represented. I obtained one example of Penthina capræana, a species of which I had not taken a specimen since 1847, when I met with it at Swanscombe in Kent. Nepticula intimella were scarce, but on the wing much before the usual time. About the 20th of May I went on the moor above Stoneyhurst College and found moths abundant, and quite two weeks earlier than usual; Hadena glauca, Acronycta menyanthidis, Nemophora pilella, Gelechia longicornis, and a fair number of Thecla rubi were flying about; fortunately I had some 150 boxes with me, and these were quickly filled. About the second week in June I had a turn on the mosses, where I found some fine Canonympha typhon; also Hyria muricata and Acidalia fumata, but scarcely anything else, although the mosses usually teem with insect life. I next had a turn on Arnside for Lycana astrarche var. salmacis, but only got about half a dozen specimens. There was a high wind and a bright sun; they were no sooner in the net than out again. About this time I brought in my pots, in which I had put fourteen larvæ of Cidaria reticulata, with plenty of food. I did not expect to breed above three or four; however, eleven specimens came out, also a few Penthina postremana and Coleophora fuscocuprella. Early in July I went on the moors several times; no Macros, only a few large Eupithecia satyrata, first time in the district. I think they differ from my other specimens from various localities. Penthina sauciana and Grapholitha geminana were fairly common; the fine hot weather was favourable for the larva. In August I spent most of my time among Nepticulæ, and found them scarcer than usual, the commonest being N. desperatella. I found a good many extending over two months. On the way to Stoneyhurst N. tilia was not as common as last year, when I found eight in one leaf; N. cryptella and N. serella not many. Of the birch-feeders I found large numbers were killed in the mine by the hot sun. As far as I hear from my friends they one and all give a gloomy account of their season's work. I found Nepticula larvæ very sparing, even in October. I went for N. minusculella larvæ on the 1st of the month and only found four. On the 2nd I saw plenty of mines on the oak and nut in our Pleasure Gardens, and, strange to say, seeing a spotted leaf of the nut I turned it up, and there was a full-fed larva, with its rugged rough case, of Coleophora fuscocuprella. The usual places for me to get this species are nearly forty miles distant. I must note the capture of a fine Ephestia semirufa by my wife, in the kitchen, about the 16th of September.-J. B. HODGKINSON; Ashton-on-Ribble.

LEPIDOPTERA IN THANET.-It may interest some of the readers of the Entomologist' to learn a few of the more important captures that have been made within the last few years, by local collectors, in the neighbourhood of Ramsgate (Entom. xxi. 322). Leaving out those species which are of almost universal distribution, we have taken among the Rhopalocera :Vanessa c-album (once, at Sevenscore), V. polychloros, Melanargia galatea (common), Thecla quercus, Lycana alsus, L. medon, Colias edusa, C. hyale (once), Vanessa antiopa (was undoubtedly seen last September, but was not captured). Among the moths:-The three species of Smerinthus, Sphinx ligustri (common), Acherontia atropos, Charocampa porcellus, C. celerio, Macroglossa stellatarum, Deilephila galii (was taken in 1888), Deiopeia pulchella (has been twice taken), Gastropacha quercifolia, Dicranura bifida, Acronyeta aceris, Eremobia ochroleuca (by day, on knapweed), Calymnia diffinis, Cerigo matura (cytherea), Leucania comma, Bryophila perla,

Aporophyla australis, Apamea ophiogramma, Miana literosa, Agrotis suffusa, A. saucia, A. cursoria, Triphana ianthina, T. fimbria (once), T. orbona, Xanthia silago, Hadena serena, Polia flavocincta, Calocampa vetusta, C. exoleta, Xylina semibrunnea, Epione apiciaria, Selenia lunaria, Eugonia alniaria (once), Cidaria miata, Aspilates citraria A. gilvaria, Strenia clathrata, Fidonia atomaria, Melanippe procellata, Eubolia palumbaria, E. bipunctata, Mesotype virgata (lineolata), and Anaitis plagiata. Although Thanet is destitute of woods, there are several snug little clumps of trees admirably adapted for sugaring. The ivied walls of Richboro' Castle are truly a magnificent sight, but can with difficulty be reached after dusk.-T. WILLSON; Dudley House, Ramsgate, March 6, 1890.

LIST OF INSECTS OBSERVED ON LUNDY ISLAND, JULY 13TH, 1888.— Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera :-Pieris brassica, P. rapa, Satyrus ianira, Canonympha pamphilus, Polyommatus alexis, Vanessa cardui. Lepidoptera-Heterocera:- Camptogramma bilineata (smaller than on the mainland), Melanippe fluctuata. Coleoptera: Ocypus olens, Telephorus melanurus, Calathus cisteloides. Hymenoptera:-Apis mellifica, Bombus muscorum, Chrysis ignita, Halictus albipes, Sphecodes gibbus, Formica nigra, F. rubra. Diptera: Chrysotoxum fasciolatum, Scatophaga stercoraria, Musca casar, Calliphora vomitoria, Tipula oleracea, Anthomyia lucorum. Hemiptera: - Ptyelus. Orthoptera: - Perotettix pedestris, Forficularia auricularia. Arachnida: -Epeira diadema. — (Rev.) F. A. WALKER; Dun Mallard, Cricklewood, March 11, 1890.

ADDITIONS TO THE NEWBURY LIST OF MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA.-Although the entomological season of 1889 proved to be most unsatisfatory, I was successful in adding several new species of Macro-Lepidoptera to our Newbury list. They are as follows:-Eurymene dolobraria, Pericallia syringaria, Eugonia erosaria, Acidalia holosericata, Bapta temerata, Emmelesia adaquata, Eupithecia pulchellata, E. plumbeolata, E. irriguata, Lobophora sexalisata, Eubolia cervinaria, Chesias spartiata, Nola cucullatella, Trichiura cratagi, Saturnia pavonia (pupæ), Acronycta leporina, Hydracia petasitis, Noctua dahlii, Panolis piniperda, Taniocampa miniosa (larvæ), Tethea retusa, Dianthacia capsincola, Asteroscopus sphinx, Heliaca tenebrata.— M. KIMBER; Cope Hall, near Newbury.

PARASITES ON MOTHS.-The acarid moth-parasites, referred to by your correspondents, also occur in America. On August 25th, 1887, I took a Noctuid by the Blue River, Dillon, Colorado, with a red mite on its abdoUnfortunately, I did not ascertain what species the mite belonged to.-T. D. A. COCKERELL; February 25th, 1890.

men.

SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. - March 5th, 1890.- Capt. Henry J. Elwes, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair. Mr. G. H. Kenrick, of Edgbaston, Birmingham, and the Rt. Hon. Lord Rendlesham, of Rendlesham Hall, Woodbridge, Suffolk, were elected Fellows; and Mr. J. P. Mutch was admitted into the Society. Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited a number of specimens of Dianthacia carpophaga, Bork., bred by

Mr. W. F. H. Blandford from larvæ collected near Tenby, Pembrokeshire, ou flowers of Silene maritima. He remarked that the series included a number of forms intermediate between D. carpophaga and D. capsophila, and established the fact that the latter is only a local variety of the former. Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher, Mr. Blandford, Mr. M'Lachlan, and the chairman took part in a discussion as to the identity of the supposed species. Mr. Barrett further exhibited a specimen of Dianthacia luteago, var. barrettii, Db., also bred by Mr. Blandford from a larva found at Tenby, and he remarked that the species had not previously been taken in England; also a long series of forms intermediate between Catoptria scopoliana, Hw., and its small variety parvulana, Wilk., collected by Mr. E. Bankes, Mr. Fletcher, Mr. Vine, and others, in Sussex, the Isle of Wight, and Pembrokeshire; also a specimen of Botys mutualis, Zell.,-a species widely distributed in Asia and Africa,—taken by Mr. C. S. Gregson near Bolton, Lancashire. Mr. A. F. Griffith exhibited and made remarks on the following:-two specimens of Myelois pryerella, taken in the London Docks in 1888, and, for comparison, a series of M. ceratonia; two specimens of Penthina grevillana and a series of P. pralongana, taken in Sutherlandshire, and, for comparison, a series of P. sauciana, var. staintoniana; three specimens of the form of Exapate named duratella, with two of the ordinary E. gelatella, bred from larvæ taken in Sutherlandshire on Myrica gale; one specimen of Incurvaria tenuicornis and four of Nemophora pilella; three specimens of Ornix fagivora from Cambridge; also two specimens from Sutherland and five from Abbot's Wood, Sussex, of a form apparently allied to Tinea rusticella, with specimens of the latter from Sutherlandshire and Brighton for comparison; also two specimens of a unicolorous variety of Hypermecia angustana, from Horning, Norfolk. Mr. H. Goss exhibited several abnormal specimens of Chelonia caia, bred last December. The object of the exhibition was to show the effect produced by forcing the larvae, and subjecting them to unusual conditions. It was stated that the peculiarity of the colour of the hind wings of the female parent had not been transmitted to any of the offspring. Mr. Blandford referred to two specimens of a species of Cardiophorus, from Tenby, which he had exhibited at the August meeting of the Society as Cardiophorus cinereus, and stated that subsequent investigation had led him to hand them to Mr. Champion for determination. Mr. Champion was of opinion that they did not belong to the same species; that one of them was C. asellus, Er., and the other, probably, C. equiseti, Hbst., a species new to this country. Mr. C. J. Gahan read a paper entitled "New Longicornia from Africa and Madagascar." Capt. Elwes read a paper entitled "On a new species of Thymara and other species allied to Himantopterus fuscinervis, Wesmael.” Mr. M'Lachlan made some remarks on the subject in connection with an examination and drawing of the type of Himantopterus made some years since. Dr. Sharp read a paper entitled "On some Water Beetles from Ceylon." Mr. J.J. Walker, R.N., communicated a paper entitled "Notes on Lepidoptera from the Region of the Straits of Gibraltar." Mr. F. Merrifield, Mr. B. G. Nevinson, Capt. Elwes, and Mr. G. Lewis took part in the discussion which ensued. It was announced that papers had also been received from Mr. E. Meyrick, Prof. Westwood, and Mynheer P. C. T. Snellen; but in consequence of the lateness of the hour the reading of them was postponed to the next meeting.-H. Goss, Hon. Sec.

THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. -January 23rd, 1890.-T. R. Billups, F.E.S., President, in the chair. Messrs. G. A. Lewcock, of Islington; W. Gardner, of Liverpool; and P. Bright, of Bournemouth, werc elected members. The Treasurer having submitted his balance-sheet, showing a good balance to the Society's credit, the Secretary read the Council's report for 1889, from which it appeared that 44 members had been elected during the year, making a total membership of 223, consisting of 6 honorary, 3 life, 47 country, and 167 full members. The election of officers was next proceeded with, and resulted as follows:-Mr. J. T. Carrington, F.L.S., President; Mr. W. H. Tugwell and Mr. J. Jenner Weir, F.L.S., &c., Vice-Pesidents; Mr. E. Step, Hon. Treasurer; Mr. W. West, Hon. Curator; Mr. D. J. Rice, Hon. Librarian; Mr. Barker and Mr. D. F. Rice, Hon. Secretaries; Messrs. R. Adkin, F.E.S.; T. R. Billups, F.E.S.; T. W. Hall, F.E.S.; J. R. Wellman; R. South, F.E.S.; C. A. Briggs, F.E.S.; and C. G. Barrett, F.E.S., Council. The retiring President then read his address, and the meeting closed with votes of thanks to the various officers.

February 13th.-J. T. Carrington, President, in the chair. Mr. Barrett exhibited a long series of Phycis adornatella, Tr,, from various localities, and remarked that some fifteen or twenty years ago a form of this species was obtained from the west of England, which differed from the specimens obtained at Box Hill, Surrey; the chief distinguishing characteristic being that the western specimens had a white fascia; this form was considered by Prof. Zeller as a distinct species, and it received the name of subornatella; in the course of time specimens were obtained from other localities, which were intermediate between the two forms, and it had now been decided that subornatella was only a variety of adornatella. Messrs. South, Adkin and Tutt made some remarks relative to this exhibit. Mr. Barrett, on behalf of Mr. Vivian, exhibited Homœosoma sinuella, and a variety of Hesperia lineola, taken in Cambridgeshire. Mr. Moore, a collection of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, &c., from the coast of Labrador; and Mr. Weir pointed out that among them was a specimen of Polyommatus phlaas, which was not a species one would expect to occur at Labrador. Mr. Tutt exhibited photographs of varieties of Abraxas grossulariata, Arctia caia, A. villica, Spilosoma lubricipeda, S. mendica, &c. Mr. Lewcock, larvæ and perfect insect of Mesium affine, Boisd. Mr. Carrington, in his remarks on taking the chair, made some interesting suggestions for the Society's work during the coming season.

February 27th. The President in the chair. Messrs. W. Smith, of Paisley; W. Bloomfield, of Mildmay Park; and G. A. Farini, of Forest Hill; were elected members. Mr. Bloomfield exhibited two specimens of Hesperia lineola, taken in Essex, 1888. Mr. Watson, a nest of a species of Mantis with two living examples of the insect; many other specimens had emerged in transit from Sydney, where the species was said to occur freely. Mr. Billups, Meopus trispinosus, Wat., from New Zealand; Poropleura monstrosa, Olivr., from Brazil; and read notes relative to his exhibit. Mr. Billups also showed galls collected at West Cliff, Colorado, by Mr. Cockerell, who wrote that the rose-galls were of three species: Rhodites ignata, Osten-Sacken, from which an abundance of a parasitic Cynipid, Periclustus pirata, Osten-Sacken, would be bred; Rhodites fusiformis, a new species, and the little blister-like galls on the leaves would produce Rhodites rosafolia, Cockerell. Of the willow-galls, the reddish fusiform ones pro

duced Cecidomyia salicis-siliqua, Walsh., the bud-galls Cecidomyia salicisstrobiloides, Osten-Sacken. Mr. Cockerell expressed an opinion that from the galls many Chalcids, including some rare species, would be reared, in addition to the gall-makers. An exhibition of microscopical objects was then given by Messrs. Collins, W. West, R. Adkin, T. R. Billups, Cameron and others.

March 13th.-The President in the chair. Messrs. A. E. Peake, of Tooting; and E. W. Sinclair-Cox, were elected members. Mr. Tutt exhibited typical specimens of Agrotis obelisca, Hb., from Germany; the variety hastifera, Donz, from Hungary; and some picked specimens captured by Mr. A. J. Hodges in the Isle of Wight, of a different type to the var. hastifera, but much nearer that than the typical obelisca. Mr. R. Adkin, referring to a series of Mania typica which he exhibited, said that the larvæ were found last autumn, and were fed up in a warm room. The majority pupated in November, and the imagines emerged in January and February of the present year. He had found a similar method of forcing the larvae of some species of Triphana equally successful, and he believed that many other Noctum whose larvæ hybernated might be similarly treated with good results, provided of course that the larvæ could be induced to take such food as might be obtained during the winter months. Mr. Gerrard exhibited living larvæ and pupæ, with set examples of the imago, of a species of Ephestia discovered in some old samples of rice. At present he was unable to say where the moth came from, as the samples of rice were from Japan, Java and Burmah, and these had unfortunately been mixed; he would, however, write to the merchant who had forwarded the samples, and get further information. Mr. Mansbridge exhibited living larvæ and imagines of a Tineæ found feeding in samples of fish-guano, and said that the guano was brought from Brettesnaes, on the N.W. coast of Norway, and was composed of the flesh and bones of small cod and herrings. The larvæ inhabited a tube or gallery which was formed of particles of the food united with silk. In all the examples seen, these galleries were beneath the surface, but before pupating the larva worked its way upwards and pupated just below the surface. Mr. West (Greenwich) exhibited a fiue collection of Coleoptera from the Columbian Republic. Mr. Billups, a specimen of Ichneumon haglundi, Holmg., a species new to Britain, bred by Mr. R. Adkin, from a larva of Arctia fuliginosa, received from Scotland; a series of Apanteles emarginatus, Nees., bred from Gracillaria omisella, by Mr. Elisha; a specimen of an Hemipteron of the genus Pentatonia, taken alive in the Borough Market, from a package of West Indian bananas; a species of Chrysomelidæ, found alive in a barrel of grapes from Malaga; and a live female specimen of Bombus latreillus, Kirby, found among lettuce from the South of France.-H. W. BARKER, Hon. Sec.

CITY OF LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.— February 20th, 1890.-J. A. Clark, F.E.S., President, in the chair. Mr. C. B. Smith was elected a member of the Society. Mr. Whittle exhibited three specimens of S. fagi from Epping. Mr. J. W. Tutt, the genus Xanthia, including a long series of intermediate forms of X. fulvago, from perfectly clear to very dark specimens; also a selection of Agrotis tritici from Deal, Aberdeen and Valais, exhibiting variation in ground colour from pale whitish-grey to deep-brown and black, and the two marked forms,. (a) with pale costa and median nervure, (b) without pale costa. In the