1433. Wars between the O'Neils and O'Donnels.

1438. Statutes against absentees. The sixth Earl of Desmond marries Catharine McCormac, and is expelled from his estates by his uncle.

1439. Fitzstephen's moiety of the kingdom of Cork granted

to the seventh Earl of Desmond.

1449. Richard, Duke of York, Lord Lieutenant.

1450. Risings in Westmeath. 1454. Duke of York appointed Pro

tector.

1455. First battle of St. Albans. 1459. The fight at Blore Heath. The panic at Ludlow and flight of the Yorkists. Duke of York takes refuge in Ireland.

1460. Battle of Wakefield.

Battle of Towton.
Foundation of New Abbey,
Naas, by Sir Rowland
Eustace.

Foundation of the Franciscan
friary, Enniscorthy, by
Donald Kavenagh.

EDWARD IV., 1461-1483.

1461. The eighth Earl of Desmond founds the College of Youghal.

1465. Foundation of a monastery at Glenarm, Co. Antrim, by Robert Bissett.

Foundation of a Franciscan
monastery at Kilcrea,
Co. Cork, by McCarthy
Mor.

1467. The Earl of Desmond is charged with treason, and executed.

1472. Institution of the brotherhood of St. George.

1478. Gerald, eighth Earl of Kil. dare, Lord Deputy for fourteen years.

EDWARD V., 1483.

RICHARD III., 1483-1485.

1484. Foundation of the Augus tinian friary at Naas.

HENRY VII., 1485-1509.

1487. Lambert Simnel crowned in Dublin.

Kildare suspected of treason.
Battle of Stoke.

1488. Kildare is pardoned.
1489. Fighting in Desmond.
Fighting in Ulster.

1490. Perkin Warbeck arrives in Cork.

1492. Fall of Kildare.

1494. Sir Edward Poynings Lord Deputy.

Crushes the adherents of
Warbeck.

Parliament at Drogheda,
Poynings' Act.

1496. Arrest of Kildare.

He is pardoned and made
Lord Deputy, and governs
Ireland till 1513.

1497. Warbeck again in Ireland. Fighting between the natives and the Bourkes of Connaught.

Battle of Knocktow.

HENRY VIII., 1509-1547.

1513. Death of Kildare-His son is elected Lord Justice in

his room.

A.D.

1515. Wolsey created a Cardinal and made Lord Chancellor.

1516. Feuds in Desmond.

Feuds in the Ormonde family.
Feuds between Ormonde and
Kildare, and Ormonde and
Desmond.

1519. Kildare summoned to London.

He marries a daughter of the
Marquis of Dorset.

1520. He is present at the Field of the Cloth of Gold.

1521. Risings in Leix and Offaly. 1523. Kildare returns.

Wolsey begins a visitation of the English monasteries. 1524. Desmond holds a treasonable correspondence with Francis I. of France. Kildare Lord Deputy. He

is ordered to arrest Desmond, and fails to do so. 1526. Kildare again summoned to England, and lodged in the tower.

He is released on bail. 1527. Henry raises the question of the divorce.

1528. Rising of O'Connor of Offaly. He captures Lord Delvin, the Lord Deputy.

1529. Desmond's treasonable correspondence with Chas. V. His death.

A.D.

1535. Skeffington captures Maynooth.

Flight of Lord Thomas-Sub-
mission of O'Connor.
Lord Thomas surrenders.
Act of Supremacy (English).
Thomas Cromwell appointed
Vicar General.

1536. Lord Leonard Gray Lord Deputy.

Suppression of the lesser monasteries (English).

1537. Lord Thomas Fitzgerald and his five uncles executed. Lord Leonard Gray's cam

paign in Limerick.
He destroys O'Brien's bridge.
The supremacy supported in
Ireland by Archbishop
Brown, and opposed by
Archbishop Cromer.
The proctors are expelled
from Parliament.

Act of Supremacy (Irish). Act for Suppression of Religious Houses (Irish). 1538. Destruction of relics, etc. 1539. Dissolution of the greater monasteries (English).

Law of the Six Articles.
Lord Leonard Gray's expedi-
tion into Ulster.

Battle of Belahoe.

His campaign in Munster. Commission for the suppression of religious houses. 1540. Sir Anthony St. Leger negotiates with the chieftains. Submission of the Irish chief

tains and Anglo-Irish lords. Distribution of Church lands. 1541. Title of King of Ireland conferred on Henry.

1542. Submission of O'Neil and O'Donnel.

1544. Irish contingent present at the siege of Boulogne. General peace in Ireland.

kenny.

Is murdered by the McDonnels.

Turlough Luinagh becomes "the O'Neil."

Sidney makes a progress through Munster and Connaught.

He arrests Desmond, and his
brother, Sir John, and the
sons of the Earl of Clanri-
carde.

Murder of Darnley; Mary
Queen of Scots marries
Bothwell.

She is compelled to abdicate. 1568. She takes refuge in England. Scheme for planting Desmond.

Sir Peter Carew claims estates in Cork and Carlow.

A. D.

1568. Insurrection in the Netherlands begins.

Rising of Sir James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald; Lord Clancarty; and Sir Edmund Sir Piers and Sir Edward Butler in Munster. 1569. Attainder of O'Neil and confiscation of his Ulster territory.

Ormonde detaches his brothers from the Munster insurgents.

Sir Edward Fitton President of Connaught.

1570. Rising of the Bourkes.

Sir James Fitzmaurice captures Kilmallock.

Ormonde reduces Munster. Pope Pius V. releases Elizabeth's subjects from their allegiance.

Sir Thomas Smith endeavours to make a plantation in Down.

1571. Sir John Perrot hunts Fitzmaurice into the vale of Aberlow.

1572. Clanricarde is liberated and Connaught pacified.

Surrender of Sir James Fitzmaurice.

Massacre of St. Bartholomew. 1573. Walter Devereux, Earl of Essex, obtains a grant of territory in Ulster, and endeavours to make a plantation.

1574. Massacre of Rathlin Island. Escape of the Earl of Desmond from Dublin. 1575. The Netherlanders offer the sovereignty to Elizabeth. 1576. Death of Essex.

Sir William Drury President of Munster.

Sir Nicholas Malley President of Connaught.

1577. Sidney levies illegal taxes on the Pale.

A.D.

1577. Remonstrance of the loyal English.

Rory O'Moore the outlaw in
Leix and Kildare.
Massacre of Mullaghmast.

1579. Sir James Fitzmaurice lands at Smerwick.

Rising of the southern Geraldines.

Death of Sir James Fitz-
maurice.

Successes of the rebels.
Death of Sir William Drury.
Desmond joins the rebels.
Youghal is burned.

1580. Campion and Parsons the Jesuits in England.

Campaign of Ormonde and
Sir William Pelham in
Munster.

Risings in Wicklow.

Lord Gray de Wilton defeated at Glenmalure.

The Spaniards land at Smer-
wick.

Lord Gray's campaign in
Munster.

Massacre of the Spaniards.
Risings in the Pale.

Executions in Dublin.

1581. Death of Dr. Saunders the Pope's legate.

1582. Death of Sir John and Sir James of Desmond. Suppression of the Munster rebellion.

1583. Death of Desmond. 1585. Treaty between Elizabeth and the Netherlanders.

1586. Attainder of the Munster rebels and confiscation of their estates.

Plantation of Munster.

Seizure of Red Hugh.

1587. Execution of Mary Queen of Scots.

1588. Destruction of the Spanish Armada.

Arrest of Sir John O'Dogherty and Sir Owen McToole.

A.D.

1589. Confiscation of Monaghan. 1591. Tyrone marries Bagnal's sis

ter.

1592. Escape of Red Hugh. 1595. Confederation of the Ulster chieftains.

Death of Turlough Luinagh

-Tyrone assumes the title of the O'Neil.

1597. Fighting on the Blackwater. Anarchy in Connaught. Death of Lord Burgh.

1598. Blockade of the Blackwater fort.

Battle of the Yellow Ford.
General rising - The Sugan
Earl in Munster.

1599. Lord Essex arrives with a large army.

His campaign in Munster.
Concludes a truce with Ty-

rone.

Is recalled.

1600. Mountjoy Lord Deputy-He reforms the army.

Sir George Carew president
of Munster.

Sir Henry Docra occupies
Derry.

1601. Capture of the Sugan Earl. Arrival of the Spaniards at Kinsale.

Battle of Kinsale.

1602. Flight of O'Donnel.

Carew reduces Munster. Famine brought on by the wholesale destruction of the crops.

1603. Tyrone surrenders. Death of Elizabeth.

JAMES I., 1600-1625.

1603. The Popish clergy ordered to leave Ireland.

Peace concluded with Spain. 1605. Abolition of the laws of Tanistry and gavelkind. The Gunpowder Plot.

A.D.

1607. Flight of Tyrone and Tyrconnel.

1608. Rising of Sir Cahir O'Dogherty.

Confiscation of six counties in

Ulster.

1610. Abolition of the Brehon law. 1611. Persecution of Roman Catholics.

The plantation of Ulster. Creation of the order of baronets.

1612. The plantation of Wexford. 1613. Parliament summoned-Creation of boroughs.

1614. Attainder of Tyrone and the Ulster chieftains.

Repeal of the old statutes against the Irish.

1619. Plantation of Longford and Ely O'Carroll.

Plantation of Westmeath. 1622. Plantation of Leitrim and parts of King's and Queen's Counties.

1624. War declared with Spain. Transplantation of native septs to Kerry.

Confiscations in Wicklow. Projected planting of Connaught.

CHARLES I., 1625-1649.

1626. Composition made by the Connaught landowners. "The graces" promised. 1628. The petition of right supported by Wentworth and Pym. Wentworth is made president of the North.

Charles's third Farliament is disssolved-Sir John Eliot sent to the tower.

1632-1630. Compilation of the "Annals of Ireland " by the "four mas

ters.