CHAPTER XXV. Of the Competition of different Countries in the same Market. when peculiar to certain branches of industry, 4. - but not when common to all, 1. Introductory Remarks,. 2. Tendency of the progress of society towards increased com- CHAPTER II. Influence of the Progress of Industry and Population on Values and Prices. § 1. Tendency to a decline of the value and cost of production of CHAPTER III. Influence of the Progress of Industry and Population on Rents, Profits, and Wages. 1. First case; population increasing, capital stationary, . 2. Second case; capital increasing, population stationary, 3. Third case; population and capital increasing equally, the arts of production stationary, 4. Fourth case; the arts of production progressive, capital and CHAPTER IV. Of the Tendency of Profits to a Minimum. § 1. Doctrine of Adam Smith on the competition of capital, 3. What determines the minimum rate of profit, 4. In opulent countries, profits habitually near to the minimum, 6. 7. 8. by the importation of cheap necessaries and instruments, - § 1. Abstraction of capital not necessarily a national loss, 327 CHAPTER VI. Of the Stationary State. § 1. Stationary state of wealth and population, dreaded and CHAPTER VII. On the probable Futurity of the Labouring Classes. 341 346 3. Probable effects of improved intelligence in causing a better 5. Examples of the association of labourers with capitalists, - 394 5. The increase of the rent of land from natural causes a fit 6. A land tax, in some cases, not taxation, but a rent-charge in CHAPTER III. Of Direct Taxes. CHAPTER IV. Of Taxes on Commodities. 1. A Tax on all Commodities would fall on profits, - 4. how modified by the tendency of profits to a minimum, 5. Effects of discriminating duties, 6. Effects produced on international exchange by duties on ex- § 1. Arguments for and against direct taxation, CHAPTER VIII. Of the Ordinary Functions of Govern- ment considered as to their Economical Effects. § 1. Effects of imperfect security of person and property, 3. Effects of imperfection in the system of the laws, and in the 3. Attempts to regulate the prices of commodities, 5. Laws against Combination of Workmen, 6. Restraints on opinion or on its publication, . CHAPTER XI. Of the Grounds and Limits of the Laisser faire or Non-Interference Principle. § 1. Governmental intervention distinguished into authoritative 2. Objections to government intervention—the compulsory increase of the power and influence of government, |