Same " was set to music by her mother.

TAYLOR, Bayard, b. Kennett Square, Penn., 11 Jan., 1825; d. Berlin, Germany, 19 Dec., 1878. It is impossible to give an adequate account in condensed form of this nomadic and eventful life, with its constantly shifting background. Reared in a little Quaker town, his two great ambitions as a child, both destined to be realized, were to become a poet and to travel. He was seven years old when he wrote his first verse, and the first published poem appeared in the "Saturday Evening Post," 1841, a "Soliloquy of a Young Poet." Ximen; or the Battle of the Sierra Morena, and Other Poems, by James Bayard Taylor,' appeared in 1844. The restless desire for travel overcame him in this year, and he went to Europe, where he tramped about for nearly two years on foot and in the face of great privation. He afterwards published "Views Afoot; Europe seen with Knapsack and Staff," which brought him ample reward for his endurance. In 1848 he became chief of the literary department of the New York "Tribune." His reputation began, and increased, and he found many friends and plenty to do. His vivacity and humor as well as his genius won the public heart. In 1849 he sailed to California, where he spent five months, sharing the hardships of the gold-diggers. The record of his journey appeared under the title "Eldorado," etc. In

or

July he read "The American Legend" before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Cambridge, where it was received with marked favor. In October he married Miss Mary Agnew, whom he had loved since childhood. She was incurably ill, and died two months after their marriage. He sailed for Europe in 1851, and shortly after his departure A Book of Romances, Lyrics, and Songs" was published. He journeyed into the East, and his letters to the Tribune" brought fame to him at home. During his life he published many books of travel, and was in constant demand in the lecture halls. In 1856 he broke down from overwork, and in July sailed again for Europe with his brother and sisters. He was everywhere received with distinction, but especially in Germany. Here he met Miss Marie Hansen, daughter of the astronomer, Prof. Hansen, and they were married in Gotha, 1857. In 1859 he was able to establish his well-known home, Cedarcroft," in a broad-acred tract within his native town. But his life was a series of long travellings and trips abroad, letters and other contributions to the press, and innumerable lecture tours. The amount of work that he produced, in spite of this constant change and activity, seems almost incredible, but much of his prose was done with facile speed. His novels and poetry, however, were the result of careful and critical labor. His position in the literary world was enviable, and his friends were the most cultured men the country has produced. In 1862 he became secretary to the legation in Russia. The year following he published a novel,“ Hannah Thurston," which was followed by John Godfrey's Fortunes," 1864, and "The Story of Kennett," 1866. In 1870 his translation of Goethe's "Faust" appeared, and nearly the entire first edition was sold in one day. His other poetical work includes Rhymes of Travel, Ballads, and Poems," 1848; "Poems of the Orient," 1854; "Poems of Bayard Taylor," 1864; Poems," 1865; "Picture of St. John," 1866; "The Masque of the Gods," 1872; Lars, a Pastoral of Norway." 1873; The Prophet," 1874; "Prince Deukalion,"1878. In 1878 he went to Germany as United States minister, eagerly intending, also, to complete his researches for a "Life of Goethe," which he had long projected, and was above all others fitted to write. But he soon fell ill, and suffered great pain, which he bore with courage for many days until his death. His widow has devoted herself to the re-editing of his "Works," and also wrote with H. E. Scudder his "Life and Letters," 1884. For an account of Taylor and his time, cp. "Poets of America," chap. xi. [B. D. L.]

TAYLOR, Charles Edward, Trinity College, Class of 1892.

TAYLOR, Joseph Russell, educator, b. Circleville, O., 1868. His poems have not yet been collected.

THAXTER, Mrs. Celia (Laighton), b. Portsmouth, N. H., 1836; d. Appledore Island,

N. H., 29 June, 1894. Her father was keeper of the lighthouse on the Isles of Shoals, where much of her life was spent, both before and after her marriage to Levi Lincoln Thaxter, the Browning scholar. Her works include Among the Isles of Shoals," 1873, papers published in The Atlantic Monthly; "Poems," 1874, with later enlarged editions; "Drift-Weed," 1878; "Poems for Children," 1883; "The Cruise of the Mystery, and Other Poems," 1886; "The Yule Log," 1889; "An Island Garden," 1894; "Letters," and Stories and Poems for Children," 1895. Mrs. Thaxter was something of an artist, and chiefly illustrated her own books in water-color for friends and collectors.

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THAYER, Stephen Henry, b. New Ipswich, N. H., Dec., 1839. He attended Appleton Academy, N. H., and after removing to Tarrytown, N. Y., became a banker in New York City. He has published "Songs of Sleepy Hollow," 1886, and is a frequent contributor of verse and critical essays to the current press.

THAYER, William Roscoe, historian, b. Boston, Mass., 1859. He graduated at Harvard University, and was for several years instructor there in English. Editor of The Harvard Graduates' Magazine" since its foundation, in 1892. His volumes of verse include The Confession of Hermes, and Other Poems," 1884; Hesper," an American drama, 1888 ; "Poems, New and Old," 1894. Mr. Thayer has made modern Italy the field of his important historical works and studies.

THOMAS, Charles Edward, Yale University, Class of 1897.

THOMAS, Edith Matilda, b. Chatham, O., 12 Aug., 1854. She had written but little for publication when in 1881 she met Mrs. Helen Jackson. The latter showed a keen interest in Miss Thomas's poetical work, and encouraged her to write for the public. Her poems, by turns strong and delicate, and always exquisitely finished, at once came into favor. As a prose writer, her sketches of nature, bird life, etc., have been of high order, and touched with a quality all her own, while other essays reveal the sympathy for the antique, -the classicism that has so refined and chastened the beauty of her verse. Her place is secure among the truest living poets of our English tongue. Since 1888 she has lived in New York City. Among her best-known volumes in prose are

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The Round Year," 1886; "Children of the Seasons" series, 1888; "Babes of the Year," 1888; "Babes of the Nation," 1889; "Heaven and Earth," 1889. Her poems are contained chiefly in "A New Year's Mask," 1885; "Lyrics and Sonnets," 1887; "The Inverted Torch," 1890; "Fair Shadow Land," 1893; In Sunshine Land," 1894; "In the Young World," 1895; A Winter Swallow, and other Verse," 1896.

THOMAS, Frederick William, lawyer and journalist, b. Providence, R. I., 1808; d. Wash

ington, D. C., 1866. He grew up in Charleston, S. C., and removed to Cincinnati, O., where he published "The Emigrant," poem, 1833; the novels, "Clinton Bradshaw," 1835; East and West," 1836;" Howard Pinckney," 1840; "The Beechen Tree, and Other Poems,` 1840; "Sketches of Character," 1849; John Randolph of Roanoke," 1853.

THOMPSON, James Maurice, b. Fairfield, Ind., 9 Sept., 1844. His early life was passed in Kentucky and Georgia. He served in the Confederate army, and after the_war practised law at Crawfordsville, Ind. From 1885 to 1889 he was state geologist of Indiana. In 1890 he joined the literary staff of the N. Y. Independent.' Among his writings are Hoosier Mosaics,' 1875; "A Tallahassee Girl," novel, 1882; "Songs of Fair Weather," 1883; Byways and Bird-notes," 1885; “Syl van Secrets in Bird-Songs and Brooks," 1887

The Story of Louisiana," 1888; Poems, 1892; The Ocala Boy," 1895; "Lincoln's Grave," poem. Mr. Thompson stood at the head of our poetic celebrants of forest archery, fishing, and other outdoor sports. His critical writings exhibit independence and a sense of what should characterize American literature. D. Crawfordsville, Ind., 15 Feb., 1901.

THOMPSON, John Randolph, journalist, b. Richmond, Va., 23 Oct., 1823; d. New York, N. Y., 30 April, 1873. He graduated at the University of Virginia, and studied for the law. In 1847 he assumed the editorship of the "Southern Literary Messenger," which he held until 1859, during which period he made this magazine a notable success, and promoted the interests of literature in the South. In the last years of his life he was literary editor of the New York "Evening Post." He contributed much verse to American and English periodicals, including some popular lyrics, but his poems have not been issued in book-form.

THOMPSON, Vance, b. 1862, of English parentage. After a boyhood in Pittsburgh, Penn., he graduated at Princeton and studied at German universities. Has since resided chiefly in New York, engaged as a journalist and playwright. Founded and edited 'Mille New York," an illustrated town-fortnightly. Among his plays are "In Old Japan; The Dresden Shepherdess; Floriane's Dream." Author of Songs and Symbols," 1900; "French Por traits: Being Appreciations of the Writers of Young France," 1900.

THOMPSON, Will Henry, lawyer, b. Calhoun, Gordon Co., Ga., 1848. A brother of Maurice Thompson, and his comrade in the sports of outdoor life. Served in Confederate army through the war. Removed to Crawfordsville, Ind., in 1868, and later established there a law partnership with his brother. Became a resident of Seattle, Wash., in 1889. Noted as an orator, and the author of various poems, among which is a strong ballad, “The High Tide at Gettysburg."