My objection, then, to Wallace's treatment would be that he has taken no cognizance of these absorption (and reflected) colours; whereas it appears to me possible to interpret a large number of my experimental results only on the assumption that many colours are due to "absorption," and belong to Class 2 c. And in thus speaking I have especially in view the very "unsatisfactory" (to repeat my previous designation) colours -black, brown, grey, and such like. For the rest, reflection colours (Class 2b) will, as already pointed out, include all the whites and silvers, and metallic colours generally. Class 2 a (interference colours) includes some blues, metallic greens, &c. Reds are entirely pigment colours; so probably are yellows, though we have some knotty points to settle here, as will have been observed, no doubt, by any of my readers that have examined in detail the tables of results. Greens, too, and chestnuts, and (some ?) blues, are also pigment colours.

(To be continued.)

AN ADDITION TO THE PLUSIIDÆ OF BRITAIN.
BY RICHARD SOUTH.

(PLATE III. FIG. 6.)

PLUSIA MONETA.

Noctua moneta, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii. 162; Hübn. Eur. Schmett. fig. 289; Dup. Lép. Fr. vii. pl. 139, fig. 2; Frey. Beit. ii. pl. 71.

Noctua flavago (Argyritis, text), Esp. Schmett. iv. 218, pl. 112, fig. 1.

Noctua napelli, Vill. Ent. Linn. p. 347, pl. v. fig. 21.

Polychrysia moneta, Hübn. Verz. Schmett. p. 251, No. 2492. Plusia moneta, Treit. Schmett. v. 3, 158; Guen. Noct. ii. p.

332, No. 1146; Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. p. 889; Staud. Cat. p. 125, No. 1764; Kirby, Eur. Butt. & Moths, p. 261; Hofm. Gross.-Schmett. Eur. p. 111.

Expanse, 1 in. 9 lines. Fore wings pale golden tinged with grey; transverse lines and venation on the disc, brown; the costal half of central third suffused with brown; first line double, curved and indented at the median nervure, second line starts obliquely from the costa, then turns inwards and forms a series of curves to the inner margin; between these lines is a narrow brown band which is angulated at the 2nd median nervule; before the apex is a brown oblique streak from costa to outer margin, where it terminates in a broader longitudinal dash of the same colour; below this brown dash is a broad stripe of pale brown, with a few black dots between the nervules; beyond, the outer margin is tinged with violet. In the central area is a silvery ring, separated by the median nervure from a larger curved mark of the same colour; this last is intersected by the 1st median nervule, and both have a yellowish tinge. Hind wings pale brown, suffused with fuscous,

especially on the outer third; lunule and central line blackish, but the former is not always distinct. Fringes pale brown preceded by a dark line.

One example taken in Sussex by Mr. Christy, who found it in his moth-trap on the 2nd of July last (Entom. 254).

Kirby says the larva is grass-green with white dots, a dark line down the back, and a white one along the sides. Feeds on monkshood (Aconitum napellus) from autumn to June. Guenée remarks that DeVillers found a pupa between leaves of the foodplant. The imago is on the wing in June and July according to Hofmann, but Guenée gives July and September.

I am obliged to Mr. W. M. Christy, of Watergate, Emsworth, for the loan of this most interesting addition to our small band of native Plusiidæ. As the larva and its food-plant are known, it is to be hoped that the species may be detected here in the earlier stages also.

The figure represents Mr. Christy's specimen, but the description has been drawn up from a fine bred example in Mr. Leech's European collection.

DISTRIBUTION.-Germany (except N.W.); Switzerland; Southeast France; Normandy; Andalusia; Piedmont; Austria; Hungary; Poland; Finland; Central and South-east Russia; Altai; East Siberia; England.

FIVE DAYS' COLLECTING IN NORMANDY.

BY J. H. LEECH, B.A., F.L.S., &c.

On Friday, July 18th, I made another excursion to Tancarville, accompanied by Mr. South and Mr. H. McArthur. During the time we spent in the locality the weather was not altogether unfavourable for entomological work. The days were warm enough; there was a fair amount of sunshine and but little rain, except on the morning of the 21st. Although the nights were certainly cold at times, the meteorological conditions were a distinct improvement on those which obtained during our former visit.

A full list of the species captured on this occasion is appended. Those species met with as imagines during our previous visit, and enumerated in the June list (ante p. 225), are indicated by an asterisk.

LIST OF LEPIDOPTERA TAKEN AT TANCARVILLE, JULY 19TH-23RD, 1890.

RHOPALOCERA.-Pieris brassica and P. napi. Argynnis euphrosyne, one male specimen. Vanessa c-album, one. V. polychloros. V. urticæ. Limenitis sibylla. Apatura iris, represented by two wings found on the road below castle. Melanargia galatea. Epinephele ianira, one female example has the usual fulvous markings of fore wings replaced by whitish except the costal portion of submarginal band. E. tithonus. E. hyper

SPHINGES. Smerinthus populi. Macroglossa stellatarum. Trochilium apiformis. Thyris fenestrella. Zygana filipendulæ, not common. Lithosia meso

BOMBYCES.-Nola cucullatella. Calligenia miniata.* mella. Gnophria quadra. Euchelia jacobæa. Callimorpha dominula, common in a wood at the back of the hotel. Arctia caia, one larva. Spilosoma fuliginosa, one full-grown larva. Hepialus humuli, one female example. Psilura monacha, pupa on tree trunks. Bombyx neustria. Saturnia pavonia, one larva feeding on stunted sallow in the quarry below castle. Dicranura vinula, full-grown larva. Notodonta dictaa, one larva. Drynobia velitaris, one female specimen. Phalera bucephala, larvæ. Thyatira derasa. T. batis.* Cymatophora octogesima (= ocularis). C. or. C. duplaris. The Cymatophoridae were taken at sugar, as also were the following:

NOCTUE.-Acronycta psi. A. leporina. A. aceris. A. megacephala. A. rumicis. A. auricoma. Leucania lithargyria, variable. L. pallens. Hydræcia nictitans. Xylophasia lithoxylea. X. hepatica. Apamea didyma (=oculea), many forms. Miana strigilis. Caradrina taraxaci (=blanda). Rusina tenebrosa.* Agrotis suffusa. A. exclamationis.* A. ripa. Noctua triangularum. N. brunnea.* N. baia, some nice forms. Triphana pronuba.* Miana maura. Calymnia trapezina. C. affinis. Euplexia lucipara.* Hadena oleracea. Gonoptera libatrix. Plusia gamma.* Phytometra viridaria. Herminia derivalis and Hypenodes costastrigalis were taken on the wing, and larvæ were obtained of Dianthacia albimacula. Cucullia verbasci and C. lychnitis?

Selenia bi

GEOMETRÆ. Epione apiciaria. Angerona prunaria. lunaria v. juliaria. Crocallis elinguaria. Eugonia quercinaria (= angularia). Boarmia repandata.* Hemithea strigata (= thymiaria). Acidalia bisetata. A. dilutaria. A. remutaria. A. strigilaria, not uncommon. A. inornata. Timandra amataria. Cabera pusaria. C. exanthemata.* Abraxas grossulariata.* Lomaspilis marginata.* Emmelesia alchemillata. Eupithecia impurata. Hypsipetes sordidata (= elutata). Melanippe sociata. M. galiata, larvæ. Camptogramma bilineata.* Phibalapteryx tersatu. Cidaria testata. C. dotata (pyraliata). Eubolia limitata (= mensuraria). E. bipunctaria, a rather dark form. Anaitis plagiata.*

PYRALIDES.-Aglossa pinguinalis. Scoparia cembra.* Nomophila noctuella (= hybridalis). Pyrausta aurata (= punicealis). Herbula cespitalis. Endotricha flammealis. Scopula olivalis.* Botys ruralis. Ebulea crocealis.* E. verbascalis. E. stachydalis.

PTEROPHORI. Oxyptilus hieracii? Mimæseoptilus bipunctidactyla. Leioptilus scarodactylus. Aciptilia baliodactyla.

CRAMBI.-Crambus perlellus. C. tristellus. C. culmellus. Ilythyia semirubella. Rhodophæa tumidella.

T.

TORTRICES.—Tortrix podana. T. cratagana. T. xylosteana. rosana. T. heparana. T. ribeana. Peronea aspersana. Penthina gentiana. P. marginana. H. dealbana.* Spilonota rosacolana. Aspis udmanniana. Sericoris lacunana. Euchromia purpurana. Orthotania striana.* Sciaphila subjectana.* Grapholitha penkleriana.* G. gemi

nana.

Batodes angustiorana.

Ephippiphora brunnichiana.* E. trige

minana. Carpocapsa grossana.* Dicrorampha politana.* D. petiverella.* Catoptria fulcana. C. citrana. Symathis oxyacanthella (= fabriciana).* Eupæcilia dubitana. E. hybridella (= carduana). Xanthosella hamana.* Chrosis alcella (= tesserana).

TINEE. · Phibalocera quercana. granitella.

Dasycera olivierella.

Acrolepia

Several species of other Orders were taken, and these Mr. Billups has very kindly determined and reported on as follows:

Coleoptera were again met with, and in some cases captured in considerable numbers; as there are some 29 species not mentioned in the June list of captures, I thought it perhaps might not be uninteresting to record the additions. They are as follows: In the Carabidæ, Pterostichus madidus, F., and Harpalus puncticollis Pk., two specimens of each, the Staphylinidæ having a solitary specimen of Creophilus maxillosus, L., to represent this large family. Two specimens of Necrophorus mortuorum, F., and one of vespillo, L., with four of Silpha thoracica, L., and two of S. quadripunctata, L., represented the Silphidæ. Epuraa æstiva, L., in some numbers, with E. deleta, Er., Meligethes aneus, F., and M. rufipes, Gyll., represented the Nitidulidæ. Two specimens of Halyzia 14-guttata, L., were the only species met with in the Coccinellida. The Scarabæidæ had as types three specimens of Onthophagus taurus, L., and several of Sericea brunnea, L. The Lagriidæ had numerous representatives in its solitary genus, L. hirta, L., several specimens of Anaspis pumila, Gyll., doing duty for the Mordellida. In the Cerambycida several specimens of the fine Rhagium mordax, Fab., were taken, as also Strangalia maculata, Poda., and Grammoptera tabacicolor, DeG. To the Chrysomelida, however, the majority of species taken belong, amongst these were a solitary specimen of Crioceris brunnea, Fab.; several of Timarch monticola, Fab.; three specimens of Chrysomela hyperici, Forst.; one of C. varians, Fab.; seven of C. tristis, Fab.; and a number of the very beautiful C. speciosa, L., in nearly all shades of colour. There were also several specimens of Lina ænea, L., and Gastrophysa viridula, DeG., Crepidodera rufipes, L., and C. helexines, L., bringing up the total to 29 species. Hymenoptera had also several representatives in Prosopis dilatata, Kirby, and P. communis, Nyl.; Andrena trimmerana, Kirby, and A. nitida, Fourc.; Anthidium manicatum, L., and Chelostoma florisomne, L.; the Ichneumonida being represented by Ichneumon vaginatorius, L., and Centeterus confector, Gr. There were also two species of Hemiptera taken, Piezodorus litucatus, Fab., and Dasycorus hirticornis, Fab., and several specimens of Oniscidæ in Armadillo vulgaris, L.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES, CAPTURES, &c.

NOTODONTA DICTEA IN AUGUST.-I found a full-fed larva of N. dictaa, on 8th July; it went under ground, 10th July, and emerged on 12th August. I think this is rather unusual. I also took a full-fed Notodonta ziczac about the same time, and it emerged two days previous to the above.-M. CRASKE ; Newacott, Bridgerule, Devon, August 15, 1890.

[N. dictea is perhaps not so regular as N. ziczac in assuming the imago condition twice during the year, but both species are doublebrooded. In each case the autumn larvæ of one year produce imagines in May or June of the following year; from these are derived the larvæ, found in June and July, which attain the perfect state in August.-ED.]

BLACK VARIETY OF LIMENITIS SIBYLLA.—While collecting at Holmesley, on Friday, July 18th, I captured a fine specimen of the black variety of Limenitis sibylla.-R. E. JAMES; Trays Hill, Hornsey Lane, N.

PINKISH VARIETY OF ARCTIA CAIA.-I have taken in my garden (July 23) a female of Arctia caia with the white of the forewings deeply suffused with pink, and have another, not so deep, taken a few years ago at Portsmouth.-W. T. PEARCE; 101, Mayfield Road, Gosport.

CROCALLIS ELINGUARIA VAR. TRAPEZARIA (?).—I took from a Chester gas-lamp, on the night of August 20th, a fine specimen of Crocallis elinguaria, without the median transverse band on the fore wings. There is a broad pale-brown band on the hind margin of each upper wing, bordered by a narrow white line on the basal side. The discoidal and other spots are as usual, with the exception of the hind wings, which are spotless. Is this the variety trapezaria?-J. ARKLE; Chester. [Trapezaria is said to be smaller, darker, and the central fascia broader.-ED.]

ANTICLEA CUCULLATA (SINUATA) AT CHICHESTER.-I captured a fine specimen of this beautiful little Geometer, which I beat out of a hedge où 25th July. Although I do not see it mentioned by authors, I should say that the larvæ feed on other species of Galium besides Galium verum, as this plant does not grow within miles of the locality where I took this specimen. The moth is, I believe, new to the Sussex list. Galium mollugo grows in profusion in the hedges round about. I was much tempted to keep the moth (a female) alive for eggs, but she was in such beautiful condition, apparently having only just emerged, I thought that in all probability she must be a virgin, and so converted her into a specimen forthwith, to grace my cabinet, I trust, for many years to come.-JOSEPH ANDERSON, Jun.; Chichester.

LARENTIA OLIVATA AND EUPITHECIA SUBCILIATA AT RICKMANSWORTH.On July 31st I took two specimens of E. subciliata off palings beneath a maple tree in Rickmansworth Park, and one example of L. olivata was disturbed from herbage growing on a bank by the road-side. There were a few commoner things on the wing; but the only insect that could be said to be plentiful was Aphomia sociella, which was met with on palings, and later on flying along hedgerows.-RICHARD SOUTH.

CUCULLIA ABSYNTHII NEAR BARMOUTH.--In reply to Mr. Chamberlain's note under the above heading, I shall be very curious to hear