Religion and MoralityRodopi, 1995 - 188 стор. Religion and Morality seeks to answer two fundamental questions regarding the relation between religion and morality. The first is the puzzle posed by Socrates, the so-called 'Euthyphro dilemma', which asks: is morality valuable by virtue of its intrinsic importance and worth, or is morality valuable because, and only because, God approves it and commands us to follow its dictates? The second question is raised by Kierkegaard in Fear and Trembling. He asks: Is a conflict between religion and morality possible? Does God ever demand that we neglect our moral commitments? The discussion on these questions is divided into three parts. In the first two parts, we discuss the idea that morality depends on religion. The authors distinguish two types of dependence: strong dependence, according to which the very existence, or validity, of moral obligations depends on God's command, and weak dependence, according to which though morality itself is independent of God, God (or belief in God) is necessary to enable human beings to know their moral duties and to carry them out. The authors reject the strong dependence thesis, as well as most versions of the weak dependence. The third part of the book discusses different versions of the view that religion might conflict with morality. The authors reject this view, and show that very few religious thinkers would follow it all the way through to its ultimate consequences. The book has implications for the philosophy of religion, in its emphasis on the centrality of the moral element in religion, and for moral philosophy, in its highlighting, among other things, of the nature of moral judgments. |
Зміст
| 1 | |
Divine Command as the Essential Property of Morality | 31 |
Divine Command Morality Moral | 39 |
Religious Truths as Entailing Moral | 62 |
Introduction | 81 |
The Dependence of Moral Activity | 94 |
47 | 100 |
Some Problems in Empirical Research | 109 |
Introduction | 117 |
55 | 122 |
Religion Moral Autonomy and Moral | 139 |
Notes | 165 |
| 178 | |
About the Authors | 185 |
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Abraham action Adams approach argues argument assume assumption atheists believers claim Compare concept conflict between religion conflict thesis contingent DCM's dependence thesis depends on religion Descartes determines morality dilemma discussion divine command Divine Command Theory entails epistemic dependence ethical Euthyphro dilemma existence explicitly faith formulated genuine conflict God's command God's property Hence human ibid idea Idziak imitatio Dei implies instance justified Kant Kantian Kierkegaard knight of faith Leibowitz meaning meta-ethical moderate versions moral activity moral autonomy moral considerations moral intention moral judgments moral knowledge moral obligations moral perfection moral realm moral truth moral value moral wrongness morality depends motivated nature necessarily necessary condition normative conflict notion of God's obedience object option Pailin philosophical possible worlds problem question Quinn rational reject relation religion and morality religious intuition Saadia Gaon sacrifice Isaac sacrifice of Isaac Sagi strong dependence suggested theological theory Torah utilitarians weak dependence worship